By, S.Charanya, M.Sc.IT,Ist Yr. Adhiparashakthi Arts and Science College,Kalavai.

Presentation on, EVOLUTION OF

By,S.Charanya,M.Sc.IT,Ist Yr.Adhiparashakthi Arts and Science College,Kalavai.

Lets have an INTRO…• The 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless

standards.• It is used broadly to include several type of

broadband wireless access communication not only cellular telephone system.

• 4G is a IP-based heterogeneous network.• One of the term used to describe 4G is “MAGIC”,• M-Mobile Multimedia• A-Anytime anywhere• G-Global mobility Support• I-Integrated wireless solution and• C-Customized personal service

The Evolution Starts..!

First generation cellular communication(1G)

• 1G was analog system and was developed in 1970. It had two major improvements,

1.The invention of the microprocessor 2.Digital transform of control link between phone and

the cell sides . 3.It was based on FDMA, it allows users to make voice

calls within a country.

• DRAWBACKS:1.Poor voice quality. 2.Poor battery life.3.Large phones size.4.Limited capacity and poor handoff reliability.

Second generation cellular communication(2G)

• 2G phones using global system for mobile communication(GSM) and was developed in 1990’s,that provides voice and limited data services and uses digital modulation for modulation for improved audio quality.

• It was based on CDMA.The development of 2G cellular system was driven by the

need to improved . 1.Transmission quality.2.System capacity.• It means the demands for the following 3.Fax.4.Short messages.5.Data transmission going rapidly.

Drawbacks of 2G

•GSM is a circuit switch , connection oriented technology , where the end systems are dedicated for the entire systems.

•This caused inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and resources.

Third generation cellular communication(3G)•3G technology adds multimedia facilities

to 2G phones by allowing videos ,audios and graphic applications.

•Over 3G phones, we can watch streaming video are have video telephone.

•More bandwidth, security and reliability.•High rata rates.•Rich multimedia services.•Interoperability between service

providers.

Drawbacks of 3G

•Expensive input fees for the 3G service lisences.

•Numerous differences in the lisencing terms.

•It’s a challege to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G.

•Expense of 3G phones.•Lack of buy-in-buy in by 3Gmmobile users

for the new 3G wireless service.

Here Comes 4G…• The fourth generation(4G) technology is the fastest technology

provide for data transfer.• What Is 4g?•                 4G if fourth generation telecommunication systems. It

provides a comprehensive solution for voice; data transfer so that this type of data can be transferred for user anywhere, anytime and more efficiently than of the previous technologies.

• Why 4g?•                 Let us have a look at the reasons for evolution of 4G.

3G the previous technology used for data transfer was insufficient in some areas like support for multi-media application, wireless teleconferencing, and full motion video. The operation of 3G across network was difficult for it. There was a need of global service and portability. The data packets needed to utilize the IP in its fullest form.

Comparison with generations.

4G’s Designation.•The first commercial deployment was by Telia Sonera and NetCom•Telia Sonera branded the network “4G”•The modem devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710)•The network infrastructure were created by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm)•4G is LTE based.i.e.LTE is a 4G wireless communications standard developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) that's designed to provide up to 10x the speeds of 3G networks for mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, netbooks, notebooks and wireless hotspots.

4G-LteLong Term Evolution (LTE) is a radio platform technology that will allow operators to achieve even higher peak throughputs than HSPA+ in higher spectrum bandwidth.The overall objective for LTE is to provide an extremely high performance radio-access technology that offers full vehicular speed mobility and that can readily coexist with HSPA and earlier networks. Because of scalable bandwidth, operators will be able to easily migrate their networks and users from HSPA to LTE over time.LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture and is designed to support voice in the packet domain.

The Current impact.

Features Of 4g

• a.)    4G provides the data rate of 100Mbits/sfor moving device and 1Gbit/s for low stationary objects.

• b.)     Between two points the minimum data rate is 100Mbits/s.

• c.)     The bandwidth between 5 and 20 MHz is most flexible bandwidth for 4G but default it is provided till 40 MHz’s.

• d.)    All the IP packets in data transfer us IPv6.• e.)    4G provides global roaming all over the world.• f.)     Operating internet with the current operator on

your device is easy with current wireless connection.

•The wireless bandwidth will be roughly 3Mbps/1.5Mbps; but this is nowhere near the +100Mbps/50Mbps that LTE promises

• It has helped to provide the portable internet connection throughout the cities for various devices. It provides DSL cable option to provide to service to miles. It provide telecommunication, IPTV service.

Key 4g Technologies

• a.)    OFDM• OFDM stands for orthogonal frequency

Division Multiplexing. It is most profitable to physical layer. It also provide framework to improvise the performance of the second layer.

• b.)    SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO• It helps to develop a good standard of

base station. And use the radio technology usage for accessing the internet.

• c.)     MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT

• It improvises the quality of signals being sent from transmitter to receiver or from one device to another. It multiplexes the signals between the antennas.

• d.)    HANDOVER AND MOBILITY• This technology is the mobile IP based

technology.

Special Feature with 4G

•Possible Threats that are avoided:1. Spoofing2. Eavesdropping3. Phishing4. SIP registration hijacking

4G too have some drawbacks.•Lack of coverage,because it is still a new

service.•High power usage.

Conclusion• Nowadays, wireless technology is getting popular and

important in the network and the Internet field. In this paper, I briefly introduced the history background of 1G to 5G, compared the differences of 3G and 4G, and illustrated how 4G may work for more convenient and powerful in the future. 4G just right started from 2002 and there are many standards and technologies, which are still in developing process. Therefore, no one can really sure what the future 4G will look like and what services it will offer to people. However, we can get the general idea about 4G from academic research; 4G is the evolution based on 3G’s limitation and it will fulfill the idea of WWWW, World Wide Wireless Web, offering more services and smooth global roaming with inexpensive cost.