By: Danna Leepages.ucsd.edu/~mboyle/COGS11/COGS11-website/pdf...Different types of Out of Body Experiences Spontaneous Sleeping Lucid Dreaming Near-‐Death Experience “Lives

By:  Danna  Lee    

� What  is  an  “Out  of  Body  Experience?”    � Interesting  Papers  about  Out  of  Body  Experience  

� Case  Studies  � Experiencing  your  own  Out  of  Body  Experience      

�  The    sensation  of  being  outside  of  ones  physical  body  �  Failure  to  integrate    somatosensory  and  vestibular  information    

�  Compared  and  contrasted    to  lucid  dreams  and  astral  projections      

�  Different  types  of  Out  of  Body  Experiences      �  Spontaneous    

�  Sleeping    �  Lucid  Dreaming    

�  Near-­‐Death  Experience  �  “Lives  flash  before  their  eyes”    �  Intense  physical  trauma    

�  Other      �  Highly  physical/  stressful  activities  �  Bilocation      

�  Induced    �  Mental  Induction    

�  “Falling  asleep  physically  without  losing  wakefulness.”  � Meditation/  Visualization    

�  Mechanical  Induction    �  Electrical  Stimulation  in  the  Temporoparietal  junction    �  Sensory  deprivation/overload    

�  Chemical  Induction    �  Dissociative  hallucinogens    

�  She  was  able  to  “see”  her  physical  body  lifting  upwards    

�  Feeling  of  floating  and  being  consciously  aware  of  her  surrounding  environment    

�  http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/127/2/243.full.pdf+html  

� Wanted  to  address  3  main  questions:  �  1)  Can  blind  individuals  have  Near-­‐Death  Experiences    (if  so,  are  they  the  same  /  different  in  sighted  individuals)?      

�  2)  What  claims  are  made  in  seeing  during  a  NED/OBE?  

�  3)  From  these  claims  can  they  give  support  to  independent  evidence?    

�  Logistics  of  the  Study:  �  Three  Categories  

�  1)  Blind  since  birth  �  2)  Adventitiously  Blind    3)  Severe  Visual  Impairment          

�  Conditions:    �  1)    If  individuals  have  had  and  survived  a  near-­‐death  experience  

�  2)  If  individual  have  had  both  near-­‐death  experience  and  out-­‐of-­‐body    experience        

�  3)  One  or  more  out-­‐of-­‐body  experience  only    

�  Vicki:     �  Brad:    

�  Frank  and  the  tie:      

�  1)  Can  blind  persons  report  near-­‐death  experiences  and  if  they  do  are  they  different/same  compared  to  sighted  individuals?    �  Yes,  the  blind  can  report  having  near-­‐death  experiences  and  take  the  same  form  of  near-­‐death  experience  in  sighted  people.    

�  2)  Can  the  blind  claim  to  have  visual  impressions  during  NDE  and  OBE?    �  80%  of  these  findings  reported  in  fact  that  they  could  see    

�  3)  How  can  we  distinguish  these  reports  from  fantasy/hallucinations?    �  Weakest  part  of  the  study,  because  there  was  no  way  of  proving  or  disproving  their  subjective  reports    

�  Dream  Hypothesis?  

�  Blindsight?  �  Transcendental  Awareness!    

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeBFjRnsAqg        

�  “We  think  that  people  might  find  it  easier  to  use  their  prostheses,  or  develop  a  better  body  image,  if  we  can  elicit  the  illusion  of  real  ownership,”  says  Ehrsson.    

�  Have  participants  sit  a  table  and  place  one  hand  behind  a  screen  

�  Then  you  place  a  dummy  hand  to  where  their  other  hand  would  normally  be    

�  Take  a  paint  brush  and  you  simultaneously  stroke  the  dummy  hand  and  the  hand  behind  the  screen  at  the  same  time    

�  Slowly  your  mind  will  start  thinking  of  the  dummy  hand  as  your  real  hand        

�  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxwn1w7MJvk  

�  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCQbygjG0RU  

�  http://www.wikihow.com/Experience-­‐the-­‐Pinocchio-­‐Effect  

�  Prosthetic  Limbs  for  Amputees  �  Virtual  Reality    �   Avatars      

Thank  you!!  Have  a  Great  Weekend!!  =]    

�  Visualizing  Out-­‐of-­‐Body  Experience  in  the  Brain    �  http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa070010  

�  Out-­‐of-­‐Body  Experience  and  Autoscopy  neurological  origin    �  http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/127/2/243.full.pdf+html  

�  Near-­‐Death  and  Out-­‐of  Body  Experiences  in  Blind    �  http://www.newdualism.org/nde-­‐papers/Ring/Ring-­‐Journal%20of

%20Near-­‐Death%20Studies_1997-­‐16-­‐101-­‐147-­‐1.pdf  

�  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-­‐of-­‐body_experience