C-CF CDMA2000 Principle-20071030-A-3.0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI Confidential

Security Level:

C-CF CDMA2000 Principle

C-CF CDMA2000 Principle

ISSUE 3.0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2HUAWEI Confidential

Objectives

After this presentation, you will be familiar with:

The development of mobile communication systemThe structure of CDMA2000 networkThe techniques used by CDMA system including:

source coding, channel coding, interleaving,

scrambling, spreading and modulation etc.power control, soft handoff, RAKE receiverF-PCH,F-PICH,F-SYNCH,F-FCH,F-SCH,R-ACH,R-PICH Long code, short code and Walsh code


Course Organization

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: CDMA Techniques & Technologies

Chapter 3: CDMA Air Interface

Chapter 4 CDMA Number Planning


1st Generation 1980s (analog)

2nd Generation 1990s (digital)

3rd Generation current (digital)

3G provides: Complete integrated service solutions High bandwidth Unified air interface Best spectral efficiency and ……………… a step towards PCS

AMPS

Analog to DigitalTACS

NMT

OTHERS

GSM

CDMA IS95

TDMA IS-136

PDC

UMTS WCDMA

CDMA 2000

TD-SCDMA

Development of Mobile Communications Development of Mobile Communications Introduction

Voice to Broadband


Transmission Techniques

Traffic channels: different users are assigned unique code and transmitted over the same frequency band, for example, WCDMA and CDMA2000

FDMATraffic channels: different frequency bands are allocated to different users,for example, AMPS and TACS

Traffic channels: different time slots are allocated to different users, for example, DAMPS and GSM

FrequencyTime

Power

FrequencyTime

Power

FrequencyTime

Power

TDMA

CDMA

User

User

User

User User

User

Introduction


Standards for 3G

3G system

CDMA2000

3GPP2

FDD mode

WCDMA

3GPP

FDD mode

TD-SCDMA

CWTS

TDD mode

Introduction


IS95A 9.6kbps

IS95B 115.2kbps

CDMA2000 307.2kbps

Heavier voice service capacity ;

Longer period of standby time

CDMA2000 3X

CDMA2000 1X EV

1X EV-DO

1X EV-DV

1995 1998

20002003

Development of CDMA

Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity

Higher packet data rate and more diversified services

Smooth transit to 3G

Introduction


Frequency Allocation In CDMA2000

Band Class 0 and Spreading Rate 1

Introduction

Transmit Frequency Band (MHz)

Block

Designator

CDMA Channel

Validity

CDMA

Channel

Number

Mobile Station Base Station

A(10MHz) Valid 1-311 825.030-834.330 870.030-879.330

B(10MHz) Valid 356-644 835.680-844.320 880.680-889.320

A’(1.5MHz) Valid 689-694 845.670-845.820 890.670-890.820

B’(2.5MHz) Valid 739-777 847.170-848.310 892.170-893.310

The transmit frequency for Base Station is calculated by:

F=870+N*0.03

And for Base Station is :

F=825+N*0.03

N: CDMA Channel Number

The interval between Forward and Reverse link is

45MHz


Frequency Allocation In CDMA2000

Band Class 1 and Spreading Rate 1

Introduction

Transmit Frequency Band (MHz)

Block

Designator

CDMA

Channel

Validity

CDMA

Channel

Number

Mobile Station Base Station

A(15MHz) Valid 25-275 1851.250-1863.750 1931.250-1943.750

D(5MHz) Valid 325-375 1866.250-1868.750 1946.250-1948.750

B(15MHz) Valid 425-675 1871.250-1883.750 1951.250-1963.750

E(5MHz) Valid 725-775 1886.250-1888.750 1966.250-1968.750

F(5MHz) Valid 825-875 1891.250-1893.750 1971.250-1973.750

C(15MHz) Valid 925-1175 1896.250-1908.750 1976.250-1988.750

The transmit frequency for Base Station is calculated by:

F=1930+N*0.05

And for Base Station is :

F=1850+N*0.05

N: CDMA Channel Number

The interval between Forward and Reverse link is

80MHz


CDMA2000 1X Network Structure

MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver StationBSC: Base Station Controller MSC: Mobile Switching CenterHLR :Home Location Register VLR: Visitor Location RegisterPCF: Packet data Control Function PDSN: Packet Data Service Node HA: Home Agent FA: Foreign Agent SCP: Service Control Point Radius: Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service

Abis

A1(Signaling)

A2(Traffic)

A11(Signaling)

A10(Traffic)

A3(Signaling &

Traffic)

A7(Singaling)

Introduction


Course Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 CDMA Techniques & Technologies

Chapter 3 CDMA Air Interface



Correlation

(a)

Correlation 100% so the functions are parallel

Correlation 0% so the functions are orthogonal

CDMA Techniques & Technologies

+1

-1

+1

-1

(b)

+1

-1

+1


Orthogonal Function

Orthogonal functions have zero correlation. Two binary sequences

are orthogonal if their “XOR” output contains equal number of 1’s

and -1’s

-1 -1 -1 -1

-1 1 -1 1

1 -1 1 -1

EXAMPLE:


1 -1 1 -1

-1 1 -1 1

-1 -1 -1 -1


Information spreading over orthogonal codesCDMA Techniques & Technologies

Signal 1

Spreading Sequence 1

Spreading Signal 1

Spreading Signal1+2

Signal 2


Spreading Signal 2


Information recovery-Signal 1CDMA Techniques & Technologies

De-Spreading 1

Output – Signal 1

Spreading Signal1+2



Information recovery-Signal 2CDMA Techniques & Technologies

De-Spreading 2

Output – Signal 2

Spreading Signal1+2



Spreading and De-spreading

information pulse interference White noise

The improvement of time-domain information rate means that the bandwidth of spectrum-domain

information is spread.

S(f) is the energy density.

f

S（ f）

The spectrum before spreading

information

f0

The spectrum before despreading

informationInterference/noise

S（ f）

f0 f f0

The spectrum after despreading

information

Interference/noise

S（ f）

f

The spectrum after spreading

information

f0

S（ f）

f



Signal flow

InterleavingSource coding

Convolution &Interleaving

Scrambling Spreading Modulation

RF transmission

Source decoding

deinterleavingDecovolution &Deinterleaving

Unscrambling De-spreading Demodulation RF receiving



Common Technical Terms

Bit, Symbol, Chip:

A bit is the input data which contain information

A symbol is the output of the convolution, encoder, and the block

interleaving

A chip is the output of spreading

Processing Gain:

Processing gain is the ratio of chip rate to the bit rate.

The processing gain in IS-95 system is 128, about 21dB.

Forward direction: Information path from base station to mobile station

Reverse direction: Information path from mobile station to base station



In a typical duplex call, the duty ratio is less than 35%. To achieve

better capacity and low power consumption, base station reduces

its transmission power.

Source Coding

Vocoder:

8K QCELP

13K QCELP

EVRC

Characteristics

Support voice activity



Channel Coding

Convolution code or TURBO code is used in channel encoding

Constraint length=shift register number+1.

Encoding efficiency= (total input bits / total output symbols)

convolution encoder

Input (bits)

Output (symbols)


11011000

10000010

11101110

1110100010101100


Turbo Code

Turbo code is used during the transmission of large data packet.

Characteristics of the Turbo code:

The input information is encoded twice and the two output codes can

exchange information with each other during decoding.

The symbol is protected not only by the neighborhood check bits, but also

by the separate Check Bits.

The performance of a Turbo code is superior to that of a convolution code.



Interleaving

The direction of the data stream


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

IL

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

?

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

?

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

?

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

?

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 ? 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 ? 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 ? 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 ? 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

De-ILtransfer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 ? ? ? ? 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

?

Non-Interleaving


Out

0 0 1

1 1 0

Scrambling (M) sequence

Two parts:

Number of the shift register (N)

Mask

Period: The period of out put sequence is 2N-1 bits

quasi-orthogonal Only sequence offset is change when the mask is changed

Pseudorandom: PN stands for Pseudorandom Noise sequence



Long Code

The long code is a PN sequence with period of 242-1chips

The functions of a long code:

Scramble the forward CDMA channel

Control the insertion of power control bit

Spread the information on the reverse CDMA channel to identify the

mobile stations



PNa

PNc

PNb

Short CodeCDMA Techniques & Technologies

Short code is a PN sequence with period of 215 chips

Sequence with different time offset is used to distinguish different sectors

Minimum PN sequence offset used is 64 chips, that is, 512 PN offsets are available to identify the CDMA sectors (215/64=512).


Walsh Code

W2n=Wn Wn

Wn Wn

W1=0

W2= 0 0

0 1

W4 =

0 00 1

0 00 1

0 00 1

Walsh code

64-order Walsh function is used as a spreading function and each Walsh code is orthogonal to other.

Walsh Code is one kind of orthogonal code.

A Walsh can be presented by Wim where ith (row) is the position and m is t

he order. For example, W24 means 0101 code in W4 matrix

In forward direction, each symbol is spread with Walsh code

Walsh code is used to distinguish the user in forward link


1 11 0


In forward direction, each symbol is spread with Walsh code

Walsh code is used to distinguish the user in forward link

For IS95A/B, in the reverse, every 6 symbols correspond to one Walsh

code. For example, if the symbol input is 110011,the output after spreading

is W5164 (110011=51).

For CDMA2000, in the reverse, Walsh function is used to define the type of

channel (RC 3-9)

Walsh CodeCDMA Techniques & Technologies


Variable Walsh codes

64

48

16

32

12

9600 19200 38400 76800 153600 307200 614400

Data rate -bps-

W01 =0

W02 =00

W12 =01

W04 =0000

W24 =0011

W14 =0101

W34 =0110

W08 =00000000

W48 =00001111

W28 =00110011

W68 =00111100

W18 =01010101

W58 =01011010

W38 =01100110

W78 =01101001

( W016 ,W8

16)

( W416 ,W12

16 )

( W216 ,W14

16 )

( W616 ,W14

16 )

( W116 ,W9

16 )

( W516 ,W13

16 )

( W316 ,W11

16 )

( W716 ,W15

16 )

The different Walsh codes corresponding to different data rates



Modulation-QPSK

I

Q

I channel PN sequence1.2288Mcps

Q channel PN sequence

1.2288Mcps

Baseband filter

Baseband filter

Cos(2pfct)

Sin(2pfct)

I(t)

Q(t)

s(t)A

1.2288Mcps: the PN chip rate of the system.

After being spread, all the forward channels in the same carrier are

modulated by means of QPSK(OQPSK in the reverse), converted

into simulation signals and transmitted after clustering.



Power Control

Handoff

Diversity and RAKE



Power Control

Reverse power control

Open loop power control

Closed loop power control

− Inner loop power control: 800 Hz

− Outer loop power control

Forward power control

Message transmission mode:

− threshold transmission

− periodic transmission

Closed loop power control

.



Reverse Open Loop Power Control

• The transmission power required by the mobile station is determined by

the following factors:

Distance from the base station

Load of the cell

Circumstance of the code channels

• The transmission power of the mobile station is relative to its received

power.

BTSMobile

Reverse Open LoopPower Control

BTS

BTS

Transmitting Power



Reverse Closed Loop Power Control

BTS

Power Control Bit

Eb/Nt Value FER Value

Inner Loop Power Control

Outer Loop Power Control

Change in Eb/Nt Value


BSC

BTS


Forward Power Control

MS measures the frame quality and informs the base station to the

result i.e. whether it is in the threshold or periodical mode. Base station

determines whether to change the forward transmitting power or not.


Message Transmission Mode

Fast power control

CDMA2000 uses

forward quick

power control.

Power Control Bit

Eb/Nt Value

BTS


Handoff

Soft handoff

It is a process of establishing a link with a target sector before breaking the link with the serving sector

Softer handoff

Like the soft handoff, but the handoff is occurred between multi-sectors in the same base station

Hard handoff

Hard handoff occurs when the two sectors are not synchronized or are not on the same frequency. Interruption in voice or data communication occurs but this interruption does not effect the user communication



Soft/Softer Handoff

• Multi-path combination in the BSC during soft handoff

• Multi-path combination in the BTS during softer handoffs

Combine all the power from each

sector

Power received from a single sector



Pilot Set

ActiveSet

CandidateSet

NeighborSet

Remaining Set

The pilot set, corresponding to the base station being connected

The pilot set, not in the active set but potential to be demodulated

The pilot set, not included in the active set or the candidate set but being possible to be added in the candidate set

Other pilot sets

the set of the pilots having same frequency but different PN sequence offset



T_ADD,T_DROP,T_TDROP

Time

Ec/Io

Sector A Sector

B

Guard Time(T-TDROP)

Add Threshold (T_ADD)

DropThreshold (T_DROP)

Soft Handoff Region

T_ADD, T_DROP and T_TDROP affect the percentage of MS in handoff.

T_ADD & T_DROP is the standards used to add or drop a pilot.

T_DROP is a timer.



Comparison Threshold

t0 t1 t2

Pilot P1

Pilot P2

Pilot P0

T_COMP×0.5dB

T_ADD

Pilot strength

P0-Strengh of Pilot P0 in Candidate Set.

P1,P2-Stength of Pilot P1,P2 in Active Set.

t0-Pilot strength Measurement Message Sent, P0>T_ADD

t1-Pilot strength Measurement Message Sent, P0>P1+T_COMP*0.5dB

t2 -Pilot strength Measurement Message Sent, P0>P2+T_COMP*0.5dB



Transition Between Pilot Sets

T_ADD

T_DROP

Pilot 1

Pilot strength

Pilot 2

T_TDROP

NeighborSet

CandidateSet

ActiveSet

NeighborSet

TIME1 2 3 4 5 6



Transmit Diversity

Time diversity

Block interleaving, error-correction

Frequency diversity

The CDMA signal energy is distributed on the whole 1.23MHZ

bandwidth.

Space diversity

The introduction of twin receive antennas .

The RAKE receivers of the mobile station and the base station can

combine the signals of different time delay.

During a handoff, the mobile station contacts multiple base stations

and searches for the strongest frame



Transmission Diversity

The forward transmission diversity types in CDMA2000 1X are

TD (Transmit Diversity)

− OTD (Orthogonal Transmit Diversity)

▪ The data stream is divided into two parts, which will be spread by the

orthogonal code sequence, and transmitted by two antennas.

− STS (Space Time Spreading)

▪ All the forward code channels are transmitted by the multi-antennas.

▪ Spread with the quasi-orthogonal code

Non-TD



The Principle of RAKE Receiver

RAKE antennas help to overcome on the multi-path fading and enhance

the receive performance of the system

Receive set

Correlator 1

Correlator 2

Correlator 3

Searcher correlator Calculate the time delay and signal strength

Combiner The combined signal

tt

s(t) s(t)



Course Contents



Chapter 3 CDMA Air interface



Physical Channel in IS-95A

Forward channel

Forward Pilot Channel

Forward Sync Channel

Forward Paging Channel

Forward Traffic Channel (including power control sub-channel)

Reverse channel

Access Channel

Reverse Traffic Channel

CDMA Air Interface


Pilot channel(all-zeros)

W064

Pilot Channel

pilot channel’s function:

Assist mobile station to be connected with CDMA network

Handles multi-path searching

Provide the phase reference for coherent demodulation and help the mobile station

estimate the transmission power

The mobile station measures and compares the pilot channel powers from the base

stations during the handoff

Forward pilot channel is spread over W0 and modulated with short code directly

BTS transmits the pilot channel continuously

CDMA Air Interface


Sync Channel

The sync channel is used by the mobile station to synchronize with the network. W32 is

used to spread Sync Channel.

The synchronization message includes:

− Pilot PN sequence offset: PILOT_PN

− System time: SYS_TIME

− Long code state: LC_STATE

− Paging channel rate: P_RAT

Here note that, sync channel rate is 1200bps

CDMA Air Interface T

o Q

PS

K co

der

2.4kbps 4.8kbps 4.8kbps

Code symbol

Repetitive code

symbol

1.2kbps

Convolution encoderr=1/2,K=9

symbol repetition

Block interleaving

W3264


Paging Channel

The paging channel transmits:

− System parameters message

− Access parameters

− Neighbors list

− CDMA channels list message

The paging channel accomplishes:

− Paging to MS

− Assign traffic channel to MS

The frame length of a paging channel is 20ms

W1 ~ W7 are spared for the Paging Channels spreading

CDMA Air Interface


Initialization of the MS

Search Frequency, Capture Pilot Channel, PN code synchronization

Synchronous Channel message contains the LC_STATE, SYS_TIME, P_RAT, and synchronizes with the

system.

Long Code synchronization

Holding at Paging Channel, receiving the system messages

Launch a call at Access Channel

CDMA Air Interface

BTS

Pilot channel

Synchronous channel

Paging channel

Access channel


CDMA2000 Forward Channel

Forward CDMA2000 channel

F-CACH F-CPCCH F-PICH F-CCCH

F-DCCH F-FCHF-PC F-SCCH F-SCH

F-PICH F-TDPICH F-APICH F-ATDPICH

F-SYNCH F-TCH F-BCH F-PCH F-QPCH

subchannel (RC1~2) (RC3~9)

Note: Only the channels with black color are being implemented in Huawei equipment. The function of F-PICH, F-SYNCH, F-FCH, F-PC, F-SCCH, F-PCH are the same as those of IS95. We will only discuss F-SCH, F-QPCH F-DCCH in the following slides.

CDMA Air Interface


Forward channel

These channels are newly defined in CDMA2000 system.

CDMA physical channels are classified in common channels and dedicated channels:

Common physical channels: Forward Pilot Channel(F-PICH)

Forward Synchronous Channel(F-SYNC)

Forward Paging Channel(F-PCH)

Forward Broadcast Control Channel(F-BCCH)

Forward Quick Paging Channel(F-QPCH)

Forward Common Power Control Channel(F-CPCCH)

Forward Common Assignment Channel(F-CACH)

Forward Common Control Channel(F-CCCH)

These channels are compatible with IS-95 system

Dedicated physical channel:

Forward Dedicated Control Channel(F-DCCH)

Forward Fundamental Channel(F-FCH)

Forward Supplemental Channel(F-SCH)

These channels are used to establish the connection between a base station and a

specific mobile station.

The CDMA2000 system adopts multiple data rates and the different combinations of

channels can achieve a performance superior to that in IS-95 system.

CDMA Air Interface


F-QPCH

It transmits OOK-modulated signal which can be demodulated by MS simply

and rapidly.

The channel adopts 80ms as a QPCH timeslot. Each timeslot is divided into

paging indicators, configuration change indicators and broadcast

indicators, all of which are utilized to inform the MS whether to receive

paging message, broadcast message or system parameters in the next F-

PCH.

Rapid and simple demodulation. MS no need to monitor F-PCH for long

time, so the standby time is prolonged.

CDMA Air Interface


F-SCH

F-SCH is typically used for high speed data applications, while F-

FCH is used for common voice and low speed data application.

When a data call is established, firstly, F-FCH will be allocated to

the user. If the speed of data for user exceeds 9.6kbps, F-SCH

will be allocated.

CDMA Air Interface


F-DCCH

It is used for the transmission of specific user signaling

information during a call.

Each forward traffic channel may contain one F-DCCH.

Support 5ms frame.

Support discontinuous transmission.

CDMA Air Interface


Forward Radio Configuration (RC)

Radio Configuration(RC):

A set of Forward Traffic channel and Reverse Traffic Channel transmission

formats that are characterized by physical parameters such as data rates,

modulation characteristics, and spreading rate.

Spreading Rate: Equivalent to chips rate, e.g., 1.2288Mcps.

Radio Configuration

Spreading Rate

Max Data Rate* (kbps)

Effective FEC Code Rate

OTD Allowed

FEC Encoding Modulation

1** 1 9.6 1/2 No Conv. BPSK 2** 1 14.4 3/4 No Conv BPSK

3 1 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK4 1 307.2 1/2 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK5 1 230.4 3/8 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK6 3 307.2 1/6 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK7 3 614.4 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK8 3 460.8 1/4 or 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK9 3 1036.8 1/2or 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK

CDMA Air Interface


Reverse Channel

Reverse CDMA2000 channel

R-ACHR-TCH

operation(RC1~2)

R-EACH operation

R-CCCH operation

R-SCCH

R-FCH

R-TCH operation (RC3~6)

R-EACH

R-PICH

R-CCCH

R-PICH

R-DCCH

R-PICH

0~7 0~1

R-SCH

R-FCH

0~2

0~1

subchannel

R-PC

Only the channels in dark color are used in Huawei equipment. The function of R-ACH,R-FCH,R-SCCH are the same as those in IS95. We will only discuss R-PICH in the following slides.

CDMA Air Interface


Types of Reverse Channel

Reverse channel includes reverse common channel and reverse

dedicated channel.

Reverse common channel:

Reverse Access Channel(R-ACH)

Reverse Enhanced Access Channel(R-EACH)

Reverse Common Control Channel(R-CCCH)

Reverse Dedicated Channel

Reverse Pilot Channel(R-PICH)

Reverse Dedicated Control Channel(R-DCCH)

Reverse Fundamental Channel(R-FCH)

Reverse Supplemental Channel(R-SCH)

Reverse Supplemental Code Channel (R-SCCH)

CDMA Air Interface


MUX A

Pilot( all '0's)

Power Control Bit

N is the Spreading Rate number

Pilot PowerControl

Power Control Group= 1536 NPN Chips

384 NPN Chips

Reverse Pilot Channel

R-PICH

The Function of Reverse Pilot Channel

Initialization

Tracing

Reverse Coherent Demodulation

Power Control Measurement

Base station enhances the received

performance and increases the capacity by

means of coherent demodulation of the Reverse

Pilot Channel.

CDMA Air Interface


Reverse Channels

Fundamental Channel:

Fundamental Channel is used for the transmission of user information

to the base station during a call, and can be used to transmit defaulted

voice services as an independent Traffic Channel.

Dedicated Control Channel

The Dedicated Control Channel is used for the transmission of user

and signaling information to a base station during a call.

Supplemental Channel/Supplemental Code Channel

These channels are used for the transmission of user information,

mainly data services, to the MS. The Reverse Traffic Channel contains

up to two supplemental channels and up to seven supplemental code

channels.

CDMA Air Interface


Reverse Radio Configuration (RC)

RC: Radio Configuration

RC1~RC2:IS-95A/B

RC3~RC4:CDMA2000 1X

RC5~RC6: CDMA2000 3x

RadioConfiguration

SpreadingRate

Max Data Rate*(kbps)

Effective FECCode Rate

OTDAllowed

FEC Encoding Modulation

1** 1 9.6 1/3 No Conv 64-ary ortho 2** 1 14.4 1/2 No Conv 64-ary ortho

3 1 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK(307.2) (1/2)

4 1 230.4 3.8 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK5 3 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK

(614.4) (1/3)6 3 460.8 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK

(1036.8) (1/2)

** Same as IS95

CDMA Air Interface


RC 1

RC 2

RC 3

RC 4

RC 5

RC 1

RC 2

RC 3

RC 4

RC 5

RC 3

RC 4

RC 4

RC 3

F-FCH RCs

R-DCCH/SCH RCsF-DCCH/SCH RCs

R-FCH RCs

RC Combination Regulation

RC1 and RC2 corresponds respectively to

rate set 1 and rate set 2 in IS- 95A/B system.

CDMA2000 Forward RC: RC1~RC5

Reverse RC: RC1~RC4

Rules:

Forward RC1, Reverse RC1


Forward RC3 or RC4,Reverse RC3


CDMA Air Interface


Course Contents



Chapter 3 CDMA Air Interface



Definition of Coverage Areas

Location area

MSC area

PLMN area

Service area

Sectorarea

CDMA Number Planning

Cell area


Parameters Involved

In a CDMA system, the following parameters are defined to

identify a user and his location:

MIN/IMSI

MDN

ESN

TLDN

SID/NID

LAI

GCI



MIN/IMSI

Mobile subscriber identity/international mobile subscriber identity

For example, 0907550001/460030907550001

Not more than 15 digits

3 digits 2 digits

IMSI

MCC MNC MSIN

NMSI



MDN

CC + MAC + H 0H 1H 2H 3 + ABCD

International mobile subscriber DN

National valid mobile subscriber number

Mobile directory number

For example, 8613307550001



ESN

A unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used to identify single

MS. An ESN includes 32 bits and has the following structure:

31......24 23......18 17......0 bit

Manufacturer’s number retained equipment SN

For example, FD 03 78 0A (the 10th Motorola 378 mobile phone)

The equipment serial number is allocated by a manufacturer.



TLDN

+CC MAC H0H 1H2 ABC+ ++44

Temporary local directory number

For example, 8613344755001



SID/NID

MSCID (Exchange Identity)

= System Identity (SID) + Exchange number (SWIN)

is used to represent a certain set of equipment in an NSS network. For example,

Unicom CDMA Shenzhen MSC is labeled as 3755+01



Location Area Identity (LAI)

PAGING message is broadcast within a local area, the size of which depends on

traffic, paging bearer capability, signaling flow , etc.

Format: MCC+MNC+LAC

MCC: Mobile Country Code, 3 digits. For example, China is 460.

MNC: Mobile Network Code, 2 digits. For example, the MNC of

Unicom is 03.

LAC: Location Area Code, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code.

0000 cannot be used with FFFE.

For example, 460030100



Global Cell Identity (GCI)

The unique ID of a cell in PLMN

Format: LAI+CI

CI: Cell Identity, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code, pre defined

by the engineering department. The first 3 digits and the last digit

represent the base station number and the sector number

respectively. For an omni-directional site, the last digit of CI is 0.

For example, 4600301001230 shows base station number 123

contains an omni-directional site



Voice Channel Routing

TMSC1

TMSC2

MSC

TMSC1

MSC

TSI international office



Signaling Route

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

HSTP&LSTP

SP



Example of Signaling Network

Route from an LSTP to the LSTP not located in this macro cell

HLR in Chongqin to MSC in Fujian (two LSTPs

respectively at the transmit end and receive end)

H1 in Chengdu

H1 in Shanghai

H2 in Chongqin

H2 in Shanghai

L1 in Chongqin

L2 in Chongqin

L1 in Fuzhou

L2 in Fuzhou

HLR in Chongqin

MSC in Fuzhou



Summary Brief Development History of Mobile Communication

Analog--digital--code division

3 standards for 3G systems

Technical features of CDMA

Key technologies: power control, soft handoff,RAKE receiver

Other technologies: source coding, channel coding, interleaving, scrambling, spreading and modulation

Channel structure: pilot, synchronization, paging, access and service


Questions What power control modes are there in CDMA2000 system

and how are they implemented?

Describe the soft handoff process?

Describe the initialization process of a mobile phone?

What are the functions of a long code, short code and Walsh

code in CDMA system?

Thank you!www.huawei.com

C-CF CDMA2000 Principle-20071030-A-3.0

Documents

cdma air interface

cdma techniques

cdma number planning

dedicated control channel

power control bit

reverse pilot channel

forward pilot channel

reverse traffic channel