Business Models for Off Grid Solar for Electricity Access in Rural Urban India

8/9/2019 Business Models for Off Grid Solar for Electricity Access in Rural Urban India

1/18

!!"##"#$!%

!

5-*0+1+*6+-*78+&'()*+((-020031).9)38:)*3)*;*.)4

##?+1#$!%

;@,AB58+**4)

0-1C/+6:1)6):DE66+(()*A'14/"F1?4*

;*.)4

E((-6)4:+I1-0+((-1

J+G:K-0

;*.'(:1)4/

4*.

,4*43+>+*:

C*33K

;;7L4*G'1

C/+6:1)6):D

E66+((

M 9+0:

-':().+

:8+

N1).

Regulated

Market

T & BS

CC C

Note: Arrows Represent Contracts

C

Unregulated Informal Supplies

CC


2/18

!!"##"#$!%

#

C>+13+*6+-0;*0-1>4/C/+6:1)6):DH'GG/)+1(

E1+4(*-:(+1=+.?D.)(:1)?':)-*':)/):D

*4 -1 4 :D:-G4D466+(( ++(

2G+14:)-*4/.)00)6'/:)+(

946O-0)*014(:1'6:'1+

P'4/):D-0H'GG/D

C114:)6B'*1+/)4?/+

C>+13+*6+-0;*0-1>4/C/+6:1)6):DH'GG/)+1(

Q5-*:.KR

,)61-+*:1+G1+*+'1(0)//:8+*++.34G?':

+1=+4(4(:-G34G

58413++S-1?):4*:/D8)3814:+(

+4('1+(

-?(+1=+.

;*61+4(+0)*4*6)4/?'1.+*-*(:4:+':)/):D?D

6-*:1)?':)*3

:-

7UJ

/-((+(

Q)*

64(+

-0

V)1+

:4G(R


3/18

!!"##"#$!%

%

E/:+1*4:)=+()*;*0-1>4/,41O+:(

F(+1(G4D0418)38+1G1)6+(0-1:8+(+4/:+1*4:)=+(-'16+( C*:1+G1+*+'1('GG/D)*3:81-'383+*+14:)-*

'*): C*:1+G1+*+'1(1+*:)*3-':?4::+1D'*):( H-/4194*:+1*(Q-V*"1+*:4/R AC,)*)31).(Q(-/41B?)->4((B8D?1).+:6R

H+/0

-V*+.

34(

6D/)*.+1( 54*./+( ;//+34/'(+-031).('GG/DW

584146:+1)(:)6(-0X&'()*+((&4(+.Y

,41O+: F(+1(41+68413+.40)S+.4>-'*:0-1+468

6-**+6: -*-* 4 D 4( (

P'+(:)-*4?/+X9+34/):DYQ*-1'14/41+4(R

+*:1+6+)G:(

+*:.+/4D(


4/18

!!"##"#$!%

Z

J1)=+1(0-1J+>4*.0-1HI[?4(+./)38:)*3

)*J+=+/-G)*3

5-'*:1)+(

Lighting

Limited

Access

Demand for

SPV

Demand for

Clean Energy

Demand for SPV is driven (more) by lack of access to electricity than a

desire for clean energy. Limited access means

9+3)(/4:)=+

@14>+V-1OC/+6:1)6):DE6:#$$%

'14 +6:1 64: -* - 6D

I1-=)()-*-0466+((:-+/+6:1)6):D:-4//8-'(+8-/.(?DD+41#$$\K

P'4/):D4*.1+/)4?/+G-V+1('GG/D4:1+4(-*4?/+14:+(K

,)*)>'>

/)0+/)*+

6-*('>G:)-*

-0

!'*):

G+1

8-'(+8-/.G+1.4D4(4>+1):3--.?DD+41#$!##$!%


5/18

!!"##"#$!%

]

J+0)*):)-*-0[)//43+C/+6:1)0)64:)-*

&+0-1+26:-?+1!\\^

)0+/+6:1)6):D)(?+)*3'(+.V):8)*):(1+=+*'+41+40-14*DG'1G-(+V 4:(-+=+1K

E0:+126:-?+1!\\^

)0:8++/+6:1)6):D)('(+.)*:8+)*84?):+./-64/):DBV):8)*:8+1+=+*'+?-'*.41D-0:8+=)//43+0-14*DG'1G-(+V84:(-+=+1K

,-I@+?1'41D#$$Z

!R &4()6)*014(:1'6:'1+('684(J)(:1)?':)-*714*(0-1>+14*.J)(:1)?':)-*/)*+(41+G1-=).+.)*:8+)*84?):+./-64/):D4(V+//4(:8+ J4/): &4(:) 84>/+: V8+1+ ): +S)(:(K

#R C/+6:1)6):D)(G1-=).+.:-G'?/)6G/46+(/)O+H68--/(BI4*684D4:

200)6+B_+4/:8

5+*:+1(B

J)(G+*(41)+(B

5->>'*):D

6+*:+1(

+:6K

%R 78+*'>?+1-08-'(+8-/.(+/+6:1)0)+.(8-'/.?+4:/+4(:!$`-0:8+:-:4/*'>?+1-08-'(+8-/.()*:8+=)//43+K

ANN[a ANN[aG1-=).+(0-1J+6+*:14/)b+.J)(:1)?':+.

+*+14: -* D(:+>( 4(+ -*

6-*=+*:)-*4/U*-*6-*=+*:)-*4/+*+13D

(-'16+(V8+1+31).('GG/D)(*-:0+4()?/+-1

6-(:+00+6:)=+K


6/18

!!"##"#$!%

c

;*0-1>4/,41O+:(0-1C/+6:1)6):D 9)>):+.

466+((

:-

N1).

G-V+1

4*.

6-*:)*'+.

I-V+1

H8-1:43+(K

-*(- 4V +1( *'1 4*B(+>'1 4*4* 1'14

41+4(V):8*-31).466+((K

714.):)-*4/(-'16+(-0)//'>)*4:)-*64*./+(BO+1-(+*+

V)6O/4>G(B/4*:+1*(K

2G+*6)16'):?4::+1D)*64*.+(6+*:?'/?("5@94*.-1

4(+ >4* + 3 K

;*0-1>4/,41O+:(d

,)*)

31).(

('GG-1:+.

?D

J)+(+/

N+*+14:-1(QJNR4*.?4::+1D/4>G(V):86->G46:

0/'-1+(6+*:/4>G(Q5@9R-*1+*:K 4/H+6:-1)*;*.)4Q!\\\#$$$RB:8+1+V+1+4*+(:)>4:+.-=+1\K%#>)//)-*

X+*:+1G1)(+( -':().+8-'(+8-/.G1+>)(+(V):8-':0)S+./-64:)-*YQ


7/18

!!"##"#$!%

^

38489,8:"/$;#,


8/18

!!"##"#$!%

h

,4O)*358-)6+;*):)4/6-(:[(J4)/D5-(:

Initial Cost vs User cost per day

Case 418

Case 1

Case 6

Case 2, 3

Case 5

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

ilyUserCost(Rs.)

Economical

Popular

ase

Case 70

2

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Initial Capital Cost (Rs.)

D

52#

C>)(()-*(

[(

F(+1

5-(:(

G+1

.4DCO2 Emissions vs User cost per day

2.5

Case 1

ase

Case 3

Case 4

Case 5Case 6

Case 8

1.0

1.5

2.0

Cost(Rs.per100

sfor4hoursuse

Case 7

0.0

0.5

0 20 40 60 80 100CO2 Emissions (gms per 100 lumens for 4 hours use)

User

lume

Green Options


9/18

!!"##"#$!%

\

H-/41I[&4(+.&'()*+((,-.+/

2?i+6:)=+dN1++*)*3:8+;*0-1>4/,41O+:

?4(+.>)*)31).4*.31).?4(+.+/+6:1)6):D68413)*3

I1-i+6:dI[?4(+..)1+6:E66+((4*.(:-1+.+/+6:1)6):D466+((

'( *+(( - + d 1- 1 +* + (64 4 +4*

1+G/)64?/+?'()*+((

>-.+/

?4(+.

-*

'(+1

68413+(K

H68+>4:)694D-':-0L4/D4*G'1

[+3+:4?/+

,41O+:

I1-i+6:

)

&

=

'A

E2

%c>S !#>

F$+#"DAG 6$$%+$/%$,1H*"#G IJ)G E6$$%+$/%$,/$+#4+8*5#K+#4"8$4"841H*"#G IIJ'G 2G L*;M#,"*,#*%$,.8489,8:


10/18

!!"##"#$!%

!$

I1-i+6:J+(61)G:)-*

($C*+8$4DL4/D4*G'1 -*-:+1(B[5R

J+?:dZ$c$`Q&4*O("@)*4*6)4/;*(:):':)-*(B

541?-*@'*.(+:6KR

14* d -64 +* 14 -= KB

;*:+1*4:)-*4/"&)/4:+14/E3+*6)+(

Q8)38+1

0-1

)*):)4/G1-i+6:(RK9-V-1*-*+0-1/4:+1G1-i+6:(K


11/18

!!"##"#$!%

!!

H:1'6:'1+-0:8+I1-G-(+.

&'()*+((,-.+/

@)*4*6)*3QCT'):DR CS)(:)*3 @)*4*6)*3 Q9-4*"N14*:RM@)*4*6)*3 QN14*:R M

4C849

I[&4(+._4VO+1

9)38:)*3I1-i+6:

QL4/D4*G'1R

-G+14 -1 *=+( -1(

2U,M CS)(:)*3JN

4* ( (B 41 -* '* (B

CS:+1*4/;*(:):':)-*(

A)38:(-=+11--0:-G'(+M

H>4//H64/+5J,"

I1-314>4:)6 5J,

CT')G>+*:H'GG/)+1

Q)*6/K97,R

/#,*+8$4T

*84+#4*4C#

'84*

5-*('>+1(M,)*)

31).5-**+6:+.

_4VO+1(

5-*('>+1(M

I+1>4*+*:H8-G(

QJ4DU+1(M


12/18

!!"##"#$!%

!#

;>G/+>+*:4:)-*H:14:+3D

EV41.W

e

0-1C/+6:1)6):Df1+6+)=+.:8+&+(:&'()*+((,-.+/EV41.4::8+

E()45/+4*C*+13D@-1'>#$!$-134*)(+.4::8+E()4*

J+=+/-G>+*:&4*OQEJ&RB,4*)/4)*g'*+#$!$K


13/18

!!"##"#$!%

!%

,41O+:0-120031).H-/41

I1-G-1:)-*QG+1 !$$$R -0 8-'(+8-/.(

V):8+/+6:1)6):D

0-1

.->+(:)6

'(+


14/18

!!"##"#$!%

!Z

I1-G-1:)-*QG+1!$$$R-08-'(+8-/.(V):8

+/+6:1)6):D

-=+1

?+1#$$#R

c]:81-'*.Qg'/D#$$hg'*+#$$\R

C/+6:1)6):DE66+((:-j+4O+1H+6:)-*(

-0:8+

H-6)+:D

Q5+*('(

#$!!R

Total 9 8095 270129

Rural 66454 196836

Urban 31641 73293

Total

Rural

Urban

o a

Rural

Urban

Total

Rural

Urban


15/18

!!"##"#$!%

!]

State/ UT community TV

centre

cable TV

connection

cooperative society self-help group

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Jammu & Kashmir - 121 240 49Himachal Pradesh 21 121 387 211

Punjab 24 253 507 78

Chandigarh 174 1000 698 424

Uttaranchal - 80 135 25

Haryana 139 230 627 233

Delhi 162 1000 - 233

Rajasthan 1 58 301 124

Uttar Pradesh 1 21 209 207

Bihar 1 21 128 54

Sikkim 52 356 531 192

Arunachal Pradesh 2 20 86 233

Nagaland 559 298 613 233

Manipur 124 77 316 192

Mizoram 8 43 314 180

Tripura 20 119 365 302

Meghalaya 15 22 97 231

Assam 17 34 197 177

West Bengal 86 145 385 232

Jharkhand 1 18 46 48

Orissa 10 70 79 106

Chhattisgarh 31 122 399 276

Madh a Pradesh 45 131 350 267

Gujarat 179 324 481 134

Daman & Diu 798 1000 1000 690

Dadra & N. Haveli 379 116 291 116

Maharashtra 98 187 573 431

Andhra Pradesh 80 641 424 740

Karnataka 87 529 425 357

Goa 28 778 652 250

Lakshadweep 686 1000 1000 -

Kerala 416 853 859 800

Tamil Nadu 823 770 538 697

Pondicherry 192 408 266 386

A & N Islands 19 325 287 -

all-India 65 164 302 240


16/18

!!"##"#$!%

!c

H'(:4)*4?)/):D-0&'()*+((,-.+/(

7+68*-/-3)64/H'(:4)*4?)/):D

2G+14:)-*4/H'(:4)*4?)/):D

@)*4*6)4/H'(:4)*4?)/):D

C*=)1-*>+*:4/H'(:4)*4?)/):D

584//+*3+:--0031).+/+6:6):D466+((

?'()*+((>-.+/(

J)00+1+*6+?+:V++*N+*+14:)-*I1-0)/+ 4*.

-4 1- +M +*6+ :-143+ 4::+1D

H64/4?)/):D:-(+1=+31-V)*3*++.-0+S)(:)*3

6-*('>+1(Q>)*)31).(R

C*=)1-*>+*:4/)(('+M ?4::+1D.)(G-(4/

1-V * *6->+B4(G 14 -*(4* B +*6+B

+/+6:1)64//-4.K

5->G+:):)-*01->X01++"68+4GY31).G-V+1W


17/18

!!"##"#$!%

!^

784*Oa-'

VVVK)):OK46K)*")>+"4*--G(

4*--G(k)):OK46K)*

H+/+6:+.

A+4.)*3( eC6-*->)6(BA+3'/4:)-*4*.;>G/+>+*:4:)-*H:14:+3D0-1A+*+V4?/+C*+13D

5+1:)0)64:+()*;*.)4fB;*.)4;*014(:1'6:'1+A+G-1:#$!$B2FIK

e B&411)+1(4*.;*.)64:-1(fB5/)>4:+H:14:+3)+(BFLBj-1O)*3I4G+1#$$\

e5/)>4:+5-?+*+0):I-/)6)+(0-1:8+;*.)4*C*+13DH+6:-1dJ->+(:)6J1)=+1(4*.+*:dHG+6)4/;(('+-*;*.)4B%Q%RB%$h%#%B#$$\K

eE,41O+:0-1A+*+V4?/+C*+13D51+.):()*:8+;*.)4*I-V+1H+6:-1fB!"#"$%&'"%#()*+,%-#%&'".#"/01!"2-"$i-'1*4/3C/(+=)+1B!%Q#$$\RcZ%Mc]#K

e+(5'(: 4*.L41(:+*


18/18

!!"##"#$!%

!h

5-'1(+(Bj-1O(8-G(4*.5-*0+1+*6+(

H8-1:7+1>5-'1(+e584//+*3+(4*.;>G/+>+*:4:)-*;(('+(G-(:+6:1 6 :D 6: d +3' 4:-1DB - 6D +6 * 64 - ': -*( B

!ZEG1)/B#$$Z

;*:+1*4:)-*4/5-*0+1+*6+-*eI-V+1,41O+:J+=+/-G>+*:)*;*.)4dA+0/+6:)-*(01->;*:+1*4:)-*4/CSG+1)+*6+fB!\#!EG1)/B#$$]

>)(()-*(B%$:8g'*+]:8g'/DB#$$h

5-'1(+(Bj-1O(8-G(4*.5-*0+1+*6+(

Q6-*:.KR

#*.54G46):D&')/.)*3I1-314>>+0-1200)6+1(-0C/+6:1)6):DA+3'/4:-1D5->>)(()-*(B%hE'3'(:B#$$\

%1. 54G46):D&')/.)*3I1-314>>+0-1200)6+1(-0C/+6:1)6):DA+3'/4:-1D5->>)(()-*(B#%#hE'3'(:B#$!$

C*+13D5-*6/4=+#$!$Bh!]g4*K#$!$

Z:8 54G46):D&')/.)*3I1-314>>+0-1200)6+1(-0C/+6:1)6):DA+3'/4:-1D5->>)(()-*(B!h#%g'/DB#$!!

]:8 54G46):D&')/.)*3I1-314>>+ 0-1200)6+1(-0C/+6:1)6):DA+3'/4:-1D5->>)(()-*(B!h#%26:KB#$!#

1/+" *4:"#5#C+#:/*/#,"*,#*P*85*

Business Models for Off Grid Solar for Electricity Access in Rural Urban India

Documents