Business Without Borders: The Global and Social Evolution of Entrepreneurship Monica Miller Rodgers, APR Advisor: Dr. Dennis Kinsey Syracuse University
Business Without Borders: The Global and Social Evolution of Entrepreneurship
Aug 21, 2015
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Business Without Borders:The Global and Social
Evolution of Entrepreneurship
Monica Miller Rodgers, APRAdvisor: Dr. Dennis Kinsey
Syracuse University
Why is this important?
• Monica Miller Rodgers, APR• Advisor: Dr. Dennis Kinsey
Syracuse University
The messages and interaction that help build trusting relationships are rarely centralized, but now spread across multiple partners, communities and individuals around the globe.-D.R. Gilpin & P. Murphy from Author Page Society , 2010
Research Problem
Theories
Social Media
Multicultural Communications
Entrepreneurship
1. How do expatriate and location-agnostic entrepreneurs use social media in their business models?
2. How do expatriate and location-agnostic entrepreneurs implement multicultural communications into their business models?
3. Why are social media and multicultural communications important to these new business models?
Research Questions
Social Media Theory
Literature Review
• Social Media-J. N. Kim & L. Ni, 2010-G.M. Chen, 2012-S. Holmström, 2010-K. Colburn, 2008-T. Coombs, 2008-L. Kwok & B. Yu, 2012-D.R. Gilpin & P. Murphy, 2010
Web 2.0 designs that enable users to participate in two-way communications and interaction and share information with publics through various features.
• Entrepreneur-J.E. Amoros & N. Bosma, 2013-P. Drucker, 1985-R. Henderson & M. Robertson, 2000-J. Schumpeter, 1947
Literature Review
Entrepreneurship TheorySomeone who has evoked on a new business venture and displays qualities in innovation and creativity.
Literature Review
Entrepreneurship Theory• Location-Agnostic
-T. Mohn, 2014-K. Everett, 2014
• New-B. Steyn, 2011
One who has established and runs a business using mainly online resources from various global locations. A disruption to traditional methods that continuously adapts to situations.
Literature Review
Entrepreneurship Theory• Business Model
-G. George & A.J. Bock, 2011-R.D. Putnam, 1995-S. Heinonen, S. & J. Ruotsalainen, 2012-R. Ramachandran, 2010
The static concept that an entrepreneur has created through an opportunity to provide a product or service to a public and the social aspect he incorporates into that concept.
Literature Review
Entrepreneurship Theory• Business Model
1. Design2. Resource-Based3. Narrative4. Innovative5. Transactive6. Opportunistic
Literature Review
Multicultural Communications Theory• Multicultural
Communications-B. Feng & H. Li, 2009-H.W. Ellingsworth, 1968-J. L’Etang, 2010-Y. Devran , 2010-G.M Chen, 2012
The ability of expat or location-agnostic entrepreneurs to establish knowledge and sensitivity to effectively interact with foreign cultures so they may understand cultural contexts and create successful businesses.
Literature Review
Multicultural Communications Theory• Expatriate
-Internations, 2014-J.M. Sequeira, J.C. Carr & A.A. Rasheed, 2009-D.R. Befus, T.S. Mescon, D.L. Mescon & G.S Vozikis, 1988-S. Collier, 2011
Someone who is living in a country other than his home or national nation and has established and is operating a business in that country
Literature Review
Multicultural Communications Theory• Transnational Entrepreneur
1. Circuit 2. Cultural 3. Ethnic 4. Return Migrant5. Elite Expansion
1. Expat entrepreneurs will place a heavier emphasis on multicultural communications in their business models than location-agnostic entrepreneurs place in theirs.
2. Location-agnostic entrepreneurs will place a greater emphasis on social media use in their business models than expat entrepreneurs place in theirs.
3. Location-agnostic entrepreneurs are more probable to pursue George and Bock’s (2011) definition of an innovative business model design whereas expat entrepreneurs are more likely to use an opportunistic business model design.
4. Location-agnostic entrepreneurs are more inclined to set up the category of a circuit business model whereas expat entrepreneurs are more likely to set up one of the other four categories (cultural, ethnic, return migrant or elite expansion).
Hypotheses
Entrepreneurs Studied
Expatriate
Location Agnostic
Case Study Method
An ethnographic embedded multiple-case design with multiple units of analysis of social media and multicultural communications strategies in various business models.
Data Collection Procedures
Documentation Focused
Interviews
Participant Observation
Data Analysis
1.Theoretical propositions of social media, entrepreneurship and multicultural communications theories were relied upon using the pattern matching technique.
2.A case description using explanation building was developed to understand how and why expat and location-agnostic entrepreneurs implemented best practices in social media and multicultural communications into their innovative business models.
Results
I’ve had a ‘horse before the cart’ scenario. I’ve built a large following with mass appeal so that I can carry these audiences with me to a bigger medium, like television. Through this strategy, I’ve been able to personally brand myself so I can launch other offerings in the future. This is a much more flexible approach.
-Entrepreneur U
General Findings
Results
General Findings
As entrepreneurs, we take a lot out of a community. We have an obligation to return to the community more than what we take out.
-Canadian Independent Psychologist
Results
General Findings
I’m very direct and responsive. My Swiss customers and vendors need at least a week to make a decision. It’s hard.
-German Graphic Designer
Results
How do expatriate and location-agnostic entrepreneurs use social media in their business models?
• Promotion of products and services• Networking with potential partners• Two-way communication with audiences• Building a community of supporters• Promoting the lifestyle
How do expatriate and location-agnostic entrepreneurs implement multicultural communications into their business models?
Results
The multicultural aspect creates my business’ core identity, the one thing competitors have the hardest problem with replicating. I’m known as ‘The German’ in my market, and I’ve embraced and used that label that was given to me.
-Jens Kiel
Why are social media and multicultural communications important to these new business models?
Results
I will only be able to do this business because of my strong multicultural background. I’m betting my business on this.
-Alexia Iskenderian
Conclusions
Social Media Theory
Conclusions
Entrepreneurship Theory
Conclusions
Entrepreneurship Theory
HUSTLE
Hustling is about working your ass off. Keep on pushing over and over. Being willing to do the things no one else is willing to do. It’s a break from the norm.
-Entrepreneur U
Conclusions
Multicultural Communications Theory
Hypotheses Revisited
1. Expat entrepreneurs will place a heavier emphasis on multicultural communications in their business models than location-agnostic entrepreneurs place in theirs.
2. Location-agnostic entrepreneurs will place a greater emphasis on social media use in their business models than expat entrepreneurs place in theirs.
3. Location-agnostic entrepreneurs are more probable to pursue George and Bock’s (2011) definition of an innovative business model design whereas expat entrepreneurs are more likely to use an opportunistic business model design.
4. Location-agnostic entrepreneurs are more inclined to set up Sequeira’s (2009) category of a circuit business model whereas expat entrepreneurs are more likely to set up one of the other four categories (cultural, ethnic, return migrant or elite expansion).
Limitations
Future Research
Deliverable
Q & A
I think all communications is multicultural because no one has exactly the same background, regardless of nationality. Culture is family, experiences, gender, thought processes, personality – all this makes up an individual’s culture. If I don’t treat all communications in this way, I run the risk of miscommunication.
-Stephanie Cirihal
Farewell!
Class of 2012
Tiffani the TerrificAmie the AwesomeLyn the LovelyKristin the Kindred Amy the AmazingCheryl the Courageous Fabiana the FabulousDan the ManTom the Tenacious
THANK YOU
My Rock: ErieMy Best Friend: ElizabethMy Mini Me: LexieMy Everything: Chris
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