By Ireland Tawney, Sierra Bickford, Hannah Bassett, Lily Scammon COAL
Dec 23, 2015
By Ireland Tawney, Sierra Bickford, Hannah Bassett, Lily Scammon
COAL
AGE-(Price)
• Age:
• Devonian Period (400 mya)
• Two major coal forming periods
• Pennsylvanian
• Paleocene
• Price:
• Depends on the mine or location where coal comes from
• January 4, 2013 (per short ton)
• Central Appalachian- $68.05
• Powder River Basin - $10.45
• Illinois Basin - $47.90
LOCATION
• many coastal mines
• not all coastal
• scattered around the world
INFO
• Fossil Fuel
• Most formed 400 million years ago, Devonian Period
• Plants die sink to bottom of swamp creates peat buried by erosion sedimentary rocks form pressure, heat, and time forces out water and oxygen coal is formed.
• Newest coal formed 1 million years ago, oldest 400 million years ago
• 40-90% of weight is carbon
• Estimate 3-7 feet of compact plant matter= 1 foot of bituminous coal
HOW COAL IS FORMED
• A combustible rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter
• Five types of coal
• Peat
• Lignite
• Subbituminous coal
• Bituminous coal
• Anthracite coal
• Described by rank and grade
• Coal is worth more the less ash left in it (most commercial is 3-9% ash)
• Some trace elements are sodium, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates, and arsenic
WHAT IS IT?
• Gets energy from the sunlight absorbed by the plant through photosynthesis
• Energy already exists in coal
• Needs heat for an activation energy
• Heat breaks chemical bonds created during fossilization- released heat
Coal to Electricity
• Energy released in heat causes water to boil boiling water creates steam steam creates pressure pressure spins generator turbine spinning motion turns electrical generator= electricity
HOW IT WORKS
COAL MINING PROCESS•Types of mining- Surface mining Underground mining Longwall mining Conventional mining•Underground Drift Slope Shaft
• Coal is put in burner to produce heat
The Thermodynamic Process
• Heat boils water in the boiler to produce steam
• The steam is then piped to a turbine
• The turbine rotates
• Produce electricity
• Repeat the cycle
COAL POWER PLANT
• Coal is a chemically complex fuel
• Mining coal releases dust/gas into the air
• Particles of ash called “fly ash” released
• Sulfur combines with oxygen
• Forms sulfur dioxide
• Major air pollution if emitted in large quantities
• Surface of land is disrupted when mined
• Contributes to acid rain
• Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
• outflow of acidic water from coal mines or metal mines (acid mine drainage)
• air pollution from coal-fired plants
• air pollution from coal mines
• climate impact of coal mines/coal plants
• coal fires (3% of worlds annual carbon dioxide emission)
• combustion waste (worlds second largest waste stream)
• coal sludge (liquid coal waste from washing coal containing toxins)
EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT
CITATIONS• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=coal+mines&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=857C766A7EA2226C5F848BDA8DD0788118D414B0&selectedIndex=4
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=coal+mines&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=FC35E794F4722DB383FE346F590D2815CF9EEB79&selectedIndex=5
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=south+korean+capital+pollution&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=54DCDC0B8E7387F6C9BED47408A2B0524BB1DCA3&selectedIndex=0
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=earth+map+of+coal+mine&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=earth+map+of+coal+mine&sc=0-0&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&id=B9E73522EAFC19028C1AB856CBFCDCCEA1CCBDE8&selectedIndex=5
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=how+coal+is+made&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=E4FF4401F47A139C06B672450C3BF5ADBA8A7168&selectedIndex=1
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=coal&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=8BA9EBBC75BB8E208EDC81ABCC81C5CDD420265A&selectedIndex=1
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=+coal+plant&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=coal+plant&sc=8-10&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&id=C07F2E6B8214C0C3B731A812045E0882E9AAC05F&selectedIndex=2
• http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/coal-mining/
• http://www.ildceo.net/NR/rdonlyres/D54DB23B-BFCC-49D7-9D73-89448384DD94/0/Howiscoalmined2.pdf
• http://www.google.com/imgres?q=coal+power+plant&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbo=d&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS375US379&biw=1600&bih=756&tbm=isch&tbnid=R0YxBpgLJUfKDM:&imgrefurl=http://forums.appleinsider.com/t/151243/greenpeace-says-apples-clean-energy-policies-are-significantly-improved/40&docid=Gx9uDybQPfJvMM&imgurl=http://forums-cdn.appleinsider.com/c/cf/cffb4dfa_coal-fired-power-plant_media.jpeg&w=2000&h=1232&ei=JyHzUOe-Cabm0gGGr4CICw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=758&vpy=325&dur=399&hovh=158&hovw=264&tx=216&ty=120&sig=112856266099185639852&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=236&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0,i:180
• http://www.duke-energy.com/about-energy/generating-electricity/coal-fired-how.asp
• http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/coalweb/library/coaltime/intro.aspx
• http://www.eia.gov/coal/news_markets/index.cfm
• http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/coalweb/library/science/what.aspx
• http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/coalweb/library/science/quality.aspx
• http://www.google.com/imgres?q=what+is+coal&um=1&hl=en&tbo=d&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS375US379&biw=1600&bih=756&tbm=isch&tbnid=XuPRUvc63YekDM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal&docid=TuJGeyI_gp2pOM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Coal_anthracite.jpg/220px-Coal_anthracite.jpg&w=220&h=206&ei=0D3zUN-NJMWo0AHnyYHwBg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=403&vpy=145&dur=268&hovh=164&hovw=176&tx=114&ty=58&sig=112856266099185639852&page=1&tbnh=146&tbnw=164&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:87
• http://www.coaleducation.org/lessons/twe/envi.htm
• http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Environmental_impacts_of_coal
• http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/coal-mining/