Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire

A.D. 395 – A.D. 1589

Byzantine Empire’s Growth

Justinian- Emperor 527-565 Preserved the Roman law Justinian Code

Crime Marriage Property slavery

Justinian’s Advisors

Theodora Wife Women got more rights

Divorce Own property = to dowry

Belisarius General of Army Experienced Crushed the Nika Revolt

Strengths of the Empire

All-powerful emperorStrong central governmentOfficials were: Skilled Efficient Well paid

Strong military Strong Navy “greek fire”

Strength’s con’t

Constantinople Strategically located

Imperial tax policies Raised $$$

Byzantine Culture

Cyrul & Methodius Missionaries to Slavs Created alphabet-Cyrillic

Art Murals & icons Subject: religion

Architecture Hagia Sophia-church in Constantinople

Round dome on rectangle building

Decline of Empire

Justinian’s death-565War w/ PersiansOttoman Turks

The Christian Church

East & West had different ideas about church practicesPope Most powerful leader in the West Was not recognized as leader by

Byzantine’s

Patriarch Most powerful leader in the East

The Rise of Russia

Geography Large plain stretching across E. Europe &

Central Asia Carpathian mountains – Ural mountians Steppe Eurasia Rivers: Dniester, Dnieper & Don –flow into

Black Sea Other rivers: Vistula, Neman & Dvina

People of Russia

SlavsAvarsHunsMagyarsVikings

Keivan Russia

A.D. 879- A.D. 1240People: Rus Leader: Rurik

Cities: Novgorod Kiev

Region came to be known as Rus (Russia)

Kiev

Located along rich trade routeMost important principalityCapitalTraded with Byzantine Empire

Government of Kievan Russia

Led by princesBoyersVecheYaroslav I Wise Built many churches Introduced Russia’s 1st code of laws

Pravda Russkia

Religion of Keivan Russia

Missionaries brought Christianity-A.D. 800’sVladimir I Ruler Impressed w/ Hagia Sophia Converted to Christianity Anna-wanted to marry her Ordered all Keivans to become Christians Destroyed pagan stutues

Economy of Kiev

Two major agricultural regions Taiga

Great forests Much rainfall Winters long & cold Short growing season

Steppe Less rain Milder climate Longer growing season

Economy continued

Traded w/ Byzantines Agricultural goods Wood Iron Salt Furs Honey

Kievan Social Classes

Princes Boyers

Town artisans & merchants

Peasants Largest and lowest class

Lived in small villages

Clergy Performed religious ceremonies Ran hospitals

Attacks on Kiev

Polovtsy (Turkish people) Interfered with Kiev’s trade

Italian city-states developed new trade routesMongols invade Kiev Conquered or destroyed every Kievan

Russian city

Mongols rule Kievan Russia

Put a heavy tax on peopleBuilt important roadsImproved communicationRussian language came into existance

Moscow

Muscovy A.D. 1300Prince Ivan I Cooperated with the mongols

Orthodox church moved to MoscowIvan III 1462-1505 Ivan the Great Became independent of Mongols rule United many principalities

Growth of church

Acquired landChurch was a major land ownerChurch leader was patriarchConstantinople fallsMoscow declared “third Rome”

Ivan the Terrible

3 yrs old becomes ruler= 15331547 –took power for himselfConsidered to be the true heir of Roman & Byzantine EmpireTook title of CzarDeveloped a legal codeOprichnikiDestroy city of NovgorodMurdered oldest son