C Block Please move the desks into a u-shape. DO NOW: “Calvin & Hobbes” 4 minutes What do you think this cartoon means? Why show it in this class? Please.

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Slide 2 C Block Please move the desks into a u-shape. Slide 3 DO NOW: Calvin & Hobbes 4 minutes What do you think this cartoon means? Why show it in this class? Please write in full sentences. Slide 4 I. What is philosophy? A.Philosophy is 1.An activity (demonstration) 2.Rational inquiry 3.Comprehensive view of reality and our place in it 4.Goal: systematic world view Slide 5 A.Philosophy is, continued 5.Traditional definition: love of wisdom 6.Examples a)Nancy the thief b)Zenos paradox I. What is philosophy? Slide 6 B. Areas of inquiry/what Philosophers think about 1.What is there? 2.What can be known? 3.How should life be lived? 4.What is good reasoning? I. What is philosophy? Slide 7 C. Names of branches 1.Metaphysics a)What is there? b)What is a thing? c)How do parts make a whole? d)What are numbers? e)What is a person? f)Why is there something rather than nothing? Slide 8 I. What is philosophy? 2.Epistemology a)What is knowledge? b)How is knowledge different from belief? c)Can we know anything without experience? Slide 9 I. What is philosophy? 3.Ethics a)How should life be lived? b)Is war ever justified? c)Is lying always wrong? d)Is abortion ever acceptable? e)Do we have moral duties to other people? Slide 10 I. Unit 1: What is philosophy? 4.Aesthetics A.What is art? B.What does it mean to call something beautiful? 1.A person? 2.A flower? 3.A house? 4.A mathematical proof? Slide 11 I. Unit 1: What is philosophy? 5.Logic a)Good reasoning b)Logical fallacies c)Rules of correct reasoning d)Conclusions that follow premises Slide 12 I. What is philosophy? 6.Philosophy of Language a)How does language work? b)How do words have meaning? c)How do words refer to the world? d)Is language merely a game? Slide 13 1.Should good and bad be determined by custom, law or some other person/concept? 2.What makes some art beautiful and other art ugly? 3.Can words have meaning other than what the speaker intends? 4.How can I know that you are conscious like I am? DO NOW: Four questions 3 minutes Here are four questions. Write which branch of philosophy the question represents. Slide 14 DO NOW: Baby Eric 8 minutes Warm up your philosophical brain. Take a handout from the chair. You will have eight minutes to complete the task before we share answers. You may discuss your ideas with one buddy as you work. Slide 15 Slide 16 II. The love of wisdom A.Triple-A-Skill Set 1.Analysis a.What do I really want? b.What is life about? c.What can make me happy? Slide 17 II. The love of wisdom 2.Assessment a)To examine and decide among proposals b)How to assess 1Is it coherent? 2Is it complete? 3Is it correct? Slide 18 II. The love of wisdom 3.Argument a)Reasoned presentation of ideas, using evidence, in favor of a conclusion b)Reason Slide 19 II. The love of wisdom c)Why do arguments fail? 1)Differ on evidence 2)Blind to truth 3)Refuse to listen 4)Emotion and logic in conflict Slide 20 DO NOW: Failed Arguments 10 minutes Give examples of arguments in which these things happened. Be willing to share with the class. You may work in groups of two. 1)Differ on evidence 2)Blind to truth 3)Refuse to listen 4)Emotion and logic in conflict Slide 21 Homework Go to www.philoteacher.wordpress.com and go to the page World View Spring 2012 www.philoteacher.wordpress.com Slide 22 C block: Please move the desks back into a U-shape. If everyone moves one or two desks, nobody will have to work too hard. Your recent notes & DO NOWs are graded and on the front chair. Find your work in the pile, please, if you want to use it for notes today. Slide 23 Do Now Cow in the Field 3 min A farmer is worried his cow is lost. When the mailman comes, he tells the farmer not to worry, because hes seen that the cow nearby. The farmer takes a look for himself, sees the familiar black and white shape of his cow, and is satisfied that he knows the cow is there. Later on, the mailman stops at the field to double-check. The cow is indeed there, but its hidden behind trees. There is also a large sheet of black and white paper caught in a tree, and it is obvious that the farmer mistook it for his cow. The question, then: even though the cow was in the field, was the farmer correct when he said he knew it was there? Slide 24 Chapters 4 6 Epistemology How do we know? Platos parable of the cave Slide 25 Knowledge of things we see Slide 26 Do Now Hadron Collider 4 minutes Scientific Knowledge: What does this cartoon suggest about science or experiments and knowledge? You may talk with a friend, but both of you must write your answers. Slide 27 Watch JonestownJonestown What types of knowledge were involved? Slide 28 C Block Please move the desks into a u-shape. Slide 29 DO NOW Simpsons 1 minutes What idea in epistemology is Bart Simpson referring to? In other words, how does Bart say people can prove things? Slide 30 Bad news Slide 31 Do Now Cyberbaby 2 min. What does this picture suggest about the limits of our knowledge? Explain. Slide 32 The Challenge of Skepticism Source Skepticism Beliefs about the past Testimony Circular: When I was young, my parents told me that other people can usually be trusted. My parents told me Slide 33 Other examples of circular reasoning "If such actions were not illegal, then they would not be prohibited by the law." "The belief in God is universal. After all, everyone believes in God." Interviewer: "Your resume looks impressive but I need another reference." Bill: "Jill can give me a good reference." Interviewer: "Good. But how do I know that Jill is trustworthy?" Bill: "Certainly. I can vouch for her." Slide 34 Other examples of circular reasoning Interviewer: "Your resume looks impressive but I need another reference. Bill: "Jill can give me a good reference. Interviewer: "Good. But how do I know that Jill is trustworthy? Bill: "Certainly. I can vouch for her." Slide 35 Do Now 2 minutes Circular Reasoning Write two or more examples of circular reasoning. Slide 36 The Challenge of Skepticism Source Skepticism Memory I remember my memory being reliable Circular reasoning (appeal to memory to justify memory) Slide 37 The challenge of skepticism Beliefs about the present Comes to use from testimony already problematic Comes to use from sense experience Memory already problematic Circular sense experience I can recall many times in the past seeming to see something, like a penny on the street, and when I got closer, there it was, just as it had appeared to be. Slide 38 The invisible gorilla http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_m_9N_3u7o Invisible Dog video Slide 39 Do Now The Unexpected 3 minutes Have you ever seen something that you never expected to see and had trouble explaining it? Slide 40 The challenge of skepticism Beliefs about the future Plagued by the same problems or worse! Slide 41 Radical skepticism Bertrand Russell: The Five Minute Hypothesis The entire universe sprang into existence from nothing five minutes ago, exactly as it then was, apparent fossils in the ground, wrinkles on peoples faces, and other signs of age all instantly formed and thoroughly deceptive. All of my memories are false. We cannot produce any evidence that this hypothesis is false. We should withhold judgment. Slide 42 RADICAL SKEPTICISM 2. Rene Descartes: dream/delusion/evil demon Everything that I think I experience now is just part of a big dream or delusion. We cannot produce any evidence that this hypothesis is false. 3. Future Nihilism - radical skepticism about the future The future does not yet exist In order for a belief to be true, the object about which it is true must be among the furniture of reality it MUST exist The future does not yet exist it is a void Slide 43 Do Now Your turn at skepticism 6 minutes DO NOW: Work with a partner. Imagine your own radical skepticism scenario. Write it on your DO NOW paper. Slide 44 Slide 45 Do Now: English Muffin 4 minutes What in the world??? Slide 46 Epistemology - Ways of Knowing Empiricism Sense experience is the ultimate starting point for all of our knowledge Slide 47 Epistemology - Ways of Knowing Empiricism (perception) Slide 48 Slide 49 Epistemology - Ways of Knowing Rationalism The starting point for knowledge is not the senses but reason. Without categories and principles in our mind, we could not organize sensory information. Slide 50 Rationalism Slide 51 Innate knowledge - Mental categories: Cause and effect Slide 52 Slide 53 Innate knowledge - Mental categories: time Slide 54 Self-evident proposition Propositions (statements) that we see as true without further explanation. Any surface that is red is colored. If A is greater than B and B is greater than C, then A is greater than C. Slide 55 Do Now: Self evident Below are five statements. Write SE if the statement is self-evident. Write n if it is not. You do not need to copy the statements. 1. Anything that is alive is not dead. 2. When we are hungry, we should eat food. 3. Anything that is yellow is a color. 4. Anything that takes up space has mass. 5. Dogs are smarter than cats. Slide 56 Do Now: How can we know? 12 minutes 1. Work in groups of threes. 2. Work out a plan on how you think you can know things. 3. Come to your own conclusions. Do you side with the rationalist or the empiricist or neither? Explain why and give examples. (Maybe there are other sources of knowledge?) Slide 57 Do Now: The Truman Show 1. How is The Truman Show about epistemology? 2. What is truth for Truman? 3. What does Truman know? Slide 58 Do Now: Move desks back into u- shape. Prepare yourself to finish last weeks DO NOW presentations on The Truman Show. Slide 59 Slide 60 DO NOW: Prepare yourself for the last group to talk about The Truman Show. Slide 61 Ways of Knowing Rationalism appeals to reason Slide 62 Rationalism or empiricism? Slide 63 Slide 64 Slide 65 Slide 66 Slide 67 Knowledge: Properly Justified True Belief Three elements: 1) Properly justified 2) True 3) Belief Slide 68 DO NOW: 4 minutes Below are a list of possible beliefs that Truman might have at the beginning of the movie. Finish the chart following the pattern. Possible beliefProperly Justified TrueBelief Truman can come and go from Seahaven as he wants. YesNoYes Trumans father is dead. There is a director controlling Trumans life. Trumans wife loves him. Trumans mother is an actress. Seahaven is not the real world. It is a world created by Christof. Slide 69 DO NOW: 12 minutes Complete the bubbles in the Foxtrot cartoon to make it reflect your view of knowledge in some way. We will be sharing answers when done. Slide 70 DO NOW: 7 minutes If knowledge is properly justified true belief, what is the hardest part to determine? Explain and give two examples. You may work with one partner. Write your answers on both papers. Slide 71