By, Drew Harris Drew Harris. satellites starA satellite star A solar system is a set of satellites floating around a central star. A satellite is an object.
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by, Drew Harris Drew Harris
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satellites starA satellite star A solar system is a set of
satellites floating around a central star. A satellite is an object
that floats around another object. A star is a large sphere of
burning gases. planets orbit Our solar system is where the planets,
including Earth, orbit the sun, or rotate around it. A planet is a
large object that moves around a star. Our solar system is a solar
system because the sun is a star. It is also the only star in our
solar system. Our sun is only a medium size star.
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Day and Night occur because the sun is Earths main light. The
part of Earth having day is facing the sun. The part of Earth
having night is facing away from the sun. The reason the moon
changes shape is that the moons light is actually being reflected
off of the sun. It uses that light to reflect light so it doesnt
really change shape.
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axisAxis We have different seasons because of the tilt of
Earths axis. Axis is the imaginary line that goes through the
Earth. Almost all of the planets have a tilt in its axis. In fact,
Mercury is the only planet without a tilt in its axis. Uranus is
tilted so far its tipped over and on its side!
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A planet looks and moves different from a star. Stars are
different in size and color. Our sun is actually a small star, it
only appears big because its so close to us. The color of a star
depends on how hot it is. Red stars are the coolest and blue stars
are the hottest.
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There are more stars than one person can count in an entire
lifetime.
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What is a constellation? Constellations are totally imaginary
things that poets, farmers and astronomers have made up over the
past 6,000 years to help us tell which stars are which. On a really
dark night you can see about 1,000 to 1,500 stars. The northern
hemispheres signpost is the Big Dipper. Where did constellations
come from? Farmers used the constellations to help them know when
to plant and when to harvest their crops because different
constellations are visible at different times of the year. There
are 88 constellations. Stars do not appear to move because they are
so far away from the Earth.
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axis Stars Constellation locations change by the Earth turning
on its axis. This may be how it moves in the sky. Stars do move.
stars Different stars can be seen in different seasons. Stars also
have different colors and sizes. Stars are grouped together in
patterns called constellations.
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PLANETSSTARS look like a point of light in the night sky.
appear to change their positions. just a few can be seen. stars are
closer to us than stars. look like a point of light in the night
sky appear to not change their positions. many can be seen. do not
change locations on different days. planets are further away from
us than planets.
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mnemonic device Its My Very Energetic Mother Just Served Us
Noodles. Thats a mnemonic device, or a way to remember (memory
aid), the order of the planets. The order is: Mercury, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
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Mercury
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Mercury rotatesaxis planet Mercury is the closest planet to the
sun and is about the size of Earths moon. It even looks like the
moon. It has the temperature range of 800.6-361.4 F. It rotates, or
turns, on its axis every 58.9 days and revolves, or circles, the
sun every 87.9 days. Mercury has no moons and is the smallest
planet. Galileo Galilei discovered Mercury in 1610.
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If Earth had a twin it would be Venus. They are similar in
size, mass, composition, and distance from the sun. However, Venus
is very dry and has a thick atmosphere that transfers heat. It
presses down on Earth 100 times that of Earth. Venus is the second
planet from the sun, in between Mercury and Earth. Venus rotates
east to west so the sun rises in the west and sets in the east
(opposite of the Earth). Venus has a cloud covering it, but we know
that it has vast plains covered by lava and mountains with many
craters. Venus is the hottest planet with a temperature of 899.6 F.
Venus has no moons or oceans. Venus has been visited by more
spacecraft than any other planet. It has a thick atmosphere of
carbon dioxide and other poisonous gases. A space probe is an
unscrewed space vehicle that carries cameras, instruments, and
other research tools.
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planet inner planets satellite rotaterevolve Earth is the only
planet known to have life. Its the 3 rd planet from the sun and the
5 th largest. Earth is 70% covered with oceans. The oceans have the
most life (habitats). Earth is the only planet with liquid water
and the largest of the inner planets. Earth has an atmosphere that
protects us from meteors. The Earth was last in its present
position in the milky way at the beginning of the age of Dinosaurs.
The 1 st artificial satellite of Earth was Sputnik 1 U.S.S.R. Earth
has one moon. It takes Earth 23.93 hours to rotate around its axis
and 365.26 days to revolve around the sun. Earths atmosphere is
mostly made of nitrogen and oxygen.
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Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is known as the Red
Planet because of chemical weathering of its iron rich rocks and
was thought of as the most likely planet to hold life besides
Earth. Mars may have held life long, long ago. They also believe
that the dryness of the soil, the suns ultraviolet radiation, and
the soil chemistry prevent life on Mars. Mars is most like Earth of
all planets. It has polar ice caps and seasons. Mars has two moons.
Mars atmosphere is carbon dioxide. Water ice was found on Mars in
June 2008. Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system called
Olympus Mons.
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planets InnerPlanets asteroid belt innerouter planetsAsteroids
The 1 st four planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, are known
as the Inner Planets and terrestrial planets, or most likely to be
possible to have life, because of their rocky surfaces. There is an
asteroid belt separating the inner and outer planets. Asteroids are
small, rocky objects that move around the sun.
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solar systemouter planets planets Jupiter, the fifth planet
from the sun, has 16 moons, a ring system of three, and a complex
atmosphere. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and
outer planets. Its so big its bigger than all the other planets
combined. It has an Easter egg appearance due to its many different
colors. Its mostly known for its Great Red Spot, a hurricane-like
storm cell so big it could swallow Earth. Its lasted for over 300
years. Galileo Galilei discovered four of Jupiters moons. Jupiter
has three thin rings.
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planet outer planets planet telescope planetstelescope Saturn
is the 6 th planet from the sun and one of the outer planets.
Saturn is a giant, gaseous planet and has seven rings and 18 moons.
Saturn is so light it could float. Wind on Saturn is 10 times
stronger than a hurricane. Saturn is the most distant planet
visible without a telescope, or a tool to make things in space
appear closer. Galileo Galilei discovered Saturns rings in 1610.
The other two planets can be seen with a telescope.
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planet cometasteroid comet Uranus has 15 moons and 11 rings.
The 1 st nine were discovered in 1977. Uranus looks blue green
because of methane gas in its atmosphere. Uranus is tipped on its
side, maybe because of a collision with a planet sized object like
a comet or asteroid. A comet is a small mass of dust of ice that
orbits the sun in a oval shaped path. Sir William Herschel
discovered Uranus in 1781. All the asteroids put together would
make an object less than half the size of Earths moon.
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Neptune is the 8 th, and furthest planet from the sun. Johann
Galle discovered Neptune in 1846. It has eight moons. It also has
four rings. Neptune is aqua blue because its clouds contain methane
ice crystals and has the strongest winds of any planet.
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asteroid outer planets gagiants On the other side of the
asteroid belt are the outer planets. They are Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, and Neptune. They are all large and made mostly of gases so
theyre called the gas giants. They are mostly hydrogen and
helium.
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Comets are dirty leftovers from the creation of our solar
system about 4.5 billion years ago. Most come from a distant region
called the Oort Cloud about 100,000 astronomical units from the
sun. There is another belt that orbits the sun out side of Pluto
called the Kuiper Belt.
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planet planets Pluto isnt a planet, but a dwarf planet because
its orbit changes. It is smaller than the normal planets and it has
a moon (Charon) that is close to its own size. Plutos moon is
smaller than Earths moon. Pluto has never been visited by
spacecraft. Pluto was discovered in 1930. Every 20 years, Pluto
trades places with Neptune (is in front of Neptune). From Pluto the
sun looks like a very bright star. Little heat or light reaches
Pluto or its moon. Pluto is 6 billion Kilometers from the Sun.
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The sun is the only body in our solar system that gives light
of its own and is the source of almost all the energy in our solar
system. Its over 100 times wider than Earth. It takes up as much
space as 1,000,000 (1 million) planets the size of Earth. The sun
is mostly hydrogen which is basically its fuel. The sun is a star
and has been shining for nearly 5,000,000,000 (5 billion) years.
One revolution of the Earth around the sun is one year. Revolution
is the movement of any object in an orbit. The dark areas of the
sun are called sunspots which are cooler than the rest of the suns
surface and do not give off much light.
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The moon is about the size of Earth. The moons outer crust was
shed during its formation leaving an egg shape. That shape makes
the same side face the Earth at all times. Galileo Galilei
discovered the moon in 1610. The Apollo 11 mission went to the moon
in 1969. There Armstrong stepped on the moon and said the famous
quote, Thats one small step for man; one giant leap for
mankind!