中华预防医学杂志 2019 年4 月第 53 卷第4 期 Chin J Prev Med, April 2019, Vol. 53, No. 4 · 述评 · 水合状态与健康 马冠生 北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系 北京大学食品安全毒理学研究与评价 北京市重点实验室 100191 通信作者:马冠生, Email: [email protected],电话: 010⁃82805266 【摘要】 水是人体的重要组成成分,并发挥着多种重要的生理作用。人体水的摄入和排出处于 一种动态平衡。水摄入不足将会影响人体的水合状态,进而影响认知和健康,因此维持适宜水合状态 对于维持和促进机体健康具有重要意义。判断身体水合状态指标有很多,包括尿液、血液指标等,通 过判断自身水合状态,及时补充水分,促使机体处于适宜水合状态具有重要意义。我国不同人群中饮 水不足的情况较为普遍,但尚未引起足够的重视,需要进行相应的健康宣教。 【关键词】 水; 水合状态; 健康 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金( 81673146 ) DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253⁃9624.2019.04.001 Hydration status and health Ma Guansheng Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University / Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Corresponding author: Ma Guansheng, Email: [email protected], Tel: 0086⁃10⁃82805266 【Abstract】 Water is an important component of human body and plays a variety of important physiological roles. The intake and discharge of human water is in a dynamic equilibrium. Insufficient water intake will affect the hydration status of human body, which in turn affects cognition and health. Therefore, maintaining proper hydration status is of great importance for maintaining and promoting the health of the body. There were many indicators to evaluate the hydration status of body, including urine and blood plasma biomarkers. It is of great significance to evaluate the hydration status of body, keep the body in a suitable hydration status by replenishing water in time. The lack of drinking water in different populations in China is common, but it has not yet received enough attention and needs to carry out corresponding health education. 【Key words】 Water; Hydration status; Health Fund program: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673146) DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253⁃9624.2019.04.001 水是维护生命所必需的,是人体的重要组成成 分之一,并且发挥着多种生理作用。人体内的水处 于一种动态平衡状态,即水的摄入和排出形成一种 动态平衡。否则,就会影响正常的生理功能,甚至 健康。水摄入不足或水分丢失过多,会使机体处于 脱水状态,影响认知能力和体能,增加患泌尿系统 疾病的风险。如果水摄入量超过了肾脏的排出能 力( 0.7~1.0 L/h ),可引起急性水中毒。 一、水的生理功能 水是机体生存和发展所必需的一种营养物质。 不摄入水,生命只能维持数日;摄入水而不摄入食 物时,生命可维持数周 [1 ] 。 水是机体内含量最多的物质,是构成身体的重 要成分,约占成人体重的 60%~70%。人体的水可 分成细胞内液和细胞外液两部分,其中细胞内液主 要分布在细胞内,约占体内总水量的 2/3;分布在细 胞外的水分称为细胞外液,包括血浆、组织液、淋巴 液和脑脊液,约占体内总水量的 1/3 [1 ] 。正常细胞 通过细胞膜进行细胞内液和细胞外液之间的物质 交换,以维持细胞生命活动的进行。 水参与人体内的新陈代谢活动。水具有较强 的溶解力和电解力,是营养物质代谢的载体,在消 化、吸收、循环和排泄过程中,促进营养物质的吸 收、运送和排出。体液正常渗透压及电解质平衡的 维持也离不开水。水还可以调节体温,经皮肤蒸发水 分散热是维持机体体温恒定的重要途径。水对器官、 · · 337
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Hydration status and healthMa GuanshengDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University / Laboratory ofToxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaCorresponding author: Ma Guansheng, Email: [email protected], Tel: 0086⁃10⁃82805266
【Abstract】 Water is an important component of human body and plays a variety of importantphysiological roles. The intake and discharge of human water is in a dynamic equilibrium. Insufficient waterintake will affect the hydration status of human body, which in turn affects cognition and health. Therefore,maintaining proper hydration status is of great importance for maintaining and promoting the health of thebody. There were many indicators to evaluate the hydration status of body, including urine and blood plasmabiomarkers. It is of great significance to evaluate the hydration status of body, keep the body in a suitablehydration status by replenishing water in time. The lack of drinking water in different populations in China iscommon, but it has not yet received enough attention and needs to carry out corresponding health education.
【Key words】 Water; Hydration status; HealthFund program: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673146)DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253⁃9624.2019.04.001
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