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Slide 1
Slide 2
By Kylie Bouphaphanh Ferris State University
Slide 3
Women in Nursing Men in Nursing Determine the career
differences Determine the pay differences
Slide 4
Florence Nightingale declared nursing as womens work First
nursing school established at St. Thomas Hospital in London First
nursing school in United States beginning of 20 th century
Slide 5
Byzantine period and through the Middle ages Approximately 250
B.C., first nursing school in India First nursing school for men in
U.S. was 19 th century at Bellevue Hospital in New York City (Cude
& Winfrey, 2007)
Slide 6
Men More advantages in leadership positions More physical
Strength and better able to deal with combative patients (Cude
& Winfrey, 2007) Women Less in executive positions Employed
full-time or part-time Nurturing, empathetic and compassionate
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Men prefer employment ICU, OR, ED, PSYCHIATRY (Cude
&Winfrey, 2007) Pay scale differences In executive positions
$78,956 -$81,549 (Rozier, 1996). Women No limitation on employment
preference Pay scale differences In executive positions
$73,845-$76,439
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Therapeutic touch-comfort, nonverbal form of communication,
"caring touch(Estabrooks and Morse 1992) Cultural background,
gender, and body parts are to be considered. The expressive touch
of a female nurse was more readily accepted by patients than the
expressive touch of a male nurse Touch is a useful tool in
performing nursing tasks by calming and reassuring a patient
(Routasalo, 1999)
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Defined by Goode(1960) as the difficulty one feels in
fulfilling ones perceived role obligations. Four types of role
strain: role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, role
discontinuity. Role conflict is when one is subjected to two or
more contradictory role expectations that one cannot satisfy
simultaneously. There is a natural role strain experienced by men
in female dominated fields (Tzeng &Chen &Tsai, 2009)
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The registered nurse interacts with and contributes to the
professional development of peers and colleagues The registered
nurse: Interacts with peers and colleagues to promote congeniality
in the work environment Maintains compassionate and caring
relationship with peers and colleagues Contributes to a supportive
and healthy environment (ANA, 2004)
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The registered nurse collaborates with patients, families, and
others in the conduct of the nursing practice The registered nurse:
Collaborates in creating a documented plan, focused on outcomes and
decisions related to care and the delivery of services. That
requires communication with patients, families, and others Partners
with others to effect change and generate positive outcomes through
knowledge of the patient or situation (ANA, 2004)
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Male nurses are hired when they are the most qualified
candidate for the given position As staff and patients become more
accustomed to male nurses, gender barriers will dissolve. Barriers
restricting where males can work should be removed. Of course,
patients have the right to refuse care from a caregiver with which
they are uncomfortable Increased advertising showing men working as
nurses should be displayed and advertised on television and
billboards where men can see them.
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Orient all nurses to issues that may arise with male nurses
operating in a traditionally female profession. Establish and
enforce protocols between male nurses and patients regarding the
touch-theory Gender discrimination is not tolerated between staff
members, but patients have the right to refuse care from any nurse
that makes them uneasy, for any reason
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American Nurses Association, (2004). Scope &Standard of
Practice, 6 th ed, p.37-38. Cud, G., & Winfrey, K. (2007). The
hidden barrier: gender bias: fact or fiction?. Nursing For Women's
Health, 11(3), 254-265. Doi: 10.1111/j. 1751-486x200.00165.x
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009626804&site=nrc-live
Routasalo, P. (1999). Physical touch in nursing studies: a
literature review. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 30(4), 843-850.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=1999080711&site=nrc-live
Rozier, C. (1996). Nurse executive characteristics: gender
differences. Nursing Management, 27(12), 33- 38.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=1997007068&site=nrc-live
Tzeng, Y., Chen, J., Tu, H., & Tsai, T. (2009). Role strain of
different gender nursing students in obstetrics practice: a
comparative study. Journal Of Nursing Research (Taiwan Nurses
Association), 17(1), 1-9. doi:10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181999b85
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010257710&site=nrc-live