Engineering Reliability Project Samer Sulaeman Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera Michigan State University Department of Electrical and Computer engineering East Lansing, Michigan Alternative Energy Proposal to Increase the MSU Power Grid Reliability By Samer Sulaeman & Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera Dr. J. Mitra ECE 802, Engineering Reliability final project Final Project
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Engineering Reliability Project Samer Sulaeman Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera
Michigan State University Department of Electrical and Computer engineering
East Lansing, Michigan
Alternative Energy Proposal to Increase the MSU Power Grid Reliability
By
Samer Sulaeman &
Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera
Dr. J. Mitra ECE 802, Engineering Reliability final project
Final Project
Engineering Reliability Project Samer Sulaeman Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera
1.1 Summary
In this project more attention is given to implement reliability evaluation for a small power
system, providing renewable energy source to feed Michigan State university campus as a proposal for
future reliability analysis. Reliability evaluation for the existing system has been evaluated and
compared to the reliability evaluation of the proposed system for a different configurations, the system
reliability of the existing power supply increased. The evaluation carried out through three stages, first
stage evaluating the existing power supply, in the second stage the evaluation carried out by adding
renewable energy source to the existing system. Finally, reliability evaluation for the utility grid and
renewable energy source configuration has bas been evaluated and compared to existing power system.
It’s been proved in this project that providing a renewable energy source will increase system
reliability and will help to reduce pollution and harmful emissions, even tough; the renewable energy
can only meet a partial of the load capacity and demand. Future research can help to investigate the
possibility of applying renewable energy sources in terms of cost, power capacity and availability, which
can be carried out by implementing reliability evaluation.
1.2 Introduction
The term of reliability can be applied to any functional system, the definition of system
reliability is the probability of the system to carry out its planned function for a particular time interval
under stated conditions [1]. For this project, applying reliability evaluation methods will be limited to the
available data for the system components. The Michigan State university power generator and utility
grid will be presented as main system components for reliability evaluation. In this report the existing
Michigan State power system is evaluated and compared to a new system configuration. The proposed
system is based on the addition of alternative energy to the current power system. It is shown by means
of calculations that the proposed method increases the system reliability. Furthermore, there are
additional benefits of using alternative energy, such as lower emissions that contribute to
environmental issues.
Recently more attention has been given to the renewable energy resources as alternative clean
source of energy to reduce the impact of co2, co and other emissions that contribute to the global
warming and climate changes. The majority of the US electric power comes from burning fossil fuels,
i.e., coal, oil, natural gas and from nuclear power. According to the government data released by
Environment Michigan, Michigan’s power plants rank 13th nationwide for most carbon dioxide (CO2)
pollution. [2].
Michigan state University power plant consumes 250,000 tons of coal and 340 million cubic feet
of natural gas this produce around 175.55 tons of CO yearly to produce 250 MW of electricity and to
operate other facilities.[3]. Obtaining a greener power source of energy will help to reduce the emission,
which is the goal of Michigan State, as stated in their lemma, be green.
Engineering Reliability Project Samer Sulaeman Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera
1.3 project limitation
In this project there are many limitations the may affect on the evaluation results, therefore, the
analysis are carried out based on available information. Some of these limitations are:
1. Availability of data
2. Accuracy of available Data
3. Time limit for this project
2.1 Research Aim
The aim of this project is to evaluate the current Michigan State University Power network configuration, shown on figure 2. Then, proposing incorporation of renewable energy to the existing
network and compare both systems reliabilities and benefits. In this report we are proposing to add an alternative energy source, such as solar power generation or wind energy turbine to the existing power network. It is expected that the system reliability will be much higher, in addition to other benefits will be highly considered.
2.2 Modeling and methodology
The proposed system reliability block diagram is shown on figure 1. And transient state diagram is
shown in figure 2.The proposed power network is composed of three separated power sources, two of
them burn fossil fuels and the clean and green renewable energy source. It is expected that the new
system will:
Be more Reliable
Possibility and capability of Reducing emissions
Have long term benefits, the extra power from the renewable sources translate to less fossil fuel burning and less maintenance cost
MSU Power
Plant
Power
Grid
Renewable
Energy
Source
S t
Figure 1: Proposed Power Network reliability block diagram
Engineering Reliability Project Samer Sulaeman Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera
The transition state diagram for this system is representing by the following figure, Where the
state so representing the only failure state.
Figure 2: Transition state diagram
Gm Gg
G T L
µRE µ Gm
µ Gg
λ Gg
Gm
µ Gm µ RE
Gg RE λ RE
λ RE
λ Gm
λGm
µGg λGg
µ Gg
𝑮𝒈 RE
Gm
µ RE µ Gm
λ Gg
Gm Gg
µ RE λ RE
λ Gm
µ Gm
λ Gg
µ Gg
Failure
state
λ Gm
λ RE
Gg
Engineering Reliability Project Samer Sulaeman Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera
In the transition diagram is shown how the system fails if an only if the three components fail.
The existing power network at Michigan State University is composed by its Power Generation
plant and assisted by the power grid, as shown on figure 1.
MSU Power Plant
Power GridLoad
Fig 2: Existing Power System
The Reliability Block Diagram for the existing power network is basically a two block parallel
system, where failure occurs only when both power sources fail.
MSU Power
Plant
Power
Grid
StBlock 1
Block 2
Fig 2b: Reliability Block Diagram for the
existing MSU Power System
Engineering Reliability Project Samer Sulaeman Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera
The reliability information is given in the following table:
Parameter Power Grid MSU Power Plant
𝝀 0.087𝑑𝑎𝑦 0.099
𝑑𝑎𝑦
MDT 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝝁 1𝑑𝑎𝑦 1
𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑷 𝑃 =𝜇
𝜇 + 𝜆= 0.92 𝑃 =
𝜇
𝜇 + 𝜆= 0.91
𝑸 𝑄 = 1 − 𝑃 = 0.08 𝑄 = 1 − 𝑃 = 0.09
Table 1: MSU and Power Grid reliability information. [1]
Reliability and system indices are calculated using the reliability bock diagrams technique. The
block diagram shown figure 2b, we will be used to apply parallel reduction blocks.
3.1 Reliability Evaluation
For parallel systems, the system is unavailable only when all the components are down,
then the equivalent unavailability of the system is given by:
𝑈𝑛𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑈𝑃𝑠𝑦𝑠 = 𝑈𝑖 = 𝑈𝑀𝑆𝑈 ∙ 𝑈𝑃𝐺
2
𝑖=1
= 0.09 ∗ 0.08 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟐
Then the probability of been UP or Availability is given by:
𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝐴𝑃𝑠𝑦𝑠 = 1 − 𝑈𝑠𝑦𝑠 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟐𝟖
In parallel systems the repair rates of each component is added, this way the equivalent system
repair rate is obtained. The reason is because the system fails completely only when each
component fails, hence the repair rates must be added as shown next.
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒: 𝜇𝑃𝑠𝑦𝑠 = 𝜇𝑀𝑆𝑈 + 𝜇𝑃𝐺 = 2𝑑𝑎𝑦
A system period is composed of transitions from the working state to the fail state. This can be
seen as a periodic function with a frequency given by:
Engineering Reliability Project Samer Sulaeman Jorge G. Cintrón-Rivera