INTEGRATED OIL PALM-BASED INTEGRATED OIL PALM-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN SOUTH EAST ASIA : PRODUCTION SOUTH EAST ASIA : PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY C. DEVENDRA ( Consulting Tropical Animal Production Specialist , 130A Jalan Awan Jawa, 58200 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia )
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C. DEVENDRA ( Consulting Tropical Animal Production Specialist ,
INTEGRATED OIL PALM-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN SOUTH EAST ASIA : PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. C. DEVENDRA ( Consulting Tropical Animal Production Specialist , 130A Jalan Awan Jawa, 58200 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia ) . Asian integrated systems. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INTEGRATED OIL PALM-BASED INTEGRATED OIL PALM-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN
SOUTH EAST ASIA : PRODUCTION SOUTH EAST ASIA : PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY
C. DEVENDRA
( Consulting Tropical Animal Production Specialist ,
130A Jalan Awan Jawa, 58200 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia )
Characterised by diversity of mixed crop-animal farming systems
Provide 90% of the milk, 77% of the ruminant meat, 47% of pork and poultry meat, and 31% of the eggs
Past growth trends indicate (Steinfeld, 1999) :Mixed farming systems (2.2% / yr) Industrial systems (4.3% / yr), and Pastoral systems (0.7% / yr).
ASIAN INTEGRATED SYSTEMSASIAN INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
Systems combining animals and annual cropping are of two sub-types:-
Systems involving non-ruminants, ponds and fish eg. Vegetables- pigs –ducks- fish systems ( Vietnam ) , Rice – maize- vegetables- sweet potatoes – pigs – dairy cattle ( China )
Systems involving ruminants eg. Maize- groundnuts/ soya bean – goats systems (Indonesia), Rice- finger millet- rice – goats (Nepal).
Systems combining animals and perennial cropping are of two sub-types:-
Systems involving ruminants eg. Coconuts – sheep integration (Philippines );
By about 30 %, and measures of 0.49 – 3.52 mt / ha / yr.
3). Savings in weeding costs
By about 47- 60 %, equivalent to 21 – 62 RM / ha / yr.
4). Internal rate of return (IRR)
The IRR of cattle under integration was 19% based on actual field data.
5). Potential further income
Integration with goats can potentially further increase income.
ECONOMIC IMPACTS ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Include inter alia the following:- • Poor awareness of the potential of integrated systems eg. oil
palm and ruminants• Resistance by the crop- oriented plantation sector• Inadequate technology application• Problems in the supplies of animals• High prices for crude palm oil• Unattractive investment climate• Weak inter-agency-private sector collaboration, and • Absence of policies to promote integrated systems.
CONSTRAINTS TO INTEGRATION CONSTRAINTS TO INTEGRATION
Integrated ruminant – oil palm systems are potentially very important and are underestimated
Ruminants enhance increased animal protein supplies, value addition in the oil palm and sustainable development
Wider adoption of the systems is constrained by a lack of policy, high prices for crude palm oil, complacency, and inadequate technology application
The economic impacts are considerable and are highlighted in several case studies including C sequestration
Demonstrable environmental sustainability is evident , and Overcoming the constraints and building partnerships between
various agencies and the private sector constitute the challenges for the immediate future.