8/8/2019 By Bhagat Singh http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/by-bhagat-singh 1/68 Miscellaneous Notes By Bhagat Singh taken in jail {These notes were on fool scape papers and were taken prior to the issue of 404 pages Note Book} Love “The most interesting and pardonable of human weaknesses - Love” Charles Dickens -Pickwick Love:- “ Burney and Vee loved each other , just as passionately as ever , at least they too themselves that it was as ever, but at the while the subtle chemistry of change was at work. Men and women are not bodies only {,and cannot be satisfied with delights of bodies only} .Men and women are are minds , and have to have harmony of ideas. can they be bored with each other’s ideas and still be just as much in love ? Men and women are characters lead to action - and what if they lead to different actions ? What if the man wants to read a book and the woman wants to go to a dance?” Upton Sinclair -Oil page 398 Love and Sex ;- “But how lamentable our young people are ridden by the inherited traditions that there is something shameful and immoral is the sexual act itself, even when prompted by sincere love and emotional escalation.” P61 Sex is simply a biological fact. It is as much so as the appetite for food .Like the appetite for food it is neither legal nor illegal , moral or immoral. to bring sex under the jurisdiction of law and authority is as impossible as to bring food ,hunger under such jurisdiction. Page 127 I believe in marriage and that I demand of it that it shall men the love of one man for one woman in a harmony and companionship .......... When it does not mean that or something like , I am unable to see that it is marriage , regardless of
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{These notes were on fool scape papers andwere taken prior to the issue of 404 pagesNote Book}
Love “The most interesting and pardonable of human weaknesses - Love”
Charles Dickens -Pickwick
Love:- “ Burney and Vee loved each other , just as passionately as ever , at leastthey too themselves that it was as ever, but at the while the subtle chemistry of change was at work. Men and women are not bodies only {,and cannot besatisfied with delights of bodies only} .Men and women are are minds , and haveto have harmony of ideas. can they be bored with each other’s ideas and still be
just as much in love ? Men and women are characters lead to action - and what if they lead to different actions ? What if the man wants to read a book and thewoman wants to go to a dance?”
Upton Sinclair -Oil page 398
Love and Sex ;- “But how lamentable our young people are ridden by theinherited traditions that there is something shameful and immoral is the sexualact itself, even when prompted by sincere love and emotionalescalation.” P61
Sex is simply a biological fact. It is as much so as the appetite for food .Like the
appetite for food it is neither legal nor illegal , moral or immoral. to bring sexunder the jurisdiction of law and authority is as impossible as to bring food,hunger under such jurisdiction. Page 127
I believe in marriage and that I demand of it that it shall men the love of one manfor one woman in a harmony and companionship .......... When it does not meanthat or something like , I am unable to see that it is marriage , regardless of
whether there has been a marriage ceremony or not . The love one man ismarriage ,nothing else is. The marriage ceremony is simply The Public Aproval of a man and woman that such a relationship exists and it is further a formalrecognition on the part of society that such a relationshipexists. P 137
Judge Barr Lindsey “Revolt of theModern youth”
--------------------------------------- 0 -------------------------------------------Benjimin Barr. Lindsey and Wainwright EvansRevolt of Modern YouthNew York, NY: Boni & Liveright, 1927 Twelfth edition. Inscribed To Robert Z. Leonard with the best wishes of Ben B. Lindsey Oct1927".
Love:- “ The Bird of Life is singing on the bough His two eternal notes of ‘ I andThou ‘ O heasken well for soon the Song sings through And would we hear it, wemust hear it now “
Page 2 of notes
Religion “ It will be found that empires based upon military force alone ,however cruel that may be , are not permanent , and there fore not so dangerous toprogress, it is only when resistance is paralysed by the agency of superstitions,that the race can be subjected to system of exploitation for hundered and eventhousands of years. “
Profit of Religion --By Upton Sinclair Page 31
Salavery :- William LLyod Garrison , poineer of ‘Anti Salavery ‘ movement inUSA started a paper “The Liberator” in 1831. In the first issue he wrote :- “I will beas harsh as truth , and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do notwish to think , or speak or write with moderation. No! No! tell a man whose houseis on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderatly rescue his wife from thehands of a vanisher , tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from fire intowhich it has fallen -but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present.i am earnest - i will not equivocate - I will not excuse - i will not retract a singleinch - and I will be heard. The apathy of people is enough to make every statueleap from its pedestral and hasten the resurrection of the dead.’
[ Boston P 156]
Religion:- “ Neitzche , as I gather ,regarded the slave morality as having beeninvented and imposed on the world by slaves making a virtue of necessity and areligion of their servitude. Mr.Stewart - Glennie regards the Slave mentality as aninvention of the superior white race to subjugated. as this procession is inoperation ,and can be studied at first hand not only in our church schools and inthe struggle between our modern proprietry class and the Proletariate, but in the
part played by christian missionaries in reconcilling the black races of Africa totheir subjugation by European Capitalism , we can judge for ourselves whether the initiative came from above or below.”
“Major Barbara Preface p 153
Bernard Shaw “
Existing Social Oder :- “ This world , sir , is very clearly a place of torment andpenance , a place where fool florishes and the good and wise are hated andpersecuted , a place where man and women torture each other in the name of love; when children are scourages and enslaved in the name of parental dutyand ..................................................
Page 3 of notes
healing and the weak in mind are put to the horrible torture of imprisonment
hours but for years in the name of justice.”
“John Bull’s Other Island page 8 B. Shaw “
Poverty :- .................. that the greatest of evils and the worst of crime is povertythat our first duty - a duty to which every other consideration should be sacrificed-is not to be poor. ‘Poor but honest’ , ‘the respectable poor’ and such phrases areas intolerable and as immoral as drunken but amiable. “Fraudulent but a goodafter dinner speaker “ ‘splendidly criminal” or the like .Security the chief pretenceof civilization cannot exist where the worst dangers ,the danger of poverty ,hangsover every body’s head, and when alleged protection of our persons from
violence is only an accidental result of our persons of existence of a police force ,whose real business is to see the poor man ,to [ force the poor man to] see hischildren starve whilst idle people overfeed pet dogs with money that might feedand clothe them.”
Major Barbara P 154 Barnard Shaw
Imprisonment :- We seize a man and deliberately do him a malicious injury :Say , imprison him for years ............. A man breaking into my home and stealingmy wife’s diamonds , I am expected as a matter of course to steel ten years of his life ,torturing him all the time . .... But the thought less wickedness with which
we scatter sentences of imprisonment , torture in the solitary cell and on theplank bed and flogging or moral invalids and energetic rebels , is as nothingcompared to stupid levity with which we tolerate Poverty. P155
The crying need of the nation is not for better morals ,“cheap bread” temperanceliberty ,culture , redemption of fallen sisters and erring brothers nor the grace,love and fellowship of trinity, but simply for enough money. And the evil to be
attacked is not Sin, suffering ,greed , priest craft ,kingcraft, demagogy, monopoly,ignorance , drink, war pestilence , nor any other of the scape goats whichreformers sacrifice but simply poverty . P 161
But the successful scoundrel is dealt with very difficulty and very Christianity. He
is not only forgiven ,he is idolized ,respected made much of all butworshipped. P173
The seven deadly Sins ? Yes the deadly seven ! Food , clothing , firing , rent,taxes , respectability, and children . Nothing can lift these seven milestones fromMan’s neck but .........Poverty . A crime ? Yes.............
Page 4 of notes
crime are virtues besides it all the other dishonors are chivalry itself bycomparison . Poverty blights whole cities ; spreads horrible pestilence; strikes
dead the very souls of all who come within sight, sound or smell of it . What youcall crime is nothing ........ There are not 50 genuine professional criminals inLondon. But there are millions of poor people , abject people , dirty people ,ill fed,il clothed people. P 281
“ I had rather be a thief than a pauper. I had rather be murderer than a slave .Idon’t want to be either; but if you force ,the alternative on me , then ,by heaven i’llchoose the braver and more moral one .I hate poverty and slavery worse thanany other crime what so ever.
Major Barbara - Bernard Shaw
.......................................: o :--......................................
Anthony sought happiness in "love’ , Brutes in "glory’ Carver in "Dominion" .the
first found ‘disgrace ‘ the second ‘disgust’ , the last ‘ingratitude’ and each
destruction.
The things in world weighed in the balance all found wanting, self realization
alone will bring ‘peace and happiness’.
_______________________ : o :_______________________
Marriage :-
" Marriage is popular because it combines the maximum of temptation with
Imprisonment ;- " Imprisonment as it exists today ,is a worse crime than any of
those commited by its victims; for no single criminal can be as powerful for evil,
or as unrestained in its excercise , as an organised Nation."
"...... people who have ascertained the truth about prison have been driven to
declare that the most urgent necessity of the situation is that every judge
magistrate , and home secretary should serve a six month’s sentence in eoginto ;
so that when he is dealing out and enforcing sentences he should at least know
that (what) he is doing."
Preface to English prisons Under
Lovel Govt: Preface by Bernard Shaw
Note on the margin
atribution (1)
Deterence (2)
Reform (3)
--------------------------------
Civilization and progress :-- " In the art of life man does nothing ; but in acts of
death he out does nature herself, and produces by chemistry and machinery all
the slaughter of plague , pestilence and famine. The peasant today eats anddrinks what was eaten and drunk by peasants ten thousand years ago; and thehome he lives in has not altered as much in a thousand centuries as the fashion
of a lady’s bonnet in a score of weeks. But when he goes out to slay , he carries
Occasion cannot make supers , young men. If you expect to wear spurs ,you
must win them. If you wish to use them ,you must buckle them to your heels
before you go into the fight. Any success you may achieve is not worth having
unless you fight for it. What ever you win in life you must conquer by your own
efforts , and then it is yours- a part of yourselves..... Let not poverty be obstaclesin your way. poverty is unconquerable, as but nine times out of the ten , the best
thing that can happen to a young man is to be thrown overboard ,to swim or sink
train of agree..... we called up for our entertainment ." [ Goldsmith’s ‘Vicar of
Wakefield pp32]
"Such as are poor and will associate none but the rich , are hated by those avoid
and despised by those they follow." [Idib pp41]
Conscience;- "The pain which conscience gives the man who has already done
wrong is soon over .Conscience is a coward ; and those faults it has not strength
enough to prevent it seldom has justice enough to accuse. ( Ibid pp43)
----------------- : 0 : -----------------
Sacrifice :--- " Sacrifice was adorable only when it was directly or remotely , but
reasonably felt to be indispensable for success. Sacrifice that leads not toultimate success is suicidal and had no place in the tactics of Maratha warfare"
Hindu Pad Padshahi P25
"To fight with these Marathas is to battle with the wind ,is to stripe on water
( p258)
---- That remains the despair of our age which has to write history without making
it , to sing of valorous deeds without . The daring abilities and opportunities that
can actualize them in life."
Hindu Pad Padshahi 256-66
-------- Although fetters of political slavery can at times be shaken off and
smashed , yet the fetters of cultural superposition are often found far more
difficult to knock off {272-3}
" Go Freedom , whose smiles we shall never resign ,
Go tell the invaders , the Dances ,
‘Tis sweater to bleed for an ageat thy shrine
Then to sleep but a minute in chains ." {Thomas Moore}
The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots
and tyrants. It is its natural manure.
Thomas Jefferson 332
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Chicago Martyrs :------
Say them ,that the man erred grievously, if his eror had been ten times as great ,
it ought to have been wiped from human recollection by his sacrifice.......
Granted freely that their idea of best man of making a protest was utterly wrong
and impossible , granted that they want not the best way to work . But what was it
that drove them into attack against the social order as they found it? They and
thousands of others that stood with them were not bad men nor depressed nor
blood thirsty, nor hard hearted , nor criminals nor selfish , nor crazy. Then what
was it that worked a complaint so bitter and deep seated...........
No one ever contemplated the simple fact that men do not bend themselves
together to make a protest without the belief that they have something to protest
about and that in any organised state of society a widespread protest is
something far garve enquiry.
Charles Edward Russell 333
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Page 24 Will of a Revolutionary
" I also wish my friends to speak ittle or not at all about me , because idols arecreated when men are praised , and this is very bad for the future of the human
race. Acts alone , no matter by whom committed , ought to be studied , praised or
blamed.Let them be praised in order that they may be imitated when thy seem to
contribute to the commonweal.Let them be censured when they are regarded as
I desire that on no occasion whether near or remote , nor for any reason what so
ever , shall demonstration of a political or religious character be made before my
remains, as I consider the time devoted to the dead would be better employed inimproving the conditons of the living most of whom stands in great need of this."
{ Will of Francisco Ferrer , Spanish educator
1859-1909 Executed after the Bacelona riots
by a plot of his clerical enemies.}
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Charity:
" Come follow me ." Said Jesus Christ to the rich youngmen.
To stay in his own set and invest his fortune in works of charity ,would have been
comparatively easy. Philanthropy has been fashionable in every age. Charity
takes the insurrectionary edge off of the poverty. Therefore the philanthropic rich
man is a benefactor to his fellow magnates and is made to feel their gratitude; to
him all doors of fashion swing. {But jesus issued a veto.} He denied the
legitimacy of alm-giving as a plaster for the deep lying sore in the social tissue.
...... Philanthropy as a substitute for justice - he would have none of it. Charity is
twice cursed - it harden him that gives and soften him that takes. It does more
harm to the poor than exploitaton , because it makes them willing to be exploited
. It breads slavishness which is moral suicide. The only thing Jesus would permit
a swollen fortune to do was to give itself to revolutionary propaganda in order that
swollen fortune might be forever after impossible............
Under the Socialist movement there is coming a time and the time may be evennow at hand , when improved conditions or adjusted wages will no longer bethought to be an answer to cry for labour; yes when these will be but an insult of the common intelligence. It is not for better wages, improved capialist conditionsor a share of capitalist profits that the Socialist movement is in the world; it is
here for the abolition or wages and profits and for the end of capitalism andprivate capital. Reformed political institutions boards of arbitration betweencapital and labour ,philanthropies and privilages that are but the capitalist’s gifts-none of these can much longer answer the question that is making the temples,thrones and Parliments of the nation tremble. There can be no peace betweenthe man who is down and the man who builds on his back. There can be noreconcilliation between classes; there can only be end of classes. It is idle to talkof goodwill untill there is first justice, and idle to talk of justice untill the man whomakes the world possesses the work of his own hands. The cry of the world’sworkers can be answered with nothing save the whole product of their work.
(George D. Herron)
Page 35
Wastes of Capitalism
Economic estimates about Austrelia by Theodore Hertzka (1886)
Every family = 5-roomed 40 ft sq House to last for 50 years
Workers’ workable age : 16 to 50
So we hve 5,000,000.
Labour of 615,000 workers is sufficient to produce food for 22,000,000 people =12.3% of labour
Including labour cost of transport ,luxuries need only 315,000 = 6.33% workers’labour
That amounts to this that 20% of the available labour is enough for supportingthe whole of continent. The rest 80% is exploited and wasted de to capitalist
order of society.
Page 36
Czarist Regime & the Bolshevish Regime
Fraigier Hunt tells that in the first fourteen months of their rule ,the Bolshiviksexecuted 4500 men , mostly for stealing and speculation.
After the 1905 Revolution , Stolypin , minister of Czar caused the excecution of 32773 men
within twelve months.
[ p390]
[ Brass Check]
Page 37
Permanency of the Social Institutions
It is one of the illusions of each generation that the social institutions in which itlives are, in some peculiar ‘sense’, "natural " , unchangeable and permanent. Yetfor countless thousands of years, social institutions have been successively
arising , developing, decaying and becoming gradually superseded by othersbetter adopted to contemporary needs.......
.... The question ,then , is not whether our present civilization will be transformed,but how it will be trasformed?
It may be considerate adaption , be made to pass gradually and peacefully into anew form . Or , if there is angry resistance instead of adaption ,it my crash ,leaving mankind painfully to build up a new civilization from the lower level of stage of social chaos and disorder in which not only the abuses but also thematerial, intellectual and moral gains of the previous order will have been lost.
P1 Decay of Cap. Civilization
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Page 38
Capitalism and Commercialism :----
Rabinder Nath’s adress to an assembly of Japanese students :---
" You had your own industry in Japan ; how scrupulously honest and true it was,you can see by its products - by their grace and strength , their conscientiousness in details where they can hardly be observed . But the tidalwave of falsehood has swept over your land from that part of the world wherebusiness is business and honesty is followed merely as the best policy. Have younever felt shame when you see the trade advertisements , not only plastering thewhole town with lies and exaggerations, but invading the green fields , where thepeasents do their honest labour, and to hilltops which greet the first light of the
morning?..... This commercialism with its barbarity of ugly decorations is aterrible menance to all humanity , because it is setting up the ideal of power over perfection . It is making the cult of self seekig exult in its nakedshamelessness.................
page 39 ... Its movements are violent , its noise is discardently loud. It is carryingits own damnation because it is trampling into distortion. The humanity uponwhich it stands .It is strenously turning out the money at the cost of happiness......... The vital ambition of the present civilization of Europe is to havethe exclusive possesion of devil.
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Capitalist Society :
"The foremost truth of political economy is that everyone desires to obtain
individual wealth with as little sacrifice as possible."
" Nassan Senior"
Page 40
Karl Marx on Religion :------
Man makes religion ; religion does not make man. Religion , indeed, is the self consciousness and the self feeling of man who either has not yet found himself or else ( have found himself) has lost himself once more. But men is not an
abstract being squatting down somewhere outside the world . Man is the world of men , the state , society. This state ,this society produces religion, produces aperverted world consciousness, because they are a perverted world. Religion isthe generalised theory of this world its encylopaedic compend , its logic in apopular form ........... The fight against religion is, therefore a direct compaignagainst the world whose spiritual aroma is religion
......................................
Page 41
continued from last page:------
Religion is the sigh of oppressed creature the feelings of a heartless world just asit is the spirit of inspiritual conditions. " It is the opium of the people"
The people cannot be really happy untill it has been deprived of illusory happinesby the abolition of religion. The demand that the people should shake itself free
of illusion as to its own condition is the demand that it should abondon acondition which needs illusion
The weapon of criticism cannot replace the critiism of weapons. Physical forcemust be overthrown by physical force as soon as it takes possesion of the
masses.
Page 42
A Revolution not Utopian
A radical revolution , the general amancipation of mankind , is not a utopiandream for Germany ; what is utopian is the idea of a partial, an exclusivelypolitical revolution , which would leave the pillar’s of the house standing.
" Great are great because
we are on knees
Let us Rise. "
Page 46
Democracy : ----
Democracy is theoratically a system of political and legal equality . But inconcrete and practical operation it is false, for there can be no equality , not evenin politics and before the law , so long as there is glaring in equality in economicpower. So long as the ruling class owns the worker’s jobs and the press and theschools of country and all organs for the moulding and expression of publicopinion; so long as it monopolise all trained public functionaries and disposes of unlimited funds to influence elections , so long as the laws are made by rulingclass and the courts are presided over by members of that class, so long aslawyers are private practitioners who sell their skill to the heighest bidder andlitigation is technical and costly , so long will the nominal equality before the lawbe a hollow mackery.
In a capitalist regime the whole machinary of democracy operates to keep theruling class monority in power thrugh the sufferage of working class majority, andwhen the bourgeois goverment feels itself endangered by democratic institutions,such institutions re often crushed without compunction.
Democracy does not secure " equal rights and a share in all political rights for
every body , to what ever class or party he may belong " (Kautsky) It only allowsfree political and legel play .For the existing economic inequalities .............Democracy under capitalism is thus not general, abstract democracy but specificbourgeois democracy .......... or as Lenin terms it ------------- democracy for bourgeois .
( ......... not readable ed. )
Page 47
" Term "Revolution" defined " :----
" The conception of revolution is not to be treated in the police interpretation of term , in the sense of an armed rising. A party would be mad that would choosethe method of insurrection on principle so long as it has at its disposal different ,less costly , and safer methods of action. In that sense , social democracy wasnever revolutioanry on principle . It is only in the sense that it recognises thatwhen it attains political power, it cannot employ it for any other than the abolitionof the mode of production upon which thw present system rests. "
" Karl Kautsky"
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Some facts and figures about United States
5 men can produce bread for 1000
1 man acn produce cotton cloth for 250
1 man can produce woollen for 300
1 man can produce boots and shoes for 1000
p78 Iron Heel
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15,000,000 are living in abject poverty who cannot even maintain their workingefficiency. 3,000,000 child labourer
It was the possibility of acting within the law that reared opportunism withinlabour parties of the period of Second International .
[ Lenin vide Collapse of II Int. N ]
Illegal Work
" In a country where the bourgeosie , or the counter - revolutionary SocialDemocracy is in power , te Communist Party must learn to coordinate its legalwork with illegal work and legal work must always be under the effective controlof illegal party."
Bukharin
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Betrayal of II Int. N’s Cause
The vast organisation of socialism and labour were adjusted to such peace timeactivities , and when the crisis came , a number of the leaders and large portionof masses were unable to adopt themselves to the new situation ...... It isinevitable development that accounts largely for the betrayal of II International.
" Grape shot --- (n) -- An argument which the future is preparing in answer to thedemands of American Socialism. "
Rifles !
" You say you will have majority in the Parliament and State offices , but " Howmany rifles have you got ? Do you know where you can get plenty of lead ?When it comes to powder , the chemical mixtures are better than mechanical
mixtures. You take my word."
p198 Iron Heel
Page 53
Power and its Achievement
A socialist leader had addressed a meeting of the plutocrats and charged them of mismanging the society and there by thrown the whole resposibilit for the woesand misery that confronts the suffering humanity.After wards a capitalist ( Mr.
Wickson)rose and addressed him as follows :
" This, then, is our answer . We have no words to waste on you. When you reachout your vaunted strong hands for our palaces and purpled ease , we will showyou what strength is. In roar os shell and shrapnel and in whine of machine gunswill our answer be couched. We will grind you revolutioists down under our heel,and we shall walk upon your faces. The world is ours. We are its lords and ours itshall remain. as for the host of labour. It has always been in the dirt since historybegan , and I read history aright. And in the dirt it shall remain so long as I andmine , and those that come after us , have the power.
There is the word. It is the king of words ---- Power. Not God , not mammon butpower. Pour it over your tongue till it tingles with it. "Power"
" I am answered." Earnest (the socialist leader) said quietly. " Itis the only answer that could be given. Power. It is what we of the working class preach. We knowand well we know by bitter experience that no appel for the right, for justice, for humanity can ever touch you. Your hearts are hard as your heels with which you
tread upon the faces of the poor. So we have preached power. By the Power of our ballots , on election day will we take your government away from you ........ "
" What if you do get a majority, a sweeping majority on election day." Mr. Wicksonbroke in to demand . "Suppose we refuse to turn the Government over to you
after you have captured it at the ballot box?"
Page 54
" That also we have considered, " Earnest replied. "And we shall give you ananswer in terms of lead. Power, you have proclaimed the king of words. Verygood! Power, it shall be. And in the day that we sweep to victory at the ballot box,and you refuse to turn over to us the government we have constitutionally andpeacefully captured and you demand what we are going to do about it -- ? --- inthat day. I say , we shall answer you ; and in roar of shell and shrapnel, in whineof machine guns shall our answer be couched .
" You can not escape us. It is true that you have read history aright. It is true thatlabour has , from the begining of history been in the dirt . And it is equally truethat so long as you and yours and those that come after you , have power, thatlabour shall remain in dirt. I agree with
you. I agree with all you have said. Power will be the arbiter, as it always havebeen the arbiter. It is a struggle of classes. Just as your class dragged down theold feudal nobility , so shall be draged down by my class, the working class. If you will read your biology and your sociology as clearly as do your history, youwill see that this end I have described is inevitable. It does not matter whether it
is in one year , ten or a thousand -- your class will be draged down .And it shallbe done by power. We of the labour host have coined that word over , till our minds are all atingle with it. Power. It is kingly word.
Iron Heel P 88
by Jack London
Page 55
Figures : ----
England :---
1922 -- Number of men employment - 1,135,000
1926 -- It has oscillated to 11/4 and 11/2 millions
The years 1911 to 1913 were times of unparalled class struggles of the miners,railwaymen, and transport workers generally. In August 1911, a national , in other words a general strike broke out on the railways . The vague shadow of
revolution hovered over Britain in those days. The leaders exerted all their strength in order to paralys the movement. Their motive was "Patriotism"; theaffair was occuring at the time of the Agadir incident which thretened to lead towar with Germany. As is well known today, the Premier summoned the workers’leaders to a secret council , and called them to salvation of he fatherland. Andleaders did all that lay in their power , strengthening the bourgeoisie and thuspreparing the way for the imperialist slaughter.
P3
Where is Britain going?
Trotsky
Page 56
Betrayal :--
Only after 1920 ,did the movement returns within bounds , after "Black Friday"when Triple alliance of miner’s ,railwatmen’s and transport leaders betrayed thegeneral strike.
P3
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For Reform a Threat of Revolution is necessary : ----
" The British bourgeoisie reckoned that by such means (reform) a revolutioncould be avoided. It follows, therefore, that even for the introduction of reforms ,the principle of gradualness alone is insufficient, and that an actual threat of revolution is necessary.
p29
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Social Solidarity :
It would seem that once we stand for the annihilation of a privileged class whichhas no desire to pass from the scene, we have there in the the basic contents of
class struggle. But no, Macdonald desires to "evoke" the consciousness of socialsolidarity . With whom? The solidarity of working class is the expression of itsinternal welding in the struggle with the bourgeoisie.
The social solidarity which Macdonald preaches is the solidarity of the exploited
with the exploiters in other words, the maintenance of exploitation.
Revolution a Calamity :-----
" The revolution in Russia ", says Macdonald, " taught us a great lesson. Itshowed that revolutions is a ruin and a calamity and nothing more."
Page 57
Revolution leads only to calamity ! But the British Democracy led to theimperialist war, ............ With the ruin of which the calamities of revolution cannot
,of course , be compared in the very least. But in addition to this , wht deaf earsand shameless face are necessary in order ,in the face of a revolution whichoverthrew Tzarism, nobility and bougeoisie, shook the church , awakened to anew life a nation of 130 million, a whole family of nations , to decare thatrevolution is a calamity and nothing more.
p 64
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Peaceful ? : ----
When and where did the ruling class ever yield power and property on the order of a peaceful vote -- and especially such a class as the British bourgeoisie whichhas behind it centuries of world rapacity ?
p 66
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Aim of socialism :--- Peace
It is absolutely unchallenged that the aim of socialism is to eliminate force, first of all in its most crude and bloody forms , and afterwards in other more concealedforms.
A good man with scythe can reap 1 acre a day ( 12 hours)
A machine does the same work in 20 minutes.
Six men with flials can thresh 60 liters of wheat in half an hour
One machine thresher can do 12 times as much .
" The increased effectiveness of man - labour aided by the use of machinery .......varies from 150 % in the case of rye to 2,244 % in the case of Barley.......... "
Page 59
The wealth of U.S.A and its Population : 1850 - 1912
per capita T. Population
In 1850 total wealth was $ 7,135,780,000 $ 308 = 23,191,876
1860 Total wealth was $ 16,159,616,000 $ 514 = 31,443,321
1870 " $ 30,068,518,000 $ 780 = 38,558,371
1880 " $ 43,642,000,000 $ 870 = 50,155,783
1890 $ 65,037,091,000 $ 1,036 = 62,947,714
1900 $ 88,517,307,000 $ 1,165 = 75,994,575
1904 $ 107,104,202,000 $ 1,318 = 82,416,551
1912 $ 187,139,071,000 $ 1,965 = 95,410,503
Due to the use of machinary
: 0 :
The machine is social in nature as the tool was individual
" Deliver me , those rickety perishing souls of infants , and let the cotton tradetake its chance."
P 81
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The man cannot be sacrificed to machine .The machine must serve mankind. Yetthe danger to the human race lurks , menancing in the Industrial Regime.
Poverty and Riches P 81
Scott Nearing
Page 60
Man and Machinary :
C. Hanford Henderson in his " Pay Day" writes :
" This institution of industry the most primitive of all institution , organised anddeveloped in order to free mankind from tyranny of Things , has become it self the greater tyrant degrading a multitude into the conditions of slaves - slavesdoomed to produce , through long and weary hours , a senseless glut of thingsand then forced to suffer for the lack of the very things they have produced. "
Pov. Riches P 87
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Man is not Machinary :---
The combination of steel and fire ,which man has produced and called a machine, which man has produced and called machine , must be ever the servant, never the master of man. Neither the machine nor the machine owner may rule thehuman race.
Imperiaism is capitalism in that stage of developent in which monopolies andfinancial capital have attained a preponderating influence, the export of capitalhas acquired great importance the international trusts have begun the partition of world , and the biggest capitalist countries have completed the division of theentire terrestrial globe among themselves. "
Lenin
Page 61
Dictatorship : ----
Dictatorship is an authority relying directly upon force , and not bound by anylaws.
The revolutionary dictatorship of the proltariat is an authority managed by the
proletariate by means of force over and against the bourgeoisie , and not boundby any laws.
Prol. Rev p18 Lenin
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Revolutionary Dictatorship :---
Revolution is an act in which one section of the population imposes its will uponthe other by rifles, bayonets , guns and other such exceedingly authoritarian
means. And the party which has won is necessarily compelled to maintain its ruleby means of that fear which in arms inspire in the reactionaries. If the Communeof Paris had not relied upon the armed people as against bourgeoisie , would ithave maintained it self more than twenty- four hours? Are we not, in contrary,
justified in reproaching the commune for having employed this authority toolittle ?"
F.Engles
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Bourgeoisie Democracy : ---
Bourgeoisie Democracy while constituting a great historical advance incomparison with feudalism nevertheless remains and cannot but remain , a verylimited , a very hypocritical institution , a paradise for the rich and a trap and adelusion for the exploited and for the poor.
Not only the ancient and feudal, but also the representative state of today is an
instrument of exploitation of wage labour by capital."
Engles
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Dictatorship : ------
"Since the state is only a temporary institution which is to be made use inrevolution in order forcibly to suppress the opponents. It is perfectly absurd to talkabout a free popular state ; so long as the proletariat still needs it not in the
interest of freedom ; but in order to suppress its opponents , and when itbecomes possible to speak of freedom the state , as such ,ceases to exist. "
Engels in his letter to Babels March 28th 1875
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The impatient Idealist :-----
The impatient idealist --- and without some impatience a man hardly proveeffective --- is almost sure to be led into hatered by the opposition, and
disappointments which he encounters in his endeavaour to bring happiness tothe world.
Bertrand Russell
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Page 63
Leader :--
" No time need have gone to ruin" writes Carlyle , " Could it have found a mangreat enough , a man wise and good enough ; wisdom to dicern truely what thetime wanted valour to lead it on the right road thither; these are the salvation of any time."
Kautsky had written a booklet with the title "Proletariate Dictatorship" and haddeplored the act of Bolsheviks in depriving the burgeoisie people from right tovote. Lenin writes in his "Proletarian Revolution " : -- P 77
Arbitariness ! Only tink what a depth of meanest subserviency to bourgeoisie and
of the most idiotic pedantry is contained in such a reproach , when thoroughlybourgeios and for the most part even reactionaries jurists of capitalist countrieshave in the course of , we may almost say , centuries , been drawing up rulesand regulations and writing up hundreds of volumes of various codes and laws ,and of interpretations of them to oppress the workers , to bind hand and foot (of)the poor men , and to place a hundred and one hindrances and ob
stacles in the way of the simple and toiling masses of people --- when this isdone , the bourgeois Liberals and Mr. Kautsky can see no "arbitrariness"! It is allLaw and Order ! It has all been thought out and written down, how the poor manis to be kept dwn and squeezed. There are thousands and thousands of
bourgeois lawyers and officials able to interpret the laws that the workers andaverage peasent can never break through their barbed wire entanglements. Thisof course ,is not a dictatorship of the filthy or profit-seeking exploiters who aredrinking the blood of te people. Oh it is nothing of the kind! It is ‘pure democracy’which is becoming purer Page 64 and purer everyday. But when the toiling andexploited masses for the first time in history seprated by Imperialist War fromtheir brothers across the frontier, have constructed their Soviets, havesummoned to the workers of political constrution , the classes which thebourgeois used to oppress and to stupefy, and begun themselves to build up anew proletarian State, begun in the midest of raging battles ,in the fire of CivilWar, to lay down the fundamental principles of "a State without exploiters" , then
all the scoundrals of the bourgeoisie , the entire band of blood suckers, withKautsky, singing ‘obliger to’ scream about arbitariness!"
Lenin p77-78
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Party :--
But it has become clear that no revolution is possible unless there is a party ableto lead the revolution.
( p 15 Lessons of October 1917 )
A party is the instrument indespensible to a proletarian revolution.
Law, morality. religion are to him ( the woring man ) so many bourgeoisprejudices behind which lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests.
Karl Marx -- Menifesto
Page 67
Autograph of Sh B K Dutta
12th July ‘30
Autograph of Mr. B K Dutta taken on 12th July ‘30 in Cell No 137 Central jailLahore four days before his final departure from this jail .
Sd/- Bhagat Singh
Page 68
Blank
Page 69
Aim of communists : ---
" The communists disdain to conceal their views and aim. They openly declarethat their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing socialconditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The
proletarians have nothing to loose but their chains. They have a world to winWorkingmen of all countries , unite.
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Aim of Communist Revolution :---
" We have seen above , that the first step in the revolution by working class is toraise the proletriat to the position of ruling class, to win the battle of democracy towrest , by degree , all capital from the bourgeoisie , to centralise all instrumentsof production in the hands of the State , i.e of the proletraiat organised as theruling class, and to increase the total of productive forces as rapidly as possible. "
" Communist Manifesto "
Page 70
To point out the mistakes of Karl Marx :-----
..... And it certainly looks as if Trotsky belonged to what Germans called theschool of "real politics " and was as innocent as Bismarck of any ideology at all.And it is therefore rather curious to note that even Trotsky is not revolutionaryenough to say that Marx had made mistake; but feels obliged to devote a page or so to the task of exegesis -- that is , proving that the sacred books meantsomething quite different from what they said.
Preface to The lessons of October 1917
by Trotsky
Preface by A.Susan Lawrence
Voice of the People :-----
The Goverment we know have all ruled , in the main, by indifference of people;they have always been gov’t of a minority of this or that fraction of the countrywhich is politically conscious. But when the gaint wakes , he will have his way ,and all that matters to the world is whether he will wake in time.
Preface
Page 71
" It so often happens." wrote Lenin in July 1917, " that when events take asudden turn, even an advanced party cannot adapt itself for some time to thenew coditions. It goes on repeating yesterday’s watch words which under the
new circumstances have become empty of meaning and which have lostmeaning ‘unexpectedly’ , just in proportion as the change of in events has beenunexpected. "
Lesson of October P17
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Tactics and Strategy : -------
In politics as in war , tactics means the art of conducting isolated operations ;strategy means the art of victory , that is the actual seizure of power.
P 18
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Propoganda and Action :----
And it is an extremely sudden change, when the party of Proletriat passes fromprepration , from propaganda and organisation and agitation to an actual strugglefor power and an actual insurrection against bougeoisie . Those in the party whoare irresolute or sceptical , or compromising, or cowardly ..... oppose theinsurrection, they look for theortical arguments to justify their opposition, and theyfind them all ready made , among their opponents of yesterday.
Trotsky p 19
Page 72
" It is necessary to direct ourselves, not by old formulas but by new realities."
Time is an important factor in politics. It is thousand times more so in war andrevolution. Things can be done today that cannot be done tomorrow. To raise inarms to defeat the enemy , to seize power, may be possible today and tomorrowmay be impossible. But, you will say , to seize power means changing the course
of history; is it possible that such a thing can depend on a delay of 24 hours?Even so, when it comes to an armed insurrection, events are not measured bylong yards of politics but by short yards of war. To lose a few weeks , a few days ,sometimes even one day , may mean giving up the revolution , may meancapitulation.
Political cunning is always dangerous , especially in a revolution . You maydeceive the enemy, but you may confuse the masses who are following you.
Page 74
Hesitation :----
Hesitation on the part of the leaders, and felt by their followers , is generallyharmful in politics; but in the case of an armed insurrection, it is a deadly danger.
War :----
......... War is war ; come what may, there must be no hesitation or loss of time.