By Rashid Khan Lesson 6-A Place for Everything: Storage Management.

by Rashid Khan

Lesson 6-A Place for Everything: Storage Management

by Rashid Khan

Overview Differences between basic and dynamic

disks. Manage disk volumes on dynamic disks. The Windows Backup utility. Troubleshoot storage problems.

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Differences Between Basic and Dynamic Disks Capabilities and limitations of basic disks. Advantages of dynamic disks. Using dynamic disks.

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Capabilities and Limitations

of Basic Disks Each physical disk can have up to four

partitions. Each partition becomes the underlying

structure for data storage on the disk. The two types of partitions are primary

and extended.

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Capabilities and Limitations

of Basic Disks Primary partitions are the partitions upon

which most operating systems are installed.

Each primary partition is identified by a separate drive letter.

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Capabilities and Limitations

of Basic Disks Extended partitions can be divided into

multiple logical drives. By using extended and primary partitions,

a hard disk can be subdivided into a maximum of 24 drives.

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Capabilities and Limitations

of Basic Disks

You can increase the number of discrete drives by using one extended partition in place of one of the four possible

primary partitions.

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Advantages of Dynamic DisksDynamic disks:

Do not depend on partitions for dividing the physical disk into storage areas.

Use volumes that can be used to store data. Have the ability to increase the speed with

which data is read or written.

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Advantages of Dynamic DisksDynamic disks provide fault tolerance by:

Creating live backups of data. Tracking special error correcting data.

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Using Dynamic DisksDynamic disks should be used:

When the computers have multiple physical hard drives.

If the computers have a newer operating system, as earlier operating systems cannot use dynamic disks.

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Manage Disk Volumes on Dynamic Disks Volumes that grow. Volumes that improve performance. Volumes that improve reliability.

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Volumes That Grow The categories of volumes are simple,

extended, and spanned. Simple volumes exist on a single hard

disk. Extended volumes are an extension of a

simple volume. Spanned volumes offer flexibility in

allocating storage capacity.

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Volumes That Grow

A simple volume

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Volumes That Grow

A spanned volume

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Volumes That Improve Performance Striped volumes can be used to improve

the performance of a server. A striped volume consists of segments of

up to 32 different hard disks. Striped volumes lose all data even if a

single hard disk fails.

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Volumes That Improve Reliability Reliability of the data storage system can

be improved by increasing their fault tolerance.

To improve reliability, mirrored and Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)-5 volumes are used.

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Volumes That Improve Reliability

A mirrored volume

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Volumes That Improve Reliability

A RAID-5 volume

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The Windows Backup Utility Backup options. Features and shortcomings. Performing a backup and restore.

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Backup OptionsBackup hardware and software:

Hardware such as writeable or rewritable CDs or DVDs can be used if the data to be backed up is limited.

A tape drive can be used to back up large amount of data.

Windows Server 2003 includes a backup utility called Windows Backup.

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Features and Shortcomings of Windows BackupFeatures of Windows Backup:

Automated System Restore (ASR). Volume Shadow Copy.

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Features and Shortcomings of Windows BackupShortcomings of Windows Backup:

Backups created on Windows 2003 cannot be restored on any other operating system.

Windows Backup does not support writable optical drives as backup devices.

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Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows BackupThe various types of backups are:

Normal Copy Incremental Differential Daily

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Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup

The Backup or Restore Wizard for Windows Backup

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Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup

Backup or Restore

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Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup

Items to Back Up

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Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup

Backing Up Drives

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Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup

Backup Type, Destination, and Name

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Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup

Backup Status

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Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup

Restoring from the Backup

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Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup

Restore Status

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Troubleshooting Storage Problems Disk errors. Failing disks with mirrored volumes. Poor performance.

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Disk Errors Disk errors can be system errors or bad

sectors. Windows offers an error-checking tool that

looks for and fixes physical and file system errors on a hard disk.

Scanning for bad sectors may take quite some time on large drives.

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Disk Errors

Error-Checking Tool

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Disk Errors

Check Disk Options

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Failing Disks with Mirrored Volumes If the error-checking tool lists errors, the

mirroring process can be stopped. To stop the mirroring process, either break

or remove the mirror.

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Poor Performance The poor performance in accessing files on

a hard disk could be because of fragmentation.

Fragmentation occurs when pieces of files are scattered across the hard disk.

The performance of the volume can be improved by defragmenting the hard disk.

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Poor Performance Windows includes a tool that can be used

to defragment volumes on a hard disk. Defragmentation rearranges the data on

the segment of the hard disk.

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Summary Basic disks use partitions to divide the disk

into discreet storage areas. Dynamic disks use volumes to subdivide

the disk into discreet storage areas. Various types of volumes that can be used

to improve performance are simple, extended, spanned, and striped.

Mirrored and Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)-5 volumes can also be used to improve performance.

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Summary Windows Server 2003 includes the Windows

Backup utility that provides the Backup and Restore wizard.

Disk errors can be found and fixed, using an error-checking tool.

If a hard disk with a mirrored volume fails, the mirrored volume can be broken or the mirror can be removed.

Poor performance in accessing files may be due to fragmentation of files on the hard disk.

Defragmenting the volume usually improves performance.