by Sainu Franco, V.R.Mandla and Nikhil.P.G School of Mechanical and Building Sciences (SMBS),

Estimation of Power Generation Potential of Bright Roof- Areas and Photovoltaic Sizing in Hyderabad City using Geospatial technology

by by Sainu Franco, V.R.Mandla and Nikhil.P.GSainu Franco, V.R.Mandla and Nikhil.P.G

School of Mechanical and Building Sciences (SMBS),School of Mechanical and Building Sciences (SMBS),VIT University, Vellore, TamilNadu, India.VIT University, Vellore, TamilNadu, India.

14th Annual International Conference and Exhibition on Geospatial Information Technology and Applications

IntroductionIntroductionThe harbinger of economic growth and

industrial development of any country is power generation.

This causes GHG emissions and depletion of fossil fuels .

Solar electricity has the potential to offset these negative impacts.


ObjectiveObjective

The calculation of roof area suitable for solar applications is done by analyzing available geospatial technology.

This study also develops an algorithm to estimate the total PV system components, using analytical methods.

The details of the power plant capacity required for 1 MW is also discussed.

The proposed results help the design engineers to fix the system and space requirements.


I.I. Data sourcesI.I. Data sourcesIn order to identify and calculate the

bright roof top areas the visible, near infrared (VNIR) and thermal bands of Terra/ASTER level 1B acquired with a spatial resolution of 15 m was analyzed.


I.2 ASTER characteristicsI.2 ASTER characteristics

The ASTER instrument acquires surface data in the visible to near- infrared (three bands at 15m per pixel), short-wave infrared (six bands at 30m per pixel) and thermal infrared (five bands at 90m per pixel) wavelength regions of the electromagnetic spectrum


I. 3. Study AreaI. 3. Study Area


I. 3. Study AreaI. 3. Study AreaHyderabad, is the capital of Andhra Pradesh,

India. It is one of the largest metropolitan city of India .

Hyderabad is situated on Deccan plateau, located in North West of Andhra Pradesh. Situated on 17° 22' 31" North latitude and 78° 28' 27" East longitude it has an average elevation of about 536 metres above sea level (1,607 ft).


II. II. ClassificationAccuracy Assessment:Supervised and Unsupervised

classification Supervised classification techniques include

Parallelepiped, Minimum Distance, Mahalanobis Distance, Maximum Likelihood, Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM)

Unsupervised classification includes ISO-Data and K-Means techniques.


◦Post classification tools classify rule images to calculate class statistics and confusion matrices to apply majority and minority analysis in classifying images

II. II. Post ClassificationPost Classification::


III. 2. Classification III. 2. Classification AccuracyAccuracy

Classification Accuracy

020

4060

80100

120 Percentage accuracy

Fig: Classification accuracy using various classifiers

Kappa Coefficients

0.9533

0.6314

0.95120.8972 0.9329

-0.0075

0.475

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2 Coefficients

Fig: Kappa coefficients values for various classifiers Classification accuracy using various classifiers


(Source: Sainu & Ravibabu, 2012, IJEE)

Classified Image


Fig: Classification image of study area using SVM

Bright Roof Area Extraction

Fig: Shows bright roof area extraction using Google earth

Scale 1: 65m


Classified Objects Area (km2)

% of total area

Bright roof Area 31.11 14.54

Land 67.09 31.35

Vegetation 13.43 6.28

Less bright roofs & roads

93.05 43.48

Water bodies 9.31 4.35


Photovoltaic System Flowchart

PV Module Battery Bank

Inverter

DC Load

Solar Radiation

AC Load


PV Sizing Algorithm

Start

End

Read load data

Read weather data

Read PV module input data

Print the values of Number of modules

Fix the inverter

size

Perform calculations for Module sizing


Nps = (Vdc/Vm) (1)

Npp = (Pc / (W X Nps) (2)Ahd = (Im X hs X 0.9 X 0.9 X Npp) (3)Wht = (Ahd X Vdc X Ei) (4)Nar = (Npp X Isc X 1.3/Ar) (5)Area of the modules required = 0.64 X Nps X Npp (6)


Module Parameters

Model NumberMaximum Power Short circuit current (Isc)

Open circuit voltage (Voc)

Current at max power(Imp)

Max current rating of module(Im)

Current rating of charge controller (Ar)

No: of sub-arrays and regulators VOLTAGE AT PEAK POWER POINT (VM)

L1270 ( BHEL Make)70 W4.6A21V4.3A4.4A 10 4458 16.4V

Inverter parameters

Efficiency (Ei)

System voltage (Vdc)

0.924V

Radiation input

T8 = 250C - Min Temperature at sitehs = 5.12hrs - Hours of bright sunshine

G1 = 5.12 kWh/m2 Average solar radiation

Table: Shows Module Inverter parameters and Radiation input

Output data Hyderabad city 1MW

No: of modulesSeriesParallelTotal No:No of sub arrays and regulatorsNo. of invertersSpace Requirements (Area of modules)Electricity generated daily

2583534361.16708 x 108

364125441.528 x 107

74.69km2

23000000 kWh

27143142869.143 x 103 m2

2.815 x 103 kWh

Table : Shows results of module sizing using simulation

ConclusionThe available bright roof area in

Hyderabad suffices for meeting 40% of the total power requirement of MCH.

Much higher accuracy can be achieved if technically advanced datasets of LIDAR or photogrammetry are used.

This study would not have been possible without the help of Geospatial data and it has proved to be an invaluable tool in studies of present scale and also at macro level.


ReferencesReferences APCPDCL (www.apcentralpower.com/ ) accessed on 18-12-2011. Article on “Power Consumption Spirals”, The Hindu March 05, 2009. Vinod Kumar Sharma, Antonio Colangelo and Guiseppe Spagna, 1995;

Photovoltaic technology: Basic concepts, Sizing of a stand alone photovoltaic system for domestic applications and preliminary economic analysis; Energy Convers. Mgmt, Vol.36, No.3, pp 161-174

Fragaki.A and Markvart.T, 2008; Stand-alone PV system design: Results using a new sizing approach; Renewable Energy 33:162-167

Uzunoglu.M, Onar.O.C and Alam.M.S, 2009; Modelling, control and simulation of a PV/FC/UC based hybrid power generation system for stand alone applications; Renewable Energy 34: 509-520

Rodolfo Dufo- Lopez, Jose.L, Bernal Agustin, Jose.M .Yusta.Loyo, Jose.A.Dominguez

Navarro, Ignacio.J, Ramirez Rosado, Juan Lujano, Ismael Aso, 2011; Multi objective optimization minimizing cost and life cycle emissions of stand-alone PV-wind-diesel systems with battery storage; Applied Energy 88: 4033-4041.

Kaushika.N.D, Nalini.K.Gautam and Kshitiz Kaushik, 2005; Simulation model for sizing of stand alone solar PV system with inter connected array; Solar Energy materials & Solar Cells 85: 499-51

Sainu Franco, Usha, M., Ravibabu, M.V., Jothimani, P., 2011 ; Accuracy assessment of image classification techniques on aster data for landuse and landcover, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical, Manufacturing and Building Sciences (ICAMB-2012), 09-11 Jan, 2012, Organized by VIT University, India.


AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment

Authors would like to thank ..Director, CDMM, VIT University for permitting to utilize GIS labDr. Kamal Jain, Professor, Civil Engineering Department, IIT-

Roorkee for providing necessary data for this study. Mr. Peter Paul, Head, Survey & Mapping SAP SPATIAL SERVICES

Hyderabad for sharing spatial data


Thank you for your kind attention..!

Nomenclature

Nps number of modules in series Vdc system voltageVm nominal voltage of the module Npp number of modules

in parallelW rated wattage of module Pc plant installed capacity in

WattsAhd daily ampere hours generated Im max. current rating

of module hs hours of bright sunshine Wht sizing of Charge

ControllerEi efficiency of inverter Nar number of sub

arrays and regulators Isc short circuit current; Ar current rating of charge

controller T8 min temperature at site; G1 Avg of mean

monthly global radiation


by Sainu Franco, V.R.Mandla and Nikhil.P.G School of Mechanical and Building Sciences (SMBS),

Documents

solar applications

classification acc

thermal infrared

near infrared

infrared vnir

hyderabad city

surface data

study areahyderabad