Business Spanish - e-PG Pathshala

An M HRD Projec t under the

National Mission on Education through ICT

Paper-6 || Módulo-30

C O NT E NT W R I T E R Prof. Rajiv Saxena || Dr. Mayuresh Kumar

Paper № 06 Paper Title: Business Span ish

Page 1 of 23 Module № 30 Module Title: Pract ica l Bu s iness Spanish 5

Index

0. Objectives

1. Revision of Bilateral Relations

2. Revision of different Spanish slangs

3. Conclusion



OBJECTIVES

In this module, we will again do what we have done previously also and revise everything we have done from module no. 25 to module no. 29. The main objectives of this module will be the following:

1. This will give us a revision of insight of the ongoing and past economic activities among these countries.

2. This module will also help us look back upon the cultural and economic aspects of these countries.

3. We will get to know the specific set of vocabulary used in all these countries as far as Business Spanish is concerned.



1. Revision of Bilateral Relations

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico which is officially called the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is a United States territory located in the northeastern Caribbean. Puerto Rico is an archipelago that has the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of other smaller islands. San Juan is the capital of Puerto Rico.

Peru which is officially called the Republic of Peru is a country in western South America. Peru is an extremely bio diverse nation with habitats comprising of the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the high ranges of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon rainforest in the east. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Peru

India and Peru established diplomatic relations in March 1963. Relations between these two countries have traditionally been cordial and friendly. After the liberalization period in the 1990s, there has been an increasing economic and business exchange. In Peru, an enhanced interest in the Asian region due to APEC membership, catalyzed with India’s image as a technologically advanced democratic country, as well as enhanced bilateral trade, has increased India’s importance. Peru is also a member of G-15 and NAM which further boosts the possibility of cooperation between these two countries.

From India: The following bilateral visits have taken place from India to Peru:

a. El Presidente Shri K. R. Narayanan (1998), b. EAM Shri Yashwant Sinha (2003), c. El ministro de defensa del estado Rao Inderjit Singh (Junio 2006), d. El ministro de los asuntos exteriores del estado Dr. Shashi Tharoor (enero

2010) e. Ministro del estado (C&I) Shri Jyotiraditya Scindia (Septiembre 2010).

From Peru to India:



a. El Presidente Alan Garcia (1987) , b. El Presidente Alberto Fujimori (1997), c. Ministro del comercio (2007), Vice ministro de la defensa (2009) para

asistir a "Aero India 2009", d. Ministro del comercio y turismo, Sr. Eduardo Ferreyros (Enero 2011), e. Sr. Hugo Cabiese (October 2011).

Chile

Chile which is officially called the Republic of Chile is a South American country that occupies a long, narrow strip of land from the Andes which is to the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares its boundaries with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chile boasts of the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania.

Chile and India have been friends since the birth of India as an independent country. The Chilean diplomat and writer, Juan Marin, as special envoy of the Government of Chile participated in the ceremony of Independence of India in August 1947. In 1949, Juan Marin was in charge of establishing the first Chilean delegation, presenting his credentials on April 7 to the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1956 the Chilean delegation was declared to be Embassy and the first Chilean ambassador in India was the diplomat and famous writer Mr. Miguel Serrano. Many writers like Juan Marin, Miguel Serrano, Julio Barrenechea and other prominent Chilean writers likes Francisco Coloane and Augusto D’ halmar have written about their experiences in India, presenting an exquisite image of the exotic and culturally rich India.

Since 1956 there have been many visits from both countries. The first ever visit to India was made by the Chilean Minister Mr Osvaldo Sante in April, 1957. In 1968, The Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, went to Chile.

Colombia

Colombia which is officially called the Republic of Colombia is a South American country which is situated in the northwest. It shares its boundaries with Panama in the northwest; with Venezuela and Brazil in the east; with Ecuador and Peru in south and it shares maritime boundary with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Dominican Republic and Haiti.



The indigenous people who lived in this region were the Muisca, Quimbaya, and Tairona. 1499 is important in Colombian history as Spaniards arrived here and created the Viceroyalty of New Granada, whose capital was Bogotá. It got its freedom in 1819 from the colonizers.

India-Colombia relations go way too back in history. The resident Indian mission in Colombia was established in Bogotá in February 1973. Though that Mission had to be discontinued in January 1993 it reopened in October 1994, as Colombia was hosting the XIth NAM Summit. 2009 is very important for the India-Colombia relations as it marked 50 years of diplomatic relations between India and Colombia. Colombia also has two cities where Indian Consulate has been opened; one in Medellin and another in Barranquilla

Let us have a look at the important Bilateral Visits:

From India:

The following high level visits have taken place from India to Colombia:

1. Visita del ex. Primer ministro de la India, Indira Gandhi en 1968.

2. Visita del ex. Primer ministro de la India, Shri Narasimha Rao en octubre de 1995

3. Shri Rao Inderjit Singh, ministro del estado, en septiembre de 2004

4. Shri Shashi Tharoor, ministro del estado en enero de 2009

5. Prof. Saugata Roy, ministro del estado en 2010

6. Shri Sachin Pilot, ministro del estado en abril de 2012

7. Shri Jyotiraditya Scindia ministro del estado en junio de 2012

8. Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, ministro del estado en mayo de 2015.

From Colombia:

1. El ministro de asuntos exteriores de Colombia, Dr Rodrigo Pardo Garcia-Pena en abril de 1997.

2. El Presidente Andres Pastrana Arango en marzo de 2001

3. El ministro de asuntos exteriores de Colombia Carolina Barco Isakon en febrero de 2003.



4. El ministro de defensa de Colombia, Sr. Juan Manuel Santos, en noviembre de 2007.

5. El ministro de asuntos exteriores de Colombia Jaime Bermúdez en noviembre de 2009.

6. Sr. Diego Molano, Ministro de TIC de Colombia en agosto de 2013.

Venezuela

Venezuela which is officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a federal republic situated in South America along the northern coast. It shares boundary with Colombia in the west, with Brazil in the south, with Guyana in the east, and with the islands of Trinidad and Tobago in the north-east. Venezuela is highly biodiverse with the geographical diversity ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon rain-forest in the south.

In 2009, India and Venezuela celebrated their 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations. Both the countries have their resident embassies in Caracas and New Delhi. In 2015, Venezuela became the NAM chairman.

The ties between these countries are so warm and deep that death of President Hugo Chavez was condoled by the President and Prime Minister of India on March 5, 2013. The President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee, called and congratulated Mr. Nicolas Maduro Moros after his election as the new President of Venezuela. Ambassador Ms. Smita Purushottam also represented India at President Maduro´s swearing-in ceremony held at the National Assembly of Venezuela.

2. Revision of different Spanish slangs

Puerto Rico

The module would be incomplete if we do not discuss the typical slangs or words used in Puerto Rico only. After all, our focus is “business” and “Spanish”.

Acángana – An interjection similar to “In your face!”

Achaques – The aches and pains of growing old.



Afrentao – An outrageosly selfish person. A glutton. A person who wants it all; greedy

Aguacatao – A person waiting to see when things will get better. An intimidated person whose actions are very guarded and calculated, an insecure person; a “lump on a log”

Amargao – Someone that is constantly depressed; bitter

Aplatanado – A person without a passion for anything.

Arrancao – Without money, completely broke.

Arrebatao – High(drug reference)”Estoy bien arrebatao”(I’m very high)

Atorrante – A bum. A good for nothing.

B

Batata – Used to describe lazy, non-productive employees. Usually in reference to government employees.

Bildin – Building

Broki – “Buddy”. It comes from “Bro” with a Spanish diminutive suffix added it.

Bellaca/bellaco– slang term used in Puerto Rico to determine someone being in “heat” or having sexual desires. English slang term, Horny

Brutal – From the word Brute…The best or the worst of something…Cool, amazing.

Bruto– dumb,idiot ex- Que bruto ,what an idiot

C

Caco – Typically used derogatorily in reference to small-time thugs and people who listen to Reggaeton music. Originates from the Greek god of treachery and thieves, Cacus. Might also imply the person in question is somewhat mentally challenged or who tries to look and act like a “gangsta”.



Caco-mobil – A car stereotypically driven by cacos (see above). Normally it is a heavily customized and decorated Japanese car with a bass sound-system, loud muffler and chrome-rims much like an American riser or rise-rocket.

Cafre – Low class, ghetto.

Cangriman – A person who is corrupt, opportunistic, liar or bully. From the word “congressman” because that was the way this word sounded to the non-English speaking jibaros back then, when the Americans had a military government on the island run by an American governor appointed by the president and congress.

Cerrao – Used to describe dumb person, person lacking common sense some who is “mentally closed”

Charro – “Unoriginal” or “whack”, as in Ese tipo es un charroHillbilly;out of style (“That dude is whack.”) Cacos are charros by definition.

¡Como alma que lleva el diablo! – “As if their soul was possessed by the devil.” Used comically to describe someone who left either very fast or very angry.

Como el Rosario de la Aurora – Used to describe a party that ends up with a fight.

Copao – Used to call dibs on something you like even though you have no chance of owning it, as in “I call it.”

Corazón de melón – A term of endearment to or about someone with a big heart.

Come gofio – Refers to someone who’s not doing a whole lot, taking it easy, killing time.

D

Dar un tumbe – “To steal something.”

Diantre! – Expresses excitement ,like “wow”

E



Echa caldo – Used to say that something is cool. “Ese carro esta que echa caldo.” (“This car is cool.”). Literally means “that gives broth”.

Echa pa’ ca – Put it over here. Come over here. Used to call someone over to you.

Echar leña al fuego – “To add to a controversy.” Literally, it means “to feed wood to the fire.”

El Oso Blanco – Literally “The White Bear”, it means “Río Piedras State Penitentiary.” The prison is nicknamed this because of its white color. The cement used to build it was from Venezuela and it was branded “Oso Blanco” (The White Bear).

Empache – That overstuffed feeling from eating too much like on Thanksgiving. Related: Empalagoso – food that is, too sweet,heavy or cloying that would give you ‘un empache’ or someone who is extremely sweet.

En el mundo de la Farandula – “In celebrity land.”

En lo que el palo va y viene… – “Meanwhile…”

En lo que el hacha va y viene, el palo descansa.” – a rest period between bad situations.

Eñagotar – “To kneel down.”

Estoy pidiendo cacao – What you say if you are hurt, drunk, or very tired after partying all night long. Almost like asking for forgiveness. Begging.

Encojonao/a – Pissed off

Estinche– anglicism for sting

Está más perdido que el hijo de Lindberg- Meaning you someone is lost forever.

Estas mas perdido que Rolandito” – Literally means: “You are more lost than Rolandito”- refers to a case about a boy who’s been lost since the early 90′ and hasn’t been found.

F



Farandulero groopie…A fan, someone who faithfully follows an artist or sport’s team

Fajao-making a grand effort as when a person is working hard, to really be hustling .

Falfullero– a show-off.

Fiebrú– a car enthusiast, hot-rodder, grease monkey, car freak. Also used to refer to someone who is very fanatical about somehting other than cars.

Fofo– bland, has no substance. Used to talk about bland food or someone weak.

G

Galán – “Someone who looks elegant or dandy.” It also means “the lead actor.”

Guillao or Guille – “Prideful” or “Pride”, respectively. The phrases Estar guillao and Tener guille” both mean “to have a lot of ego”, “to be prideful”, or “to be full of oneself.” “Tenerlo guillao” – keeping it to yourself.

Guagua – It refers to any large motor vehicle such as an SUV, a city bus or a pick-up truck.

Gufear – “To goof around”, or “to joke around.” Example: ¡Acho, deja el gufeo! (“Dude, stop goofing around!”) Heard in the northen part of Puerto Rico

Gusarapo – Renacuajo is the proper Spanish word for the slang. It is tadpole in English.It also refers to the larval stage of mosquiotes or “sea-monkeys”.

H

Huirle como el diablo a la cruz – Literally: “to run from it like the devil runs from the cross”. It means to avoid something strongly.

I

Insecto – A traitor. Literally, “insect”.

Ir pa chirola – “To go to jail”



Irse pa la isla – “To go to the countryside [of Puerto Rico].”

J

Jincho/Jincha – a person that’s very white, in need of sun

Janguiar – To Hang out”

Jibaro-people from the countryside/ mountains of Puerto Rico. Puertorican equivalent of hillbilly. It also means when someone doesn’t know something that’s all on the news, that is sort of disconnected from the modern world. Eres un jibaro! (You’re uninformed/old tradition)

Jurutungo (also, Jurutungo viejo) – A place very far away and hard to get to

Juyir– flee

Juyilanga “coger la juyilanga” – be gone for a while.

Jalao como timbre de guagua– someone really thin

Jamaquiar– to grab somebody and toss them around

L

Las Sínsoras – A far off place. Similar to “El Jurutungo Viejo”

Latejón Used to describe a big thing… (Commonly used by people at barrio Charcas, Quebradillas)

Le dieron como a pandereta Aleluya o Pentecostal- “They gave it to him/her like they do to a tambourine at a Pentecostal church.” It’s used to describe when someone caught a hard beating.

Limbel – Homemade Icees. Usually made from natural fruits, or sweet milk mixtures. Sold out of the homes and not in stores.From the English word: Lindberg-the famous pilot who crossed the Atlantic ocean.

Locón/locona – “Crazy.” It can be also used as an equivalent to “dude/chick” or “buddy.” In West Coast communities, the word has been adopted by English speakers as loc.



Lonchera – “Lunchbox”

Lo tienes quemao – “You’ve burned it out”, as in “You like something so much that you’re burning it out”, for instance by wearing the same clothing too often or even every day.

M

Mahones – “Jeans.”

¡Mano! or ¡Si mano! – Short for hermano (“brother”), it means “Hey bro!” or “Yes bro.”

Más feo que Julito – a very ugly man.

Melaza – Literally meaning “pure sugar cane juice”, it is used to say something, someone, or a situation is great or sweet.

Moyeto – Slang for black person

Mangao– From a “mangue”, or being caught cheating and under a sure accusation.

N

Negrito/negrita – It is used as a term of endearment for any shade of Puerto Rican. It’s related to the Puerto Rican versions of “Baby” or “Honey” as in your mate which are Ay mi negra, Hola negro, Mira Negrita.

No es fácil catchar sin careta- Lerroy Lopez Morales expression of life is not easy.

No es fácil quitarle el cuchillo a Rambo, pero se puede- It is not easy taking Rambo’s knife away from him, but it can be done.

Ñ

Ñaqui – “a small bite”

O



¿Oíte? – “Did you hear?” (Equivalent to ¿Oíste?)

Orita – “Later on”

P

Por la maseta – Something that you approved of, like “great”, or “good deal”, or “awesome”

Pato ‘e playa– fag

Pa’tras como el cangrejo– to make no headway, or to refer to someone that will make no progress. Literally going backwards, like a crab

Pelao como rodilla de cabra – broke.

Q

Quien a buen arbol se arrima, buena sombra lo cobija – Literally translated, means ” he who takes shelter under a good tree gets the best shade” means that you will benefit by being close to someone who could give you what you want or need .If you want to succeed ,you have to be close to successful people. If you hang around loosers, you’ll end up being a looser.

R

Rebellusca – Someone who is angry or in a foul mood

Revulú or revolu -From the word “revuelto” “messed-up” or “disaster.” Used for a scandal, loud commotion or confusion too.

Relajo – “Din” or “racket.” The phrase ¡Deja el relajo! can be translated as “Stop playing around!” and is thus similar to ¡Deja el gufeo!

Raitrú – direct translation “Right True” used to show agreement

Repeplé– when a real mess is created, also as when saying revolú.



S

Salió el tiro por la culata. – Literally translating as “the shot backfired“, it is used when a plan backfires.

Sanamagan (pronounced with a seseo) – “Bastard.” The word is supposedly derived from the English phrase “son of a gun”

T

¡Tanto nadar para ahogarse en la orilla! A lamentation literally translating as “so much swimming, to drown at the shore.” It is used to describe someone who has come very close to completing something and yet failed.

Tarantala – Alas, “Papi estoy está bien tarantala”. Another word cacos invented, to say this is suspicious or bizarre. Very similar to ‘shady’.

Tarambana – A good for nothing.

U

Uva!– Often used when good news are received, literally means “Grape”.

V

¿Vite? – “Did you see?” (Equivalent to ¿Viste?)

¡Volando bajito! – “Keeping a low profile” or “flying low”, usually used to describe speeding drivers or people who try to commit a given act without anyone else finding out.

Y

¡Y se le(s) está haciendo tarde! – “And it’s becoming too late already!” or “You’re running out of time!” It’s a sports phrase used when an individual or team is far behind on scoring as the event nears its conclusion.



Z

Zafacón (pronounced with a seseo) – “Garbage can.” The word is supposedly derived from the English phrase “safety can.

Peru

Al toque – without delay

Asado – with anger

Bacán/chévere/paja – cool

Bamba – false

Blanca – cocaine

Bróder – like a close friend

Calabaza/cojudo/corcho/huevon/monse – fool

Cocho – an old person

Cochudo – without shame

Chato – a man who is not tall

Chela – beer

Chelear – to have beer

Chibolo – a Young guy

Choche/chochera – friend

Cholo – a mestizo whose parents were from highland

Combi/micro – bus in Peru

Crudo – gringo

Choro – thief

Churro – a handsome man

Estar pateando latas – to be unemployed



Fercho – driver

Floro – a lie

Florear – the verb of floro

Fumón – drug-addict

Germa – girlfriend

Huachimán – private guard

Jamear – to have dinner

Mamerto – fool

Mi viejo/viejita – my father/mother

Misio/lacio – to be broke

¡ni cagando! – It can’t be!

Pichanga – type of football

Pituco – a rich man

Por si las moscas – in case

Precioso/en canada – imprisoned

Quitarse – to leave

Roba foco – a tall person

¡Roche! – very bad!

Sapo – intelligent

Terruco – terrorist

Tombo – police

Tono/juerga – a party

¡Yara! – careful!



Chile

1. AFP: acronym for Administradora de Fondo de Pensiones.

2. aguinaldo: salary paid in advance for Christmas or festivals.

3. andar al 3 y al 4: to be broke.

4. andar cortina: to be broke.

5. andar en pelotillehue: to not have anything left.

6. andar pato: devastated.

7. andar patricio: broke.

8. andar salado: to be broke.

9. andar sin ni uno: to be broke.

10. bicicleta: when someone owes money and borrows more to pay that debt..

11. billete largo: rich.

12. billullo: a lot of money.

13. boleta: type of bill.

14. cartola: bank statemnet.

15. chaucha: few money.

16. cortando: the amount.

17. estar pato: to be broke.

18. Gabriela: 5000 pesos in memory of Gabriela Mistral.

19. gamba: 100 pesos.

20. Isapre: Health institutions.

21. luca: 1000 pesos.

22. mojar: to bribe.

23. palo: a million pesos.



24. palo verde: a million dollars.

25. plata: cash.

26. quina: 500 pesos.

27. recortín: commission payment

28. UF: a unit to measure inflation.

29. UTM: abbreviation for Unidad Tributario Mensual

30. Vale vista: a bank cheque that cannot be cancelled.

Colombia

Abrirse : get away

Avion/avispa: an intelligent person

Bacano: a nice thing or feeling

Berraquera: guts

Bizcocho/ bollo/cosota: someone very handsome

Boleta : a person who is socially awkward

Cancha: expertise, experience

Camello : a laborious work

Caco : thief, robber

Cascar : hit

Chechere: good for nothing

Chachara: conversation

Chambon: something of poor quality

Caer gordo: to not get along well

Chino: a child



Chimbo: fake story/thing/thicket/bill

Cotorra/parlanchin/lora/charlatan: someone who chats a lot

Cucha/o: someone from the third generation (old)

Dar papaya: to be caught

Echar los perros: to flirt

En bombas: to act rapidly

Guaro: a drink

Jincho/enguayabado: inebriated

Lucas/biyullo: money

Lichigo/apretado: stingy

Mamón: a person who is not liked by others

Mamera: something which is boring

Mamado/a: a very sick and tired person

Motoso: a siesta

No comer el cuento: to not believe something easily

Oso: a big embarrassment

Parar bolas: to pay attention to somebody

Papa: any random guy (special in Medellin)

Porro: weed

Parce: an intimate buddy

Que Chimba: cool

Seba: a difficult and boring task

Venezuela



Achanta’o/Achantá – someone who is slow in reasoning

Amapuche -an intimate hug

Arrecharse -to be annoyed

Arrecho -something very cool

Arrocear -to gatecrash a party

Bachaco –a redheaded mulato

Bajarse de la mula –to repay the debt

Bala fría -junk or fast food

Balurdo -an annoying person

Bolo(s) -a unit of Venezuelan currency

Bonche – a fiesta

Burda -augmentative of something

Cachapa –kind of a dessert

Caerse a palos –to be inebriated

Chamo(a) -boy/girl

Chisme -gossip

Chévere! -cool

Chivo –government official of high rank

Choro -thief

Criollo –venezuelan native

Epa/Épale -kind of salutation

Gringo -A person from the United States.

Guasa –to pull someone’s leg

Guayoyo –after meal black coffee



Musiú –someone not local

Palo –alcoholic beverage or practice of taking it

Pana –an intimate friend

Papear –to munch

Pipi Frio –someone who just does not have a partner for a long period

Rumba –a fiesta

Yesquero – merchero in Spanish, lighter in English

Zancudo -Mosquito.



3. Conclusion

In this module you revised the characteristics of the relationship between India and other latin american countries and the usage of a particular set of vocabulary regarding the culture and the manner of doing business in those specific countries. This module also gave you reference to some words, which are used particularly in Spanish speaking countries for communication. Please do have a look at these data and interesting vocabulary especially chosen to make this an interesting journey into the heart and homes of the rich Latin American traditions and cultures.

Content Writer

1. Professor Rajiv Saxena Centre of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Latin American Studies School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067

2. Dr. Mayuresh Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Foreign Languages Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, U.P.

Content Reviewer 1. Professor Anil Dhingra

Centre of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Latin American Studies School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067

2. Dr. Carlos Izquierdo Tobías Former Visiting Faculty Centre for European and Latin American Studies JMI, Central University New Delhi- 110025

Language Reviewer Dr. Carlos Izquierdo Tobías Former Visiting Faculty Centre for European and Latin American Studies JMI, Central University New Delhi- 110025

Principal Investigator Professor Rajiv Saxena Chairperson/HoD Centre of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Latin American Studies School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067

Consultant Mr. Ehtasham Hashmi

Technical Support ICONMA, Hyderabad

Institution Support

Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi

An MHRD Project under the

National Mission on Education through ICT

Business Spanish - e-PG Pathshala

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