-
NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine National Center for
Biotechnology Information
BUTYL METHACRYLATE
Vendors
Pharmacology
Literature
Patents
Bioactivities
Also known as: 97-88-1, N-Butyl methacrylate, butyl
2-methylprop-2-enoate, Butylmethacrylate, Methacrylic acid, butyl
ester, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl esterMolecular Formula: C
H O
Molecular Weight: 142.19556 g/mol
InChI Key: SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII: R5QX287XXU
8 14 2
Compound Summary for CID 7354
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Contents
Related Records
Chemical Vendors
Pharmacology and Biochemistry
Use and Manufacturing
Safety and Hazards
Accidental Release Measures
Handling and Storage
Exposure Control and Personal Protection
Stability and Reactivity
Transport Information
Regulatory Information
Other Safety Information
Toxicity
Literature
Patents
Biological Test Results
Classification
Information Sources
1 2D Structure
2 3D Conformer
3 Identification
4 Chemical and Physical Properties
Page 2 of 48BUTYL METHACRYLATE | C8H14O2 - PubChem
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from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1 2D Structure
Search Download
Page 3 of 48BUTYL METHACRYLATE | C8H14O2 - PubChem
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from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2 3D Conformer
Search Download
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3 Identification
3.1 Computed Descriptors
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov butyl
2-methylprop-2-enoate
3.1.1 IUPAC Name
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
InChI=1S/C8H14O2/c1-4-5-6-10-8(9)7(2)3/h2,4-6H2,1,3H3
3.1.2 InChI
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3.1.3 InChI Key
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
CCCCOC(=O)C(=C)C
3.1.4 Canonical SMILES
3.2 Other Identifiers
from EPA Chemical Data Report [2] http://www.epa.gov/cdr/
from EPA Chemical Data Report [3] http://www.epa.gov/cdr/
9011-15-8
97-88-1
3.2.1 CAS
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
from ECHA [5] http://echa.europa.eu/
202-615-1
202-615-1
3.2.2 EC Number
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
1018
3.2.3 ICSC Number
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
OZ3675000
3.2.4 RTECS Number
3.2.5 UN Number
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from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
2227
from FDA/SPL Indexing data
[6]http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/StructuredProductLabeling/ucm377913.htm
R5QX287XXU 3.2.6 UNII
3.3 Synonyms
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1. BUTYL METHACRYLATE2. 97-88-13. N-Butyl methacrylate4. butyl
2-methylprop-2-enoate5. Butylmethacrylate6. Methacrylic acid, butyl
ester7. 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester8. Butyl
2-methacrylate9. 2-Methyl-butylacrylate
10. Poly(butyl methacrylate)
11. Butylmethacrylaat12. Butil metacrilato13.
n-butylmethacrylate14. Butyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate15. Butyl
methacrylate homopolymer16. Polybutyl methacrylate17.
2-Methyl-butylacrylat18. Methacrylate de butyle19.
2-Methyl-butylacrylaat20. Methacrylsaeurebutylester
21. 2-Methylacrylic acid, b22. Butyl methacrylate mo23.
Butylmethacrylaat [Dut24. Poly(n-butyl methacryl25.
UNII-R5QX287XXU26. Butil metacrilato [Italian27. Methacrylic Acid
Butyl 28. CCRIS 476029. HSDB 28930. 2-Methyl-butylacrylaat
3.3.1 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2005-03-26
3.4 Create Date
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4 Chemical and Physical Properties
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Molecular Weight 142.19556 g/mol
Molecular Formula C H O
XLogP3 2.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Rotatable Bond Count 5
Exact Mass 142.09938 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 142.09938 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 26.3 A^2
Heavy Atom Count 10
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 127
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
4.1 Computed Properties
8 14 2
4.2 Experimental Properties
from EPA Chemical Data Report [2] http://www.epa.gov/cdr/
from EPA Chemical Data Report [3] http://www.epa.gov/cdr/
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
DryPowder
Liquid
COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.
4.2.1 Physical Description
Colorless liquidLewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical
Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY
2007., p. 201
4.2.2 Color
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Faint characteristic odor of estersClayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton
(eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B,
2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley &
Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 3010
4.2.3 Odor
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
160 deg CLide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH
Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL
2007, p. 3-80
163 C
4.2.4 Boiling Point
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
freezing point: less than -75 deg CLewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's
Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 201
-50 C
4.2.5 Melting Point
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
126 deg F (52 deg C) (open cup)Association of American
Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous
Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American
Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 325-26
50 C
4.2.6 Flash Point
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Very soluble in ethyl ether, ethanolLide, D.R. CRC Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor
& Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-80
In water, 800 mg/L at 25 deg CPenzel E; Ullmann's Encyclopedia
of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (2008). New York, NY: John Wiley
& Sons; Polyacrylates. Online Posting Date: Jun 15, 2000.
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25C: 0.08 (very poor)
4.2.7 Solubility
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
0.8936 g/cu cm at 20 deg CLide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry
and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-80
Relative density (water = 1): 0.9
4.2.8 Density
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
4.8 (Air = 1)Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F:
Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.,
1993-1994., p. 3001
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.9 ; Relative density of the
vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1.01
4.2.9 Vapor Density
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
2.12 mm Hg at 25 deg CDaubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and
Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation.
Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.
Vapour pressure, kPa at 20C: 0.3
4.2.10 Vapor Pressure
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
log Kow = 2.88Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR -
Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC:
American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 48
2.26-3.01
4.2.11 LogP
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
562 deg FLewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of
Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley &
Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2400
290 C
4.2.12 Auto-Ignition
4.2.13 Decomposition
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
When heated to decomp it emits acrid smoke and irritating
fumes.Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial
Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2400
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
3.116 cP at 70 deg FU.S. Coast Guard, Department of
Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
1.02 mm/s at 24C
4.2.14 Viscosity
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
-14,800 BTU/lb = -8,230 cal/g = -344X10+5 J/kg (est)U.S. Coast
Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical
Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office,
1984-5.
4.2.15 Heat of Combustion
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Violent polymerization can be caused by heat, moisture,
oxidizers.Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of
Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley &
Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2400
Methyl methacrylate, and in general the methacrylic esters,
polymerize much less readily than the corresponding ordinary
acrylates. Nonetheless, they are stabilized by adding hydroquinone
or pyrogallol, particularly in the presence of metallic copper.
/Methacrylates/
Lefaux, R. Practical Toxicology of Plastics. Cleveland: CRC
Press Inc., 1968., p. 88
4.2.16 Polymerization
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Readily polymerizedLewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical
Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY
2007., p. 201
Liquid water interfacial tension: 35 dynes/cm = 0.035 N/m at 20
deg C; Heat of polymerization: -180 BTU/lb = -100 cal/g = -4.2X10+5
J/kg; Reid vapor pressure: low
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS -
Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
Liquid heat capacity: 0.460 BTU/lb-F at 70 deg F; Liquid thermal
conductivity: 1.048 BTU-in/hr-sq ft-F at 70 deg F; Saturated vapor
density: 0.00203 lb/cu ft at 70 deg F
4.2.17 Other Experimental Properties
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS -
Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
It weighs about 7.5 lb/gal.Association of American Railroads.
Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface
Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads,
Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 110
Henry's Law constant = 4.96X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 deg C
(est)US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.0.
Jan, 2009. Available from, as of Dec 21, 2009:
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.3X10-11 cu
cm/molec-sec at 25 deg C (est)US EPA; Estimation Program Interface
(EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.0. Jan, 2009. Available from, as of Dec 21,
2009: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Index of refraction: 1.4240 at 20 deg C/DLide, D.R. CRC Handbook
of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor
& Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-80
MAX ABSORPTION (ALC): 214 NM (LOG E= 3.83); SADTLER REF NUMBER:
14049 (IR, PRISM)Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p.
C-465
IR: 4291 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)Lide, D.R.,
G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume
I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V5: 4554
1H NMR: 7228 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral
Collection)Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on
Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton
,FL. 1994., p. V5: 4554
MASS: 768 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons,
New York)Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on
Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton
,FL. 1994., p. V5: 4554
4.3 Spectral Properties
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5 Related Records
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Literature (25) Bioactivities (97) Patents (1253)
5.1 Related Compounds with Annotation
4-n-butylanilino dATP 3-hepten-2-one paladon
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Same Connectivity (3)
Same Parent, Connectivity (16)
Same Parent, Exact (14)
Mixtures, Components, and Neutralized Forms (385)
Similar Compounds (121)
Similar Conformers (2662)
5.2 Related Compounds
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
All (1094)
Same (79)
Mixture (1015)
5.3 Related Substances
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov PubMed (22)
5.4 Entrez Crosslinks
Download
Page 12 of 48BUTYL METHACRYLATE | C8H14O2 - PubChem
3/16/2015http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/butyl_methacrylate
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Vendor/Supplier Purchasable Chemical PubChem SID
3B_SCI 3B4-1276 184608781
TractusRTR-033101 204378198
TR-033101 135561518
ChemExper Chemical Directory HedD@@SHheDTuMT@@ 3139203
Chembo KB-200673 172851383
Sigma-Aldrich
181528_ALDRICH 24850940
235865_ALDRICH 24854121
81456_FLUKA 24887775
81457_FLUKA 24887776
81458_FLUKA 24887777
81464_FLUKA 24887783
81471_FLUKA 24887787
81473_FLUKA 24887788
81474_FLUKA 24887789
81475_FLUKA 24887790
MP Biomedicals201819 56366485
211222 51072968
Angene ChemicalAG-K-84425 136564167
AGN-PC-0A8UEV 192574708
A&J Pharmtech CO., LTD.CJ-05452 223490806
CJ-25043 223510397
MolPort MolPort-003-927-306 91690360
ABI ChemAC1L1OKJ 104314704
AC1Q66T7 117581244
Mcule MCULE-4077978269 169513231
Anward ANW-42150 160809650
Vitas-M LaboratoryBBL011464 125326133
STL146576 125275650
TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry) M0081 87572193
ChemFrog 888-584-329 125563315
6 Chemical Vendors
Refine/Analyze Download
Page 13 of 48BUTYL METHACRYLATE | C8H14O2 - PubChem
3/16/2015http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/butyl_methacrylate
-
from PubChem [7] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Ambinter BB_SC-7032 102852045
IS Chemical TechnologyI04-9128 135366188
I14-8710 99299434
Finetech Industry Limited FT-0689210 164779429
AKos Consulting & Solutions AKOS005720977 132003604
ChemMol49412394 126673745
99184973 241175869
Amadis Chemical 205159 171578316
King Scientific KSC492S3H 163809213
RennoTech Co., Ltd. RL06098 174531781
AN PharmaTech AN-19444 223684755
Chembase.cn 106902 162087337
AAA Chemistry AR-1I1295 103815501
ZINC ZINC01577269 12076239
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7 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Recent studies have confirmed that alkyl-methacrylate esters are
rapidly hydrolyzed by ubiquitous carboxylesterases ... First pass
(local) hydrolysis of the parent ester has been shown to be
significant for all routes of exposure. For example, no parent
ester can be measured systemically following skin exposure to EMA
and larger esters, as the lower rate of absorption for these esters
is within the metabolic capacity of the skin ... Parent ester will
also be effectively hydrolyzed within the G.I. tract and within the
tissues of the upper respiratory tract (particularly the olfactory
tissue). Systemically absorbed parent ester will be effectively
removed during the first pass through the liver ... resulting in
their relatively rapid elimination from the body ... /Short chain
alkyl-methacrylate esters/
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.16 (April 2004). Available
from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
7.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
from HSDB [1]
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http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
n-BMA, like MMA, is rapidly metabolized by body
carboxylesterases ... Hydrolysis of n-BMA yields methacrylic acid
and n-butanol which are further metabolized by physiological
pathways, methacroyl CoA being a physiological substrate of the
valine pathway.
European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl methacrylate
(97-88-1) p.51 (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of
February 22, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Butyl methacrylate interacts with cytochrome P450 to form type 1
spectral complex.European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl
methacrylate (97-88-1) p.54 (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from,
as of February 22, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
In vitro hydrolysis of n-BMA was studied using a porcine liver
esterase preparation. The Michaelis Menten constant, Km, and Vmax
were on the order of 30 uM and 1.49 nmol/min, indicating that n-BMA
is readily hydrolyzed by liver esterases. When compared to other
methacrylic acid esters, increased chain length of the ester
increased substrate affinity but decreased the turnover of the
enzymatic hydrolysis.
European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl methacrylate
(97-88-1) p.55 (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of
February 22, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Acrylates and methacrylates are detoxified predominantly via
conjugation with glutathione via the Michael addition reaction or
glutathione-S-transferase. They are also likely to be hydrolyzed
via carboxylesterases. The lower molecular weight esters are
rapidly metabolized and eliminated, therefore, will not likely
cause cumulative toxicity.
Bisesi MS; Patty's Toxicology CD-ROM (2005). NY, NY: John Wiley
& Sons; Esters of Mono- and Alkenyl Carboxylic Acids and Mono-
and Polyalcohols. Online Posting Date: April 16, 2001.
Methyl methacrylate and other short chain alkyl-methacrylate
esters are initially hydrolyzed by non-specific carboxylesterases
to methacrylic acid and the structurally corresponding alcohol in
several tissues. Methacrylic acid and the corresponding alcohol are
subsequently cleared predominantly via the liver (valine pathway
and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, respectively). The
carboxylesterases are a group of non-specific enzymes that are
widely distributed throughout the body and are known to show high
activity within many tissues and organs, including the liver,
blood, GI tract, nasal epithelium and skin ... Those organs and
tissues that play an important role and/or contribute substantially
to the primary metabolism of the short-chain, volatile,
alkyl-methacrylate
7.2 Metabolism/Metabolites
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
esters are the tissues at the primary point of exposure, namely
the nasal epithelia and the skin, and systemically, the liver and
blood. /Short chain alkyl-methacrylate esters/
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 pp.15-16 (April 2004).
Available from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
Recent studies have confirmed that alkyl-methacrylate esters are
rapidly hydrolyzed by ubiquitous carboxylesterases ... First pass
(local) hydrolysis of the parent ester has been shown to be
significant for all routes of exposure. For example, no parent
ester can be measured systemically following skin exposure to EMA
and larger esters, as the lower rate of absorption for these esters
is within the metabolic capacity of the skin ... Parent ester will
also be effectively hydrolyzed within the G.I. tract and within the
tissues of the upper respiratory tract (particularly the olfactory
tissue). Systemically absorbed parent ester will be effectively
removed during the first pass through the liver ... resulting in
their relatively rapid elimination from the body ... /Short chain
alkyl-methacrylate esters/
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.16 (April 2004). Available
from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
Small quantities of methacrylates may readily be metabolized by
saponification into the alcohol and methacrylic acid. The latter
may form an acetyl-co A derivative, which then enters the normal
lipid metabolism. /Methacrylates/
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene
and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 3008
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
The cause of the lacrimatory action of esters containing
unsaturated acids is undoubtedly the result of some mechanism ...
in which the neighboring keto group has a polarizing effect on
double bond, making it capable of adding /to/ nucleophilic agents
such as SH groups /from certain enzymes/. /Unsaturated aliphatic
esters/
Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II:
Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p.
1878
7.3 Mechanism of Action
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8 Use and Manufacturing
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Reaction of methacrylic acid or methyl methacrylate with
butanol.Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary
15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p.
201
The methacrylates can be synthesized by catalytic oxidation of
isobutylene and subsequent esterification with the appropriate
alcohol, or by reacting acetone with hydrocyanic acid and
subsequent esterification in sulfuric acid with the appropriate
alcohol. /Methacrylic esters/
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene
and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 3008
8.1 Methods of Manufacturing
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Typical impurities include Methyl acrylic acid (MAA) (CAS
79-41-4) or MMA (CAS 80-62-6) (depending whether the direct
esterification or trans-esterification route is used), the
unreacted alcohol and water.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.7 (April 2004). Available
from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
8.2 Impurities
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Technical grade (inhibited)Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed
Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New
York, NY 2007., p. 201
Inhibitor of polymerization: 9-15 ppm monomethyl ether or 90-120
ppm hydroquinone.U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation.
CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
8.3 Formulations/Preparations
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Automotive coatings 46% (9.5% is after market), toners 28%,
lubricants 11%, architectural paints 2%, other lacquers and enamels
2.6%, powder coatings 9.6%, floor polishes 1%
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.10 (April 2004). Available
from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
8.4 Consumption
8.5 U.S. Production
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
(1972) > 4.54 X 10+5 gSRI
(1975) > 4.54 X 10+5 gSRI
(1993) 2.61 X 10+7 kg (2.61 X 10+10 g)United States
International Trade Commission. Synthetic Organic Chemicals -
United States Production and Sales, 1993. USITC Publication 2810,
Nov. 1994. Washington, D.C., p. 3-85
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester is listed as a High
Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as
HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million
pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990
Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B;
51FR21438).
EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production
Volume (HPV) Challenge Program. 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl
ester (97-88-1). Available from, as of February 24, 2010:
http://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/general/opptsrch.htm
Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under
the Inventory Update Rule. Year Production Range (pounds)
1986 >10 million - 50 million
1990 >10 million - 50 million
1994 >50 million - 100 million
1998 >50 million - 100 million
2002 >50 million - 100 million
US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted
by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update
Rule (IUR). 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester (97-88-1).
Available from, as of February 24, 2010:
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.html
Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under
the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: 2-Propenoic acid,
2-methyl-, butyl ester. Aggreated National Production Volume: 50 to
< 100 million lbs.
US EPA; Non-Confidential 2006 Inventory Update Reporting.
National Chemical Information. 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl
ester (97-88-1). Available from, as of October 2, 2009:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/iursearch/index.cfm?s=chem&err=t
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
METHOD WAS DEVELOPED FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY DETERMINATION OF
METHYL ACRYLATE, METHYL METHACRYLATE, BUTYL ACRYLATE, AND BUTYL
METHACRYLATE IN AIR IN PRESENCE OF SOME OTHER CMPD. THE METHOD
CONSISTS OF THE DETERMINATION OF METHYL AND BUTYL ESTERS IN PAIRS
FROM DIFFERENT SAMPLES UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SEPARATION ON
COLUMNS CONTAINING 10% PMS-100 ON CELYTE-545, 10% KEE 60 ON
CHROMOSORB-W, AND 7% DDF ON CHROMOSORB-W. THE SENSITIVITY OF THE
METHOD IS ... 0.002 MG/CU M FOR BUTYL ACRYLATE AND BUTYL
METHACRYLATE.
KOMRAKOVA EA, KUZNETSOVA LV; GIG SANIT 1: 43-5 (1981)
8.6 Analytic Laboratory Methods
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
THE ELECTRON-IMPACT AND METHANE CHEM-IONIZATION MASS SPECTRA OF
SELECTED ACRYLATE AND METHACRYLATE MONOMERS, INCLUDING BUTYL
METHACRYLATE, COMMONLY USED IN DENTAL MATERIALS ARE REPORTED AND
DISCUSSED. THE TWO IONIZATION MODES COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER, AND
TOGETHER THE MASS SPECTRA OFFER ADEQUATE INFORMATION FOR
IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES. THE APPLICATION OF THE MASS SPECTRAL
METHOD IS DEMONSTRATED ON RESIN-BASED DENTAL MATERIALS WITH
IDENTIFICATION OF THE MONOMER CONTENT.
GJOES N ET AL; ANAL CHIM ACTA 149: 87-99 (1983)
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), polarography, and spectrometry
are used for soln measurements. Methacrylates in air have been
analyzed by TLC, polarography, and colorimetry. Polarography has
been used for determination of any residual monomer in the polymer.
A variety of spectroscopic techniques, eg, NMR, IR, and Raman
spectroscopy also have been used, particularly for analysis of
surgical cements and dental restorative resins. /Methacrylic acid
& derivatives/
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed.,
Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p.
15(81) 368
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9 Safety and Hazards
9.1 Hazards Identification
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Signal: WarningFlammable liquid and vapourCauses skin
irritationCauses eye irritationMay cause an allergic skin
reactionMay cause respiratory irritationMay be harmful if swallowed
and enters airwaysHarmful to aquatic life
9.1.1 GHS Classification
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Flammable.
9.1.2 Fire Hazard
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Above
50C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.
9.1.3 Explosion Hazard
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Redness.
9.1.4 Skin Hazard
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Sore
throat. Cough. Shortness of breath.
9.1.5 Inhalation Hazard
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain.
9.1.6 Eye Hazard
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Cough.
Sore throat. Abdominal cramps. Nausea.
9.1.7 Ingestion Hazard
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
FlammableCommission of the European Communities. Legislation on
Dangerous Substances - Classification and Labelling in the European
Communities. Vol. II. London and Trotman Ltd., 1989., p. 358
9.1.8 Fire Potential
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Contact can irritate the eyes and skin. Inhalation can irritate
the respiratory tract with coughing, wheezing, and/or shortness of
breath.
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and
Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes
Publications, 2002., p. 420
Irritating to eyes, resp system and skin.Commission of the
European Communities. Legislation on Dangerous Substances -
Classification and Labelling in the European Communities. Vol. II.
London and Trotman Ltd., 1989., p. 358
9.1.9 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
9.2 Safety and Hazard Properties
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Lower flammable limit: 2% in air; Upper flammable limit: 8% in
air (estimates)U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation.
CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
9.2.1 Flammability
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Health: 1. 1 = Materials that, under emergency conditions, can
cause significant irritation.Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous
Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association,
2002., p. 325-26
Flammability: 2. 2 = Materials that must be moderately heated or
exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can
occur. Materials in this degree would not under normal conditions
form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient
temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in
sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with
air.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA:
National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-26
Instability: 2. 2 = Materials that readily undergo violent
chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA:
National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-26
9.2.2 NFPA Hazard Classification
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 As a
result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be
generated.
9.2.3 Physical Danger
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 The
substance may polymerize due to heating, under the influence of
moisture, oxidants or light. This generates fire or explosion
hazard.
9.2.4 Chemical Danger
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from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 TLV not
established.MAK: Sensitization of skin (SH); (DFG 2009).EU OEL (
selected):.
9.2.5 Occupational Exposure Limits
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 No
indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful
concentration of this substance in the air is reached on
evaporation at 20C.
9.2.6 Inhalation Risk
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Lachrymation. The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and
respiratory tract. If swallowed the substance may cause vomiting
and could result in aspiration pneumonitis. Medical observation is
indicated.
9.2.7 Effects of Short Term Exposure
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.
9.2.8 Effects of Long Term Exposure
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Lower explosive limit: 2%; Upper explosive limit: 8%.Lewis, R.J.
Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th
Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ.
2004., p. 2400
Forms an explosive mixture with air.Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic
and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H
Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 419
Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or
flame.Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial
Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2400
Explosive limits, vol% in air: 1-8
9.2.9 Explosive Limits and Potential
9.3 First Aid Measures
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Use
foam, carbon dioxide.
9.3.1 Fire First Aid
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from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 In case
of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
9.3.2 Explosion First Aid
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Fresh
air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.
9.3.3 Inhalation First Aid
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Remove
contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.
Refer for medical attention .
9.3.4 Skin First Aid
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Rinse
with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily
possible).
9.3.5 Eye First Aid
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Rinse
mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .
9.3.6 Ingestion First Aid
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide.Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's
Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition.
Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p.
2400
If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire
unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as
fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected
containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as
far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon
dioxide. /Butyl methacrylate, combustible liquid, N.O.S.,and
n-butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives.
Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface
Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO.
2005, p. 151-2
9.4 Fire Fighting Measures
9.5 Accidental Release Measures
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and
vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do
NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid
in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert
absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local
regulations.
9.5.1 Spillage Disposal
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of
protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be
contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition
product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than
applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria.
Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted
wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by
the governing authority and assurance that "pass through"
violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to
remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as
well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not
practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be
evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically
Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and
federal requirements for disposal.
Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing
protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is
complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation
to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in
vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material
and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak
after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and
dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or
contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of
potentially contaminated waters.
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and
Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes
Publications, 2002., p. 420
9.5.2 Cleanup Methods
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an
alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for
occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or
return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the
chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality;
potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant
life; and conformance with environmental and public health
regulations.
Options for disposal of waste or spilled material: large
quantities can be returned to the manufacturer for recycle. Small
quantities may be incinerated under controlled conditions in
incinerators suitable for methacrylates. Combustion products
include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. The product
must be disposed of as special waste in accordance with regulations
for special waste.
European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl methacrylate
(97-88-1) p.7 (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of February
22, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
9.5.3 Disposal Methods
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by
industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental
effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the
substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance,
characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye
protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there
may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive
properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be
harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should
not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment
should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a
manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who
handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance
procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures
should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective
clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated
clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of
shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for
cleaning.
9.5.4 Other Preventative Measures
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
... Hazard is the generation of considerable exothermic heat in
some of the reactions, so that high pressures & temp may
develop. This danger ... should be borne in mind when designing
plant. Awareness of the dangers andof good engineering design are
essential to safety. Employees should be instructed about the
necessity of cleansing the skin if it is contaminated by materials
which are irritants or skin-absorbed. With careful design, however,
and complete enclosure of those processes where toxic chemicals or
intermediates occur, dangerous exposures can be avoided. /Acrylic
acid & derivatives/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health
and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International
Labour Office, 1983., p. 53
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks,
flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep meterial out of
water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Butyl methacrylate,
combustible liquid, N.O.S.,and n-butyl methacrylate,
stabilized/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives.
Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface
Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO.
2005, p. 152
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind ... Do
not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal
protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have
contacted the body with copious amountt of water and soap and
water. /Butyl methacrylate, combustible liquid, N.O.S.,and n-butyl
methacrylate, stabilized/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives.
Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface
Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO.
2005, p. 152
Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this
chemical.Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and
Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes
Publications, 2002., p. 420
9.6 Handling and Storage
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Fireproof. Separated from oxidants. Cool. Dry. Keep in the dark.
Store only if stabilized. Store in an area without drain or sewer
access.
9.6.1 Safety Storage
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Temp during storage must be kept low to minimize formation of
peroxides and other oxidation products ... Storage temp below 30
deg C are recommended for the polyfunctional methacrylates ... The
methacrylate monomers should not be stored for longer than one
year. Shorter storage times are recommended for the
aminomethacrylates, ie, three months, and the polyfunctional
methacrylates, ie, six months. Many of these cmpd are sensitive to
UV light and should, therefore, be stored in the dark. The
methacrylic esters may be stored in mild steel, stainless steel, or
aluminum. /Methacrylic acid & derivatives/
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed.,
Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p.
15(81) 370
Protect against physical damage. Before entering confined space
where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an
explosive concentration does not exist. Outside or detached storage
is preferred ... Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well
ventilated area away from incompatible materials ..., light, and
heat. Butyl methacrylate should be kept refrigerated and inhibited
with 10 ppm hydroquinone monomethylether. Metal
9.6.2 Storage Conditions
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http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be
grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing
valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only
non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and
closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as
smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is
used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential
fire or explosion hazard.
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and
Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes
Publications, 2002., p. 420
9.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 NO open
flames, NO sparks and NO smoking.
9.7.1 Fire Prevention
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Above 50C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof
electrical equipment. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges
(e.g., by grounding).
9.7.2 Explosion Prevention
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 AVOID
ALL CONTACT!
9.7.3 Exposure Prevention
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Use
ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.
9.7.4 Inhalation Prevention
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018
Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
9.7.5 Skin Prevention
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Wear
safety goggles.
9.7.6 Eye Prevention
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Do not
eat, drink, or smoke during work.
9.7.7 Ingestion Prevention
9.7.8 Protective Equipment and Clothing
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Suitable protective clothing and self-contained respiratory
protective apparatus should be available for use of those who may
have to rescue persons overcome by fumes. /Acrylic acid and
derivatives/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health
and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International
Labour Office, 1983., p. 53
Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective
glove, boots and goggles. /Butyl methacrylate, combustible liquid,
N.O.S.,and n-butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives.
Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface
Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO.
2005, p. 152
9.8 Stability and Reactivity
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
May accumulate static electrical charges and cause ignition of
its vapors.Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and
Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes
Publications, 2002., p. 419
9.8.1 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
9.9 Transport Information
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY
FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors
may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source
of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They
will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas
(sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors,
outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may
polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to
sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode
when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /n-Butyl
methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response
Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic
effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact
with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce
irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause
dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution
water may cause pollution. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl
methacrylate, stabilized/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response
Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency
Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary
measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150
feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay
upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before
entering. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate,
stabilized/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response
Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear
positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide
limited protection. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate,
stabilized/
9.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response
Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Evacuation: Large spill:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000
feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire,
ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider
initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
/n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response
Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire: CAUTION: All these
products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when
fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2,
water spray or regular foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or
regular foam. Do not use straight streams. Move containers from
fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving tanks or
car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned
hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding
quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw
immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or
discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in
fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor
nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire
burn. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response
Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all
ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate
area). All equipment used when handling the product must be
grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak
if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways,
sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may
be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or
other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use
clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large
spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water
spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed
spaces. /n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate,
stabilized/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response
Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ First Aid: Move victim to
fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial
respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if
breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing
and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush
skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin
with soap and water. Keep victim warm and quiet. In case of burns,
immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold
water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Effects of
exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may
be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the
material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
/n-Butyl methacrylate; n-Butyl methacrylate, stabilized/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response
Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material
for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in
conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed,
described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment
as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials
regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous
Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board
pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of
industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member
airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
9.9.2 Shipment Methods and Regulations
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from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 38th ed. Montreal, Canada and
Geneva, Switzerland: International Air Transport Association,
Dangerous Goods Board, January, 1997., p. 113
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic
principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed
recommendations for individual substances and a number of
recommendations for good practice are included in the classes
dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names
has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when
attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when
shipping any substance or article.
IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; International
Maritime Organization p.3121-3 (1988)
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 Symbol:
Xi; R: 10-36/37/38-43; S: (2); Note: D
9.9.3 EC Classification
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 UN
Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III
9.9.4 UN Classification
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 NFPA
Code: H1; F2; R2.
9.9.5 Emergency Response
9.10 Regulatory Information
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health
and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule
requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed
chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists
of unpublished health and safety studies. Butyl methacrylate is
included on this list. Effective date 4/13/89; Sunset date:
12/19/95.
40 CFR 716.120 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records
Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available
from, as of February 22, 2010: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr
Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical
substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned
with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble
in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 9/30/91; Reporting date:
11/27/91.
40 CFR 712.30 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records
Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available
from, as of February 22, 2010: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr
9.10.1 TSCA Requirements
Homopolymers and copolymers of butyl methacrylate is an indirect
food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
9.10.2 FDA Requirements
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21 CFR 175.105 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records
Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available
from, as of February 22, 2010: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr
9.11 Other Safety Information
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Poisonous gases are produced in fire.Sittig, M. Handbook of
Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1
A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 420
9.11.1 Toxic Combustion Products
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10 Toxicity
10.1 Toxicological Information
from ILO-ICSC [4]
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1018 The
substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
10.1.1 Exposure Routes
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Some compounds, such as the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or butyl
methacrylates can produce inhibition of barium chloride-induced
contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum.
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene
and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 3008
10.1.2 Interactions
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
from HSDB [1]
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+97-88-1
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has
been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial
respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator,
bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as
necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing
water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient
forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to
maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet
and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention.
/Esters and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency
Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby,
St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 253
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or
nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for
signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if
necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15
L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and
treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary
... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water.
Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during
transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and
administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the
patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool
... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Esters and related
compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency
Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby,
St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 253
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal
intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious,
has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress.
Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask
device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema
... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ...
. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow
rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of
hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia,
administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is
hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid
overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye
irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency
Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby,
St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 254
10.1.3 Antidote and Emergency Treatment
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/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... In 542 dermatitis patients given
covered patch tests with 1% EMA or 1% nBMA in petrolatum, one
individual responded to EMA and another to both EMA and nBMA ... No
reactions were seen in 22 contact dermatitis patients given 24-hr
covered patch tests with esters within the category at a
concentration of 1% in petrolatum ... The contact dermatitis of
many of the tested individuals was attributed to (meth)acrylate
exposure ... The prevalence of positive clinical challenge
responses /was reported/ in dental clinicians that had been
referred with dermatitis and suspected of having allergy to
(meth)acrylates as 1.2% (51/4221) for MMA, 0.7% (16/2323) for EMA
and 0.3% (1/347) for BMA ... The prevalence in a similar,
pre-selected clinical cohort /was reported/ as 0.8% (9/1161) for
MMA and 0.3% (2/625) for EMA ... The prevalence of positive
clinical challenge tests in patients referred with dermatitis with
previous contact with (meth)acrylates was reported as 4.8% (17/352)
for MMA, 4.4% (11/246) for EMA and 0.6% (2/331) for BMA ...
Cross-reactivity with common acrylates (i.e. between methacrylates
and acrylates) has not been observed ... and methacrylic acid, the
common hydrolysis product for these methacrylate esters, is not a
contact allergen ... /Short chain alkyl-methacrylate esters/
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.20 (April 2004). Available
from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... In 542 dermatitis patients given
covered patch tests with 1% EMA or 1% nBMA in petrolatum, one
individual responded to EMA and another to both EMA and nBMA ... No
reactions were seen in 22 contact dermatitis patients given 24-hr
covered patch tests with esters within the category at a
concentration of 1% in petrolatum ... The contact dermatitis of
many of the tested individuals was attributed to (meth)acrylate
exposure ... The prevalence of positive clinical challenge
responses /was reported/ in dental clinicians that had been
referred with dermatitis and suspected of having allergy to
(meth)acrylates as 1.2% (51/4221) for MMA, 0.7% (16/2323) for EMA
and 0.3% (1/347) for BMA ... The prevalence in a similar,
pre-selected clinical cohort /was reported/ as 0.8% (9/1161) for
MMA and 0.3% (2/625) for EMA ... The prevalence of positive
clinical challenge tests in patients referred with dermatitis with
previous contact with (meth)acrylates was reported as 4.8% (17/352)
for MMA, 4.4% (11/246) for EMA and 0.6% (2/331) for BMA ...
Cross-reactivity with common acrylates (i.e. between methacrylates
and acrylates) has not been observed ... and methacrylic acid, the
common hydrolysis product for these methacrylate esters, is not a
contact allergen ... /Short chain alkyl-methacrylate esters/
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.20 (April 2004). Available
from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: Contact can irritate
the eyes and skin. Inhalation can irritate the respiratory tract
with coughing, wheezing, and/or shortness of breath. Higher
exposures can cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can
be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Long Term
Exposure: Butyl methacrylate may cause skin allergy.
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and
Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes
Publications, 2002., p. 420
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Although there are notable exceptions to
the rule, esters of organic acids are generally of low toxicity.
Nonspecific irritative effects are commonly associated with the
presence of a double bond in these esters which, if saturated,
would be essentially harmless. Conjunctivitis and upper airway
symptoms may occur and pulmonary edema is possible in case of
massive over-exposure. These irritating unsaturated esters include
the acrylates, methacrylates ... /Esters/
Hamilton, A., and H. L. Hardy. Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed.
Acton, Mass.: Publishing Sciences Group, Inc., 1974., p. 313
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May cause sensitization by skin
contact.Commission of the European Communities. Legislation on
Dangerous Substances - Classification and Labelling in the European
Communities. Vol. II. London and Trotman Ltd., 1989., p. 358
10.1.4 Human Toxicity Excerpts
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/CASE REPORTS/ A case /was reported/ of cross-reactivity between
methacrylate esters when a patient reportedly sensitized to EMA
reacted upon challenge with n-BMA ...
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.20 (April 2004). Available
from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
/CASE REPORTS/ A case /was reported/ of cross-reactivity between
methacrylate esters when a patient reportedly sensitized to EMA
reacted upon challenge with n-BMA ...
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.20 (April 2004). Available
from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ For (meth)acrylates, methyl
methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate(EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and
n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and for living cells, primary human
gingival fibroblast (HGF), human submandibular gland adenocarcinoma
cell line (HSG), and human erythrocytes were used. The
physicochemical changes in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)
liposomes induced by (meth)acrylates were studied using
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Cytotoxicity decreased as follows: BA
> BMA > EA > MMA. Changes in phase transition properties
(temperature Tm, enthalpy delta H and Height/Half-Height Width
(H/HHW) of DSC peak were decreased as follows: BA > EA > MMA.
BMA enhanced H/HHW and increased Tm slightly. NMR-shielding effect
decreased as follows: BMA > MMA > BA, EA. /It was concluded
that/ BA and BMA exhibited large cytotoxicity and high
DPPC-interaction due to their lipophilicity, compared to EA or MMA.
MMA showed little cytotoxicity and small changes in DPPC liposomes,
whereas BA showed large cytotoxicity and large changes in the
liposomes characterized by the membrane disturbance. Hemolytic
activity and cytotoxicity of acrylates were higher than those of
methacrylates. The physico-chemical properties (Log P or Q sigma)
of (meth)acrylates affect the lipid bilayer in biological
membranes.
Fujisawa S et al; Oral Dis 6 (4): 215-21 (2000). Available from,
as of February 3, 2010:
/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ These unsaturated esters acquire
marked irritant, and in some cases, lacrimatory properties.
/Unsaturated aliphatic esters/
Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II:
Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p.
1877
/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Methacrylates exhibit low to
moderate acute toxicity, produce slight to moderate skin and eye
irritation, and generally are considered to be sensitizers with
cross-sensitization potential. In addition, depending upon
volatility, these materials also may be sensory irritants ... The
toxicity of methacrylates with reactive functional groups, eg,
amino or glycidyl, on the alcohol portion of the ester should be
considered individually because the biological activity of a
particular methacrylate monomer may be determined by the reactive
functional group rather than by the methacryl portion of the
molecule. /Methacrylates/
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed.,
Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p.
15(81) 371
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/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Guinea pigs could be
strongly sensitized to methyl, ethyl, and n-butyl methacrylates in
ethanol or olive oil by topical route, or in saline by intradermal
route.
Chung CW, Giles AL Jr; J Invest Dermatol 68 (4): 187-90
(1977)
10.1.5 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts
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/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Methacrylic acid
administered iv increased respiratory rate, decreased heart rate,
and produced electrocardiogram changes in anesthetized dogs (breed
and sex unknown). Methacrylic acid, methyl, n-propyl, n-butyl,
isobutyl, and hydroxyethyl methacrylates produced a biphasic
response, an abrupt fall in blood pressure followed by a secondary
rise. 2-ethylhexyl, isodecyl, lauryl, and tert-butylaminoethyl
methacrylates produced only a hypotensive effect.
Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate produced only a hypertensive
effect.
Mir GM et al; J Pharm Sci 63 (3): 376-81 (1974)
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Twenty-one different
acrylate, and methacrylate compounds, including butyl methacrylate,
were scanned for their ability to induce contact sensitivity, using
5 different sensitization protocols. Contact reactions of varying
intensities were produced to all the mono-, di-, and triacrylates
tested. Methacrylates did not sensitize guinea pigs.
Parker D, Turk JL; Contact Dermatitis 9 (1): 55-60 (1983)
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Whole
body inhalation exposure of CDBR rats (sex not given) was conducted
for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week at 310, 952, and 1891 ppm (OECD Guideline
412). All animals were necropsied at the end of the 4 week exposure
period. Body weight, feed consumption, clinical signs, clinical
chemistry, hematology, organ weight, and histopathologic
evaluations were performed on all animals during this study. The
only treatment related signs of toxicity observed were inactivity,
lacrimation, eye squinting, and labored breathing. These signs were
observed sporadically during exposure throughout the study in rats
exposed to 952 or 1981 ppm n-BMA. Body weights and feed consumption
were not affected by exposure to BMA. No deaths occurred at any
concentration. At necropsy the only organ weight effect was a
statistical increase in kidney weight to body weight ratio at 1981
ppm in males and females. However, the absolute kidney weights for
this group were not statistically significantly increased.
Therefore, in the absence of corresponding histologic effects,
hematology, or clinical chemistry findings, this increase in
relative kidney weight was judged as not being of toxicological
significance. Macroscopic examination of the nasal cavaties of the
male and female rats exposed to 1981 ppm had slight and localized
bilateral degeneration of the olfactory epithelium lining of the
dorsal meati. One male and one female rat exposed to 952 ppm had
similar changes in the olfactory epithelium. Rats exposed to 310
ppm had no exposure related nasal cavity macroscopic changes. On
the basis of the most sensitive indicator of toxicity, the
histopathologic changes seen in the nasal cavaties, the LOEL was
952 ppm and the NOEL was 310 ppm.
European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Butyl methacrylate
(97-88-1) p.48 (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of
February 22, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ MMA was
shown to cross react to ethyl- and n-butyl methacrylate /in guinea
pigs/.
European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Methyl methacrylate
(80-62-6) p.161 (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of
February 23, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In an
OECD Guideline 412 Repeated Dose 28-day inhalation study, 10 male
and 10 female rats were exposed by whole body to 0, 310, 952, and
1891 ppm (0,1832, 5626, 11175 mg/cu m) n-BMA for 6 hr/day, 5
days/week for 4 weeks. Treatment-related effects included
lacrimation, eye squinting, and labored breathing in the 952 and
1891 ppm (5626 and 11175 mg/cu m) concentration groups throughout
the study. There were no treatment-related effects on body weight
or feed consumption, and no deaths occurred. Hematological
measurements and clinical chemistry values generally were
unaffected by treatment. Despite increased relative kidney weights
at the high concentration (1891 ppm/11175 mg/cu m) in both sexes,
and slight increases in serum BUN values (resulting in increased
BUN:creatinine ratio), histopathology of the kidneys was normal.
The only treatment-related histopathological finding was localized
bilateral degeneration of olfactory epithelium lining the dorsal
meatus of the nasal cavity at 952 and 1891 ppm (5626 and 11175
mg/cu m) in both sexes. The Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
(LOAEL) for n-BMA was 952 ppm (5626 mg/cu m) and the No Observed
Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 310 ppm (1832 mg/cu m)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening
Information Data Set for Short Chain Alkyl Methacrylates, CAS#
97-63-2, 97-86-9, 97-88-1, 688-84-6 p.21 (April 2004). Available
from, as of February 16, 2010:
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html
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/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ A group
of nine guinea pigs was initially treated with 0.0077 mL of Ethyl
Methacrylate in olive oil on day 60 (as controls) and was
challenged with 2% and 5% Ethyl Methacrylate in olive oil on day
95. Positive reactions were observed in all of the animals after 72
hours. When the guinea pigs from both groups were challenged a
second or fourth time with Ethyl Methacrylate and either 1% methyl
methacrylate or 1% butyl methacrylate, strong cross-sensitivity was
observed.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; Int J Toxicol 21 (Suppl
1): 63-79 (2002). Available from, as of March 1, 2010:
/LABO