GLOBALIZATION & THE FOOD SYSTEM :TRENDS AND NEW CHALLENGES By Group 8 송송송 송송송 송송송 송송송 송송송
GLOBALIZATION & THE FOOD SYSTEM
:TRENDS AND NEW CHALLENGES
By Group 8
송현석박신영김윤주박도영이정수
NUTRITION TRANSI-TION
CONTENTS
BACKGROUND
FOOD CRISIS
THE RISE OF GMO
: The Effects of Globalization on the Food System
BACKGROUND
THREE MAJOR TRENDS
Consolida-tionOf
food conglomer-
ates
Vertical Chain
Integration
Diversified Usage
Of Cereals
* The largest chicken processor* Export to 73 countries* Leading chicken breeding stock supplier* Nation’s second largest market of corn and flour tortilla
* Controls 93% of the US soybean seed market
Transnationalization of these conglomerates by M&A and FDI
According to the TNI (Trans-Nationality Index)
Their trans-nationality increased 59% to 79% during the 20th century
FOOD CONGLOMERATES
VERTICAL CHAIN INTEGRATION
SUPERMARKETSPROCESSED PRODUCTS
Food and grocery retailing is becoming increasingly concen-
trated
Change in production and trading patterns
Transnational companies are controlling through vertical chain integration
Production of grains are not only for human consumption
Cutting cost and time through systematization and standard-ization of agricultural technology and techniques
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
& TECHNIQUES
DIVERSIFIED USAGE OF CEREAL
CHANGES IN THE FOOD SYS-TEM* TRANSNATIONAL FOOD COMPANIES
* LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE & FDI
* ADVERTISING & PROMOTION
CHANGES IN THE SOCIAL
SYSTEM HIGHER GNP URBANIZATION CULTURAL NORMS
Nutrition Transition
OVERWEIGHT UNDERWEIGHT
500 million adults world wide obese
24.3% in 2005 highest at 29.1% in
Africa
Nutrition Transition
구분 1999/00 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09(E) 2009/10(P)
Production 1,872.2 2,000.8 2,121.6 2,227.3 2,187.3
Supply 2,452.7 2,390.2 2,463.6 2,590.6 2,633.9
Demand 1,865.4 2,048.2 2,100.3 2,143.9 2,183.4
WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?
WE ARE PRODUCING ENOUGH FOOD !
HOWEVER . . .
Food Crisis
FOOD CONSUMPTION IS NOT
EVENLY DISTRIBUTED !!
Food Crisis
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING UNEQUAL CONSUMPTION
Food Crisis
DIRECT FACTORS
INDIRECT FAC-TORS
3kg of grain 1kg of animal protein in cereal fed animal production
Total global grain harvest of 2004 would feed 6 billion people. If the same amount of grain to feed animal
Only 2.6 billion people
Food CrisisDIRECT
FACTORS
Biofuel takes 2% of overall grain consumption and 25% of U.S grain consumption and amount that was able to feed 330million people.
Small portion but production is increasing rapidly.
Food CrisisDIRECT
FACTORS
Overconsumption indeveloped countries
Food Crisis INDIRECT FACTORS
Increased food price
Overconsumption indeveloped countries
Food Crisis INDIRECT FACTORS
Increased food price
Overconsumption indeveloped countries
Food Crisis INDIRECT FACTORS
Exacerbated food accessibility
Food CrisisFUTURE SPECULATIONS
Productivity of agriculture may not be able to support the exponential growing
population
GMO
Genetically Modified Organisms, process of creating a new crop from the original parent crop through geneticmodification.
What is GMO?
Process
selective breeding
Goals
To create a studier crop that is immune to diseases as well as insects.To create a variant that contains more nutrients than the original.To create a crop that yields a better harvest.
TransgenesisMutabreed-
ingMutagenesis
GMOProblems of GMO
1. GMO is controlled by large conglomerates leading to the instability of the food system, where originally in-dependent countries and individual farmers are incorpo-rated into the system.
2. Genetically modified seeds are infertile, and are infectious through ‘cross pollination’
ConclusionNutrition Transi-tionPolicies will need to focus on promoting healthy diet. *Awareness of how globalization has affected diets. *Incentives for Transnational Food Companies and other ma-jor players in the food system to promote a market of healthy foods and healthier environment. *Curb food advertisement and promotions and health promo-tion and marketing healthy foods. Food Cri-sisDistribution and Accessibility of food.
*Incentives to consume less grain for meat and biofuel. A quota of grain that should be sent to the market for poor nations. *International organization should monitor whether the grain sent is properly used to feed people. *More investment for agricultural R&D sector
Conclusion
GMO
*Governments should intervene for genetically modified seeds are offered at a stable price.•Set regulations that genetically modified crops must be planted a certain distance away from unmodified crops.*The public sector could invest in the genetically modified food sup ply so that it is not controlled by a select few compa-nies.
Thank you