Business Made Easy by Shaykh Ashiq Ilahi Madni (r.a)

8/3/2019 Business Made Easy by Shaykh Ashiq Ilahi Madni (r.a)

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,K i t aabu l Ibuyoo'" (bus~ne 's : s transacnons) .....".'.."...'..". 1[ 0

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M·ak,r [o loh (im,permi:s,s,l iblle) sales. ~.co 0" ••••• , • ' •• ~ . .. . ,i.,.i . , •• ~•• 2:4. E x;am p ,l,e [s o f in va U d s a le s and th e laws

regard inlg [ it • ' ." • . , • • ' • • " • • ,. .. .. , . • •• ' .. ' " ,. • ' .. .. .. "• .. " '. .. , . •• • ' • . , • . '• • ,. .. . ~ . ,i'•• '. 2 '5Examp'es ,ofimperfect saleeaad the I,aw

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So !m le c ond lt lo n s ,e.,Ir1ddiff ierenc 'ea ; between ' the

lessor and the ~ess'ee .'..., 0 .' 0 '. ' " . , • ~ ,. ' .' • '• •• ' . ' • • ' '. ~ • '• • '. '" • • ' • ' • . ,. ' . , ,.. ~ '• • ' ~ • .• 7.3The inval :~dal i , o ln ,of a reniralag ree :me nt ,. ,.,.,.,.~.,.~,.74F a as :id ,a !g n ~e ,m ,e nts d ue to , condltlons, .,~ '.,.'.~ ,.,.,~.. ' 7 , 5 1Cond l i i t i on '0 m optlon lJ rental ag lree'ment o r . ' . . , . " " ' , . , . . ' . '71~

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NO r 1 lf l. S i ll e: n t parfnersblp I (mudheuarabah).". , . , . . , . ,. , .~ .,." . ; E 3 J ~ ',Some I~awsgOivern~ng buslness ...,.,.~.,.,.,•,..,..".•.~.. ,.,.. ,. , 8 , a ,Forward' I i i ' j1!I!! t ! ! ! i!t i!l. ' ' I! i!11!!1~ !!. i J ' ~ I!,i , ii ~ . ' I !!"!!!ii!!!!J!!!i !!II~II •• I ! i III_I! 111 1111 • ~ III!~II II..!I!~• II!• II!l II!II! I S B !

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T 'r u s fWOr1h ii ness , l in Bus,i!ne's·s D I~ 'aU ng rs , ~ "'", ., '". '91

8T he ,S i'n o f T,slkingl Oaths to ,Sen Gooa l s '. .' .'. . '. . .. '. .' " ".: 9 ! 9'The Sins lofDeceivi ingl " Mix~ngGoods ,andBreac ih i inn · ·..1 ,8 Trust ~.,.'.'~. , ,.'..' ~.,...'"..~.'.' '.. .'..~"... 100

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S,eU i ing s ()lm e th in g "h at: i i l B not jin One's __Possesslon I ! !I ' !! Ii !!! ! L ' I i i i ! ! i! 1 ~! '~ 1 1~! ! '!!l ! l Io iij 1 I i ! ! .I!,!! i i ~ ;~ I ! I ' 1I!I!iI!i il;!!!I,i, i! 10lS

Amounts Taken i i inE'x:cess ,of t h e i l- o s .n . g iv e nW l i II I ~b , e I n t e I r e s , t , . ,. '. ' . , • , . .~ .'. '. .. . '. , ~" . . ,. . '~ ' i • •• ' • 0 '•• '•• ' ' )0 '• • ' . ' . ' • ' . . . 0 • •• '•••• ' ." ~ • ,1 , 0 , 8 ,DSlr i j ,v in ,r" ,sny B,enefit from a P ,aw ne d A r~ U c fe isr e 'Q , a rded , . 8 :8 l~nte,rBst ' ,., ' ,...••.,.:.,.,.".'."'".r'' '~'' '' ' ••'•• 1 rQ i9P,ay the !E:m,polys 'Q QUiC~III~1nd P'ay ln :FuU..,~.,...,,,,.11 0

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B:usiness M,ade . E : 8 . S Y

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· A I I I II [p,raisein re ,aUty. ls only 'for AUaah . W'e,ll:aud Him and

be 's ls 'BCh H i ls , aid and b e'g f O'f'g iv ,e n es e fr om on'ly Hhnand beUeve ln Hliilm and r,ely' solely , onHi ,mr~ ,W,e ' seek:sallv8,t i ion ~ n rHt rn f rom the, , s /vUe0 ,1 o u r ' i inns!r s a liv as a n dthe, viices of lour actions, Th,sr,e h s , none to mis,gu'i'd,e

o ne 'w ho ,m A,Uaah i i n t ends to guide and ~here~s none!to Iguide whom Allaah lntends to mislead, II bearw i il n e s, s f h ,a t : ' ther,€!: is no one wadlhy o f w o rs lh iip olnllyAUaah, the One who has no partner, ,I aliso t ee tl if y t ih ls tH,adhr,at IMuha :m,mad (eJIfj) is the f,aJthfull servant and

'h e Las t R a sru l o f A1! Iaah. ,M , a , y Aillaah Ta'a la ' s m S ' l r , c y '

be en hi,m,;his f ,amUiy and his' Sahaba,ah f~A j l m a e e n ) and Imay H,e Ib~ess ·t lhe,ml and r , a l S l 8 ' thei:r

status.,' ~Muh t as , a r 'aUdUlr !i l~ ' 01 : Albi i A 'I _ , IHusseinAhm,ed Ibin

I Muhamm l ad biin Ahr'mlad bi n ,Ja'far bi n Hamadaan , a l l

B,agdadhi A ll Quduri (~) is a atandard H,ana~lJurlsprudic text taught in most Darul IU l loo'ms. and,institute',s of lea,rnin'g thr,oughout. Ihe world. lit lsQ , c cl, aim e d a n d eV91ry scho l a r kno,ws the value ol f the'te,)(,t~

Mu f t'i , A as h iq I II la h iiBulanshai~i Muha j i i r Mad,ani i wro te aArabic, ,comme,nt8Iry o,f ~~Muhtasar Qudu ri" 'I ' e n lt ir t~ e d UA~

Tahs /e e ll a s Z'uhrulrii n M,.,sall ,a l Quduri i ' ' : " in an a'a,s,y'tofo, l l lo,w Quelst i :on and A nswe r s y s t I B , m . . Man y ' ~nstitute,sha . ve ' included it in th e ir SyUabu ls " , a 'l r e a d ,Y . , .

W'le' h , 8 , v ' e r ends ' red I re ,lev,an t socllioin:l, o il nK, i laab lu lBuy ;oo" ('IB o ok o n T ' ransae t ions) , l i lnto, ' EngUsh .

D ,se n is com ip !I 'e 'ts ,.E ve ry asp e c t, ,o f illife ea n bede : s i g ned a ni '1ls ls ,a mic ba:sics., e,y s,tudyiin:g and

8 , IB 'u slln e ss M la de Easy' 9

p,r;acUs, ing l on the, laws as s,tiIPu~aJed, one's e a , r l n i i n g : s ,

wi I I I 1 become pure, ha raa l and na t u r any fu n of Ba rakaa t :(B I 'Bss; i i ngs) . . ,

,One canno,t OV: fU ' e,mphias ise the i 'mpo l r tance o fle 'arnlingl hslaal (l:slaamiicaUy pe l rm issab le) and the's,s'

days _ lU ln l ~ . I!sla,amic eeonotrso mlethodis, are b S ' i in ' Q 'fo~ced 'via, clpen ,and f r 'Be based 'e ,oono 'mic: sys,te,ms,wh~ch Irotatle, around l interest, the',rao,t lo f f inanlc,i ial eviland destlr lucti 'o!n.

We maiko, duaa ' the book is studi'edl with a view topra,ctice and new ave,nues; with further qlule,sUons onrsl,aa.mlic E,conoml ic:s d e , v I s , l ! o p , . .

May AUaan.grant:us the abiJih.l to practise?

A . .H . ELlAS ( 'MU , FTI )

142'1/2001.

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K,ITAA,BIUL IBUVIQIQ'

, (BU 'S I 'N IE,SS TR:ANISA.CT' I IO ' INIS!)

No 1., GEINERAL. .

Q,. . . ' , :Wha 't ' i s (the def:inttion Olf) 18 transaction o f ,sa~e'?'

A.ns: It : lis the exc,h lang:e ,of:one commodity 'for anotherloo ,mlmodi ty ' with th e ' (happy) loonsent ' o ,f thetransactors,

Q...: IH iow i , 5 1 ,a ,sal le contracted?

,Alns: ' ,A sal's ls comraoted ' w l i t h o'fter' and aecsptenee,whi,ch . 5 ,s,ffS'ctisd in the past tens·e (lLa ..he wordsused tor offer land .aclc9pi·anc'ls la to be iin the past

tense). lt wU ] be as Ihou'gh one of: th e f l rans,8 !c to l rs(contractors) ils:saying ::I I I I so ld ( :t h ls , , a rt ii c i~ ! e)to you' andth e other Is :s a,y in g :: " ll haV,8 bought it f lrlolm you'.

Q...1 :: If one of' the transactors st,ipul!atesthe sale (bymalk. i ing an oner or acceptance), wlU the sale then bel

biindiingupon the other person?

A,ns: Asaie' ls not binding by ,o,ff,er(or aceeptance)a lo ln e , . . Ilnf,ac'l li t wiilllonly be bindlj:ng if both, the IQl f fe r 'and acceptance are afl 'e,cted,. If ,one ,of the conlr~.ctingparties places an 'off8 , ' r ' ot :52.1,8 1 , then the other ha s ,8

cha i i oe ;) - i lf hie pleases he may accept ,o r r eje c 't d u rin gtha,t:same s;iitt,ing~If he accepts then the sale wiU bebinding ,. In the case of accep t ance " nelther of th ep'.arti les ' wil l h a ve , ,8 oho lce (o f ,r 'esclind~inlg: n l , e ' sa, l ,e) .Q"'4,:Wh~isl the acc lsptance ' Ilimited to the sames,itti:ng?

A,ns: Because if one , o f ' the IP 1a r t : i l9 s plla,c!e'sthe o U e : r 1 0 l f

s alle ,~th en h e g oe s a wa y' fro m tha,t: p lace o r th e ot· .he,r

11'

person 'g,o,esa:w,a:yb e , j : o ' f , e ' the acceptance is made,then thl le o,ffer of saJew'm b,e, r endered nutl ane v,oid

( ,i nv aUd ) , .

IQ. . .5 : Wheln the sale has been eoncfuded, doe,s the,buye r have any recourse to ch'oice { ii .. e . i s ; there a ,

IPOlss~i,bjilli ' ty of canceilliing the sale or re tu . rn ing l thegOlods: foi r some lo r a n y other r ·e ' .ason}?'

,Aln,s: Yes, he has that choice, if a fa ult h sfound on theart~ilcle that he purchased, Itfhe deslres h ie , m l a y return

it, or he mliay keep i l t . . SimlUady , the' buyer has, a choiceof returnin'QIor keelP' i ing the art~cl,elf: he had purchasedif t w~t' ,h,o 'ut ,s ,ee ing it.

Q\~6::Is a cred,~tsa l l e .p e rml rss : ii b le?

,Ana: A s a ! r , e ls lP,e,rmj'ssib~le with cash or crledi t ,

hpw,ever in IQ cr ,edi tsal l 'e , the dUl!"at i ion (and a n terms)

,o f credit must be k no w'n a tth e !'ime o f : s ,a l l' e~Q,":7: .A pe r son bought ~g,oods , by j 'nidic,at ing towards it;

however t he , q u an t: it y ,o f the· a . l n U c l e w'aJs no t spec i f i ed"neither by w'eight. nor measure. A I ' t e : r n a , t l i v l e l ' y " twopersons traded one typ,e, lo,f comlmlodi ty fo r , ano the r(amolng,st: t he lmse lves) without speci'fying thequa .n t· it ie s " b u t, this tra de , w as ,affe:ct isd by indie,ati ',on

(eg . , One~say . s . ,r~ t r ade , this, box 01 pens fair th at h :ea p ,o f'w lh l ea t) . .A n ~ th es e, tw'O s a le s 'v aU d l? '

.

Anls: : Yes bo th sa le s a re v :aUd, .B e C , B I l J s e the , exc lhange

whic,h iis indi:cated m,wafds (Isi ' ther the curir'ency'ors ,oUd a rtlje le ); d oe s, n ot neces~sna t ·e a . descri ,ptfon 0': ,i 't:s

qu-,ant i ty for th e p e irm ifs sw biU ty o lf the sa i lS . . Becaus1e 'sU1r e l ~an ;indica,t. ion lis in i1 se lf -,8 m eans lo f 'd1esictrip,t: ioll i!.

'Q, -8 : : , i t a , c lU \ r , re n c y l i s , speci i f i ied tl b u~ :n e ~ th e r t he typ1e nor 'q ua ntity is g iv le n fs p ec if,i,s ,d ), what lis the Irul l~ngl o f t h i , S ,typ ,e 'O fS 8 lre? . .



Ana: I" the curr,oncy is s [ p ' e , c i f h e d i le 'g, . , A person said "Ibought from you (x Article) 'in exchange for s.i,lver ( Q ! f

g O l l d o r diin ,a r,s , o r d ilrh ,a m,s o r r ands - o l r whe,a. t) ,~ b utn eU l n;e r t yp e " nor quantity issps'c:ifiied, t ; I " 1 I IG,n su c h , asa le ls i :nv,ali i id~To specify qUBntiity is an ii:lnherentcondlflon ,o f ,any sale, A sale w in be vaUd if : one sa y s , : '

~ h ave , bought ,(X ,ar1icl,s ) in exchaln ,ge fo r the,s,e I(Xamoum ) dirham:s"'f a n d h e : sp ,e ,c if ie s the t y ,pe~, Gig. M i i s ,r il(E ,g ' yp t ,~an)or Shaamil ( Sy r i an ) d~,rha,m,s, a n d I he s ,p e c iiityth e qualitYI eg . Pler f ,ec~ ly m in te d o r im p e rf,e ,c :t I O Q ~ n S "

Q..9: I lf a, currency 'is spec'ined" but the' de:sc r i i p t ionthereof is not, leg. lta person says; ,Ihavesoid for I'endirha,ms.;' And in that 'ci ty ' t h e i r , s are dliiffer,ent t yP'ss ,(qua~i iUe,s. ) , o ' f d i l rhams : , bu t aU ,a re ot th e same va il u e . .WUI I t h e s alle be va lld iin thls c ase if 'th e bu ye ,r a C J o e , p t s i ? '

Ana: I~fi' t ls !like'this,. then it 'w m be valid, Tha t : typ:e ,

, (qua l l i 'y ) 0 , " d l ii rha .m w ' iUaP lP ly ' in this salewhiich I S ' [i ng e 'n era l u se by th e d w,s lle rs o f: that p l ace .

I Q · . . 10 1 : D ilr lh a,m ls s pe cifite d; b ut i: n t ha i . p'llacle (when; ,sale occurred) then3 are dl f f ,sr ,ent tY'pes of d i i rhams ofvary 'ng val us . w m a : r u l l : t n l ' g oftlhe v,a,Ud l t y 0" th e sa leb e g iv ,e n ~ "'ttd s : I ins l 'ance?

, Aln s,: I ,' the mo,netaryval~ue 0 , ' th,s diiff,sr,sn.t di i rha:msdi f fer" then the s a le is F a a sid i (i i1m :p e 'r ie c t') ', un le s s onespec i i f f c ' t , ype o f d irh am a nd 'th e qU8 :n t i t y 'E S ment , i oned .

~'1111: Is th e sa~e'o ff O l o l d

and g ra in vaU diif e x e c u t : i f ; : l , d

b ymea.5 lU l r ec r est im"ate? ',

Ans~ 'The, :salle of:food is v,all~d if done in , exchang ,e tardi l rham, di;nar', mo,ney o r' g lr alin . H ,o w 8 ive r th e' s ad ,e ' o ffoodtor toadl ~both c,lss'metype) wi;1Inot be vallid byes '~ imate , because ' Ihe! re lis a 'po,s~sibiil l ity o f R,iba.( iAI8: rest) . ,

12_ Businsiss M,ade Easy' '13

~-12:: .One.person .sald to another Ir II , s, o, ll d ( am sE in in g l

t , O I you) th~s conta .~ne' l r fun ,of wheatt,. and 'the otheraecepts Ino,f.withs'ta,ndlngl Ihefem that he does notI k :~ low '~he preclse qU l an~Uy l ( c ' apacUy ) of: the eon t a l ne rw ' h , en f lmedWU I tlhi:s sale be valid?

Ans: The'- salle,, o f '

a specific' filled conta i iner is v,al l id 'even though th e exact capalci ty thereof ii s unlkno, 'wn.

Q~1_~:~hat' li s the ruUng Of;8 sale 81)(ecut:ed by usdng asl,one of unkn,o,wn w ' e i g l i H i t as ,8 ,Im easu re? .

Ana: This too, is va~iidand permis's;i ible~

Q'-~4: A person ~Us a heap of grainsti.pulating IQ'8,ch

qafeez (measure of weight) 'for a dirham. Is such a. saleJ"'d'a d : _ _ , ~ '

. ~ lI l1 ls ::The ,s:a~e o f on~y ·one .q '8, fee'z : 'wliU be v,BiUdr i n 'th iis: Ins,tancis! , an d : in v ,a lid fo r I)h~erest, unliess t he , tOlmJw ' e i ' g l h t l i s , s p e c: i. file d a t U r n s of 8 8 , 1 , 8 1 . - c

Q...115:A person: SO l l l d a nock la ,':s h eep , la n d said ~eachs,heep f O l r a dirham" ~Wh~t Is t h e ' r u li n- g lin this oase?

- .An.: The ,sal'e ~s Faasld with I r ,ega.rdl tc ' thle who,I'eDock - . . .

• + · 'Q. . .~::.,What ts the ruling! I r ega rd i ng la , pe r son . ,ssU ing

c~~t~1~~I,~ength ( a , roll t ? ' I c ' , I ' O l t h ) ~ 1each I,sngth ( ,s g . . I m e , t :r le )fo r a , d l l rha,m~Ja,ndthe t : lotai, l longth iis no t s ta te d?' -

~.~ ~:_ ~~ _i i ;ss,al ,~ is n,si iheir v . aUd for o !n e h a n g ,th (me tr e )

nor fo,rthe entire : r o n . ..Q..17 ' :, Wha . , t, i s , ' t he ' ruU ng r eg ia rd ln g l t he p e 'r s ,o ,n ls eU ~n g~' he·ap ottood, ,st~atingthat it Is a hundred qafeez andlit'c!O~t~a hundred df rhat r~s , . ,Ther,8'after the' buyer fiindsthat lit rs less than a.hundred qaf le,ez:?

A~~i:.!.hs' buyer h~~sa choice .~' f ihle wishe's he mayf~ke-' this ,heap for Its prcporflonats V i a l U I B o r he Imaycancel 'the sale,



I B lu s ,i ;n e s s IM . de IEi8SY '1 4

, Q I . . .1,8: 'What : if'the' heap ,~smore than '100 q 2 J r f e ' G z ? '

Anfs:: The excess is the sene r s .

Q" , ,119 : : A pe r son buys c l ioth ,a ,ccept ing it 't o ibis '1 0 1

m etre s fo r ten dlirhams, o r he ! bu¥s '100 metresquared~,and - r : IQ I I i 1,00 dlrharns, 'Wih,a t is th e ruU ng il f t he ~ bu y ,s r

finds this elotn or land to be 1 1 ' 9 : $ 1 9 than what the ss,Ue'fstated ii i · t o , Ibe?

Alns : The buy'sr has , a choice. If he 'w ishes he maytake lt for the f ;ul l p~lceor he may I'eave''it

Q-201 : W'hat , i f : h e fin dis ; it · to ib s, m o re th,anwhat'w'8.sSPiBci'f ied?'

Ani.:' The lenti:r,e ,com'lmoldiity w l i .l r be t lhs' buyers fo r theprice agr'Bled up on .. 'The sene r has n o , c h oic e '. Tlhiisl a : . , - .o p , , · I I I " e . · s - · , · t l o ' t a n :d · ~ s w 'e U . . . ' . ... . . , . , , ~ , . ' . ' . . . . ,W- --_"_ 1_ -- .~ ·~, , • ~ - I I I 'I .~ , I I ., I . _

Q...2 : 1 1 : :'Wt-l,af ', isl

t h e , : " rullirtg'·in "th,i.s: IGase trlat th e Ise ' l tersays ~ I so ld (am s eU 'tn g ) th i, s to you - Jt 4 ; 8 ; ~ • ' l !·1'OO

metres 'for a 100 dirhams:. 9 ,a , lchmet rs for one dirham, 'Then the buyelr ' fl~nds;·t tc ~e more or . l e s S ! ?

Ans: I.t ii t is, less than specified" then the buyer has acho,~c]eo e : l t h s ' l r take lttor the proportionate val!u:e or toI r i 9 l B ' v e lt, f'" it is m ore , 'then he has ; a choipe t' o eith~irtalks ,a U f'or th e l proportionate val lue or he may cancelth e · s a le .

Q...22: I I " ; the saUer ,says ,:IIsold this bale of cloth to yOil

'. . i it comprlses 10 piscss of clot'h for ,8 100 dirhams,each cloth is1 0 dirhams,' Ther'eafter the ba le ' is f'oundto be more or I le ss th an 10 p iec es " Wha t Is th e ' ruU ng ?

,A ns : ,If;it i !s I less t h a n 101 pi i ,eces, the,~:t h e ' sale w i i , 1 1 1 1e

'V ,aUd 'fo!rthe propor t lona te value, If' it is mora t han '10pieces then the sale is Faasid,

_ ~- . - . - ~- I . , .

,

BU , $ , i n ess Made Eas :y 16

Q,.. .23,: A pe rson ,se llis a ho use and does no t m e c , n t i i a n

except the house (Le. n O I I m e n t i i o n of the fixtur,esJn t t l i n g ; s l ete.), What is inc:luded jinth~s sai~ ,e?

.Ans: ,If one sel~s a house, then the' f , o U o l w i i l n ' Q ' are~ncl luded ln the sahe" 'e 'van if ne t me,nti io,ned;: th ecourtyard, the ,stru'cturiS '(walUs~reot, doors" wl indows,

eto.), and t he , kS iys o f the I tbcks,.

Q~ - , 24 , :Wha t li s th e r ,u l'in g r e ' g l a r d . i , n g l tlh le sa le , o f , t l h a tla nd w hiic h h as , d ats 7p alm s, and Q , t h ' B ' r ' 1 I r 'e , s ' s , ?

.A,ns, : : D'ate"'palms and ,o therr Ilr'GIGS w m be in c llu ded intbe sale o,f land whelhel ' l r ' :sp 'e ,c l f ied or not

10·,2)6: What is , the ruling m f' ,8 , land i , !L S , Q , I :d whe r eup , on

there ,are -p I ,8 lntat i90S . ( i .j B . . the land w,as cu l t i iv ,a ted),and t h e . c a t t i \ < J m 1 i o A r s ~a'e.:nat s lpeci f ie ,d . i in- · thesal'et?'

Ans!: PI,antal i 'ons , are not lin c ru de 'd i;n U 1 1,e.sale- , o f ~anEi

unlles:s.s~ecifi~d~ _ ..p-~ I '" ~.t 1 0 1 . ''f I ~ . . ,

:Q...6: ,If 8 ' d a.te "'p a11Im ,o r' a tre e j's ,so:~dwhilst ~t·hasdates orfrults '8 tm glrowi 'ng UIPon it'l thenlwho does thefru it belong ' t l O ?

Ans: Tne ' f iruiit .be l l1ongs , to the sel ler , unless the buy'erh a s speci, f led lo, t :he lrw: is r9! . li t wi1 1 ' 1 1e ' , s , a i i d t o · t h e ,B ien le r "Remo , v e y10ur f i~u i1 :s ,and hand 'OVB'f the , tree to th e ,b u ye ,r . . ~

Q..2~7':ts it permi'ssible t O l s l o l ' l 1 u n l l ' ii p ' G ' fruils:whUst:. stillon a tree?'

.Alns : II la pe r !m,: is s, ibs, ' to seU 'IJu it on a t ree' , whethe r it

has r~pened or .not. It wiU be necessaryfor 'the buyerto re mo ve the fruits i in the same !c!ondit~on{o f S , al'e ). ,

Q...28 , , :What if a c on di,U o n ,is ;p l!a c'e d to le ave the, fruiton the tr e ,8 tU I i, t has r r i i l P , e n e d ?

A ,n .s : T hts c on dliU o n willIi r ende r th e sah~'iFaasid"



, - - art ~.,1 - · - f o r d " ' I ' n ' r s ~ , ( ' , O · o · · l d , . · . ·-'. -_ L . " _ , . ' _ . I" ',_', I , . . '" . . " , , " , . , . _ ', ' , _ ' _ _

Q...,:2 ' : SOll lneone' bo~ughl , ' · a , ~ 1 :al, ~Ce ~ .~ _ .'. ..._ . ., ~ .,_ ,- . .. • , s ' ) . .. o r d · ·· ·· lr h ·· a ·~ . m - -C ! C : l" .c : :. ( - . S. . · ' I · IIV - · : s · - . _ . r · · O . ~ ! . ' i n ~ I . · S ) , a n .d . .t..e . ' . 8. , 8 1 1 . 8 . ' . r . . ' r o Q . ._ .U . l,r.' 9...co.ns, I '.- . I. ,II '. . : :1'.-- , II, ., ._ L ___ _ _ _.~

a~thenticitv .(and proper evaluation) .of . these eoms,Who 'willi be U a b l : e ' fo'r 't he f ,e e of the evalua,lor? , .

An-s:The selller,. . _

'Q~33: 'Thecurr,enc'y used lin a ~ale, is exces's,iv'e and

n'eoessi ta, ls 's, : s o m I E U ? n e , t ( ) coulnt Ilt~,_.. .•.. c,L,?

U p on 'w ho m is 'the ! f,ee ,olf the counter bInding.

Ans': The , bUYie lr,. ,_ _

Q-34: Is it necessary for the .sold articleto.be .hande dover (to buyer) 'first) or hs, it neces~a!Y,fo'r the b l L _ l y e r to

hand over the exchange (m,oney) flr :s,t? .

Ans:: I' f the' article iis solid in. , e, xc h a n g e . .. .~r Icurl~'en~y,- . "'~Ib - ' t ' ldl t o ' ····he·- I b - ' u y - ~ e - r· to hand over theth,en : I i l: ' W h - e i~O" -' _ _ ~1i_1- __ - ' ~ ,~. . .~ '" ~ -..', .. _ ,":', _~_ ,- id'maneyfirst.w

i

l 1 , e n he has done _~tHSt~~n _ I ! Win be ~a__10 ' the -s e l h m ' , to har1:dover the article of sale,

JB':USj',nasaMade Easy 17

~ - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - ~ ,J f ' one ,oomm,odity is sotd If n exebang is , for another oneor' one currency , j iS , e ' xchang led for another, then 1 ft w - U ' I I 'be' ,said to bo'th the ,c ,ont ra,c ' t '~ngparu'es to band over'their respecUve , j t ,e ,msS ' l i ,mlu~tanleous~y. .

No 2. OPTION OF CONDITION(taking on '.appro')

Q·1= What is the ruling regarding the option of placing~ , ,? o n _ d i' t i , o n (le. ~l:aldngl o n ,applr,o'~)f,orth,s' buyer o risel l ,er?

Ans.:' Thj 's, opti,on is vafid to r bo,th the buy,el r and thesener.-

Q-2 : : ts ' the i rs, a U m l i t p, taced on thi,s'?

Ans,: The I'imitof' optron dep,ends on whl,atevlerdur;atj,on ~;splaced by one' ,of-the, p,arti'.es" with thehappy :c,onSlsnt o'f the other. .

'Q . . .3:' Twol persons I con t rac ted a,sale, the , S , B ' U e r ' h~mLs,e ,~ i fsp'elc,rtie~ a dUration ,of' optio,n, andtne buyer 'tookposseSs,hJn ,o f the g oo ds .. The g,oodswere, ,dest'lrOY'Gdby the buyer during this period. What is the ruling?

Ana: The basis of this is, that since the seller placed' the c,ond~t,i:on of Ichoio8 1 the al1,rcle remains h is

.property. When the buy,er teok pos,s.e;ss ion Q lf the

,artich~!',he was in actual fact takJ'n 'g ha~dof the seUerspro ,Rer t y . , ~ If it ';'8 destro'yed , in h is (buyers), POSS Go: ) ' . . . . . . .. . . .,

during this period, then he (buyer) is responsible. Hemust ir'epl~ice t h v B ltern, j' f it : l is such that' lit can be.rep~,ace,d .(e,g',. SOlm,e'th i ing 'wh~ch is wedg ' hed or

measured) o r he must compensat'e the saner thevalue of the destroyed item, i f it cannot be replaced bys - imna r j 't em (, e '9 " ,A , sheep). -



r~ oi

19

Q-a, : 1:9 it, necessary fo r th e ' p e rs on who , 'h as th eopt[i,on,to cancel or vaUdiate the sE I ) , l l e in the presenceo f' t he o th er p 'a rty '?

Ans,: If he va l ida tes[ the sate, I~nhe absence of theoths'r person it w n t f bs valid, ,How[el l ler~ ' to cancel tihe

,salletne p re se n ce ' ,o ,fth e ' other party ~slmperanve,Q...1:A s la ve , lis sold o n ' tih i is ,unCl'B'rst 'anding t ha t he ls abaker or 'wlr~te[,Ii, and the buysr finds the S,lrilve

o t 'he !, rw i, s ,e~what can he do'?

A .n s .: T his bU~le, r has [a cho ihJe . If he wlshlest he cankeep the s : i r a ' V ' B [ fo'r t : h e 'fu ll a g re ;e d p lr i " ce ' 0 11 " he m a y

cancel 'the sale and return' the slave,

I Q " " 1 0 , , : One ol the[ itw'o parties had the option ··,ofcondlnon and he dha s prior to this period exp i r i ng orbefore the sa~ewas, v,aUda,t 'ed . Does this c ho ilic e n ow'p as s [o n t o h iis h eir,s ?

Ans: H'~schoiice i s li nv [aU d i 'n t lh i is : Instance" , This c:hOkHE~'is not p assed o n t ' IO h is h e ir s. , T h e ,s [s ,le i, s c o n s id e re doom,p,i,e't ls and b iindi lng . .

Q I .. .11:,A ,p ers on b uy s a n a rtlic lle 'before se1eitng lt , lis sucha sa le 'Va lId o r no t?- _ ._ -

,Ana:: The slate is valid li:n such an Instance. H!ow'9ver,th e buy·e . r has a c ho ic e arter s,ee ' i 'ng the[ ,art:icle, if ' hew i's he s: h e c an take ie , o r he Im lRY [a, turn i t : . I(Nlo!te',:B u y e [ 1 i[can aliso cancel sa te prtorto see inga , r ti c , fe ) , . .

.-

Q..2,: Is. t 'her ,e a . t im:e p,e'riod I f : e rQ [ a r d i il n ' 9 th is t y pe ' [ 0 , 1

ch'0· 1 0 -c13?1_'- - 11 _ _ g

Ans: The l f 8 is nospe1ciflic timle pe, r : iod, .ThJs chio,i,ce[does not ' f , anaway until a nu~uncation lis not f l ound. The





22

;Q. .,1: A p:t;!:rson 'bought: siometh i ing : , th_B[n he is ma~:~.aw·arle 0 ' a fault (in the aniclel,which, ' o iccur l r 'ed~nththe se~,~er.Is , it p , 8 I 1 m i t s , s l b l l ,e for h~lmto return the

a[rUcl 'e?

Ans::I'f' the buyer did not see the f ,aU I I :~at th~ t~ir~ne?~sa[~'enor at the tiime ofl ta:k~ngpesaesa t on , neul t~,e r did

the' ,seiber alarilly this fau~t.,- , then [ hi e ( bu y ', e r) has a

cnolce, .Ithe wis :hes 'he·Ima·y take iil for the ~'~I~.~rice airhe ma:y return i t . . . , , ~ . ." .

,Q . .2 : C a in , 1he Ibuy,e r ' not kes:p the. a ,rtiic l'e a nd d ed uc t

t he , v a lu e o lf the f,au,1It?' ,

Ana: He csnnot do th i;s.

Q - . 3 1 : · What t ype ' o , f: · f. a u li ts - a r e c ·ohs i i de red .I in thes is

mas "aa~l?Ana : }\Jnythinglha't n~ces9ila'tes, a d e c re ,~ s .e ·_ i _ n _ _V',~ I :~e(otan u:em) inthe' B's,timlstiotn o,f' ti~,e bUS ln l, es ,sm ie n I S

r ;e g la rd ed a s a 11ault

Q-4:: Explain some faults, 'w~ich I~ende,r th,e

p ,e ,r m,i, ss ~ bjU t y [ of t hs ' b uy e r to return the goods .

Ans:' Thelonow'ing are consiidan;~das fault:s ~na ml i ino rslave, (n o t. ' ye t :matured):: bed-w' ,e t t tng" tende~'cy. to run, a w a y and theft 'When the ' s t a , V ' l s ' matures, .the,n these

w i l l i :not.be r.egarded as faults.

Fou: I ' - smeIUr lQ. und~"Far~s, .. ~a~I~;_ ~,a.d..bre.~.t~l, .,~reregia'rd:eda~ faults, I n . _ a~dave-glrl_and no!~ ! n ~ _ I ~ · o y _ ,lInlless ~tiiS due t o a . s i'c kn es s., ,Aldultery and , I h, a v: ~ng lan~me'g i t im,ate,chi ld a re [r eg ls [r de d] asf :aul ts , i, n a .SI ,Bv'9-gir l"

bu f no t iin a boy...

&

Q'. . .5[: A ' f , a , u l l t in an articre was introduced wi,th the'b uy er . t 'h ,s n h e , 'w a s , made , awa ra o f a fauU wh i' [c h c a r n efro m tlh e s ls lle r.W lh a't re co urs e has he n,o iw?

A ,ns ,: H e (buysl!!") ca n deduc ·t the v , a l ' U l e ,Q,1: the d , s f ec t

wlhioh earns from the seller, He cannot' returntihea r ti rc h 9 e ~ c : ep t with the happy consent o f th es elle Jr ', 'to

t ake it bSIG:k with th e t a u l 1 t 'whiiCh 'was : i'ntro~'uoedl wi;tht '~he I buy i l r . .

Q...,,:A, pe,R; ,on bou;ht some' c lo th , a n d l 'h e ~ut l a n d !

.s .s 'wed itor dy'[ed it, o r {he bOlught some g :ra ,in (flour)land Ihe 'mixed :i t with fat l ( g h s l S ) I ) , then he ' was made,aw,ar le l o ' f a fau~it(lin the 'cloth lo r nour},whlich came ' f romt he [ S8n~lr.,What ls t 'he I f u U n r g ? ,

,Ans ,: He (buy,s'r) should deduct the v , a h . . l ' I B aftha f a u ~ t

The .B,elt[~ereannct take back his, ~good s l .. ,

,_ ''", . , . - ' "

Q.;.~: What lis the l r u l ! i l n g ' r , e~ga . r d ing that person who

buys a S,I ' :8ve and " "69S- it. o r it dies by , h l i m , then h 'e~(buyer) ~sm,ade ,aware o f a . fault · wh iic :h -w .a s, p re se nt j[n

the s~ave Whlil ist· lt be long led ' to the se IU le [ r?

,A lns: : Thai buyer should d~duct tihevalue of the f,auUand he cannot return lit, because ~ 't is not in a posltionno r 'wor thy o i~ being r , e t .u rned'.

Q...·:, If the buyer I k l i U s , a . s .la v 'e ' o r if the , s . o l i i d a,rUc~l ,e is

food and the, buyer consumes iit. Thereafte.r he is;m:ada aware of' a faul't which carn ie from the saU,er.Has the buyer olalrnover anything?

A,ns,: The buyer can deduct t he 'V allu e of 1 !h ,e f' a: ult . ', "." .,. I

Q~9: A pers , on s·eUsa, S,I '8VGJ, then th e bu y,e r - i f n , ,turn

r 'Bs:e l ls It. It is returned to the first buyer because-o~ a' f,au l' !. . [ IS it ,P,ermia>sib~efor him to r ! B , t u r , n it t ,o - hi e 'Q ' r ig l , lna l- , s e U , e r ? . . : - . ~ . . ~ . '~

... . , : : '

. . [ An 's ': ' I f th e, s8cond 8 1 e U e r (te.. f l i rst b u Y , 9 l r , ) ~~ep~m:'!II"'1~4becauel of a , ruUng given 'b y a. j ud :ge~ . t hen h~ l~ a-y ' ), ~.

. [



24 IBus,inl~&s,'M:a~eEIJ:s :y _ - 25 ·

, reg la l tde ld la s ~·,~,ega ' [ I~ l -t ; J ' m n d i n g i · j : · l ·t ,···p,asses o n in to'

" .th,e· buye'fs;j~ o'wnprshlp f,i!.e~tt)ie l i , lmpermJssibi l ,e

"1 · . ~ - ' ' C h a r , a c . f e t i s l iC ' . S . ran ! . remlQved) ~ So,metimes th eI ·:F'bq,aha de:s ig ln:ate the term F,aas,.id upon ,B,aat l t

(S'ee' Ba.hrur Alaai iq p ' . 8 : g : e 75, 'lots ..

'4. Suspende'd sal le ~tik'~ ,s,eUing the pr ' ope , r t y ' of

someone . e,~se. jlt w lm be reg,arded as, b e · : i n g lsuspended i n : its bec :oming I lsgaUy binding~ U the

. " 'owne r lag lrees t h e n , i t t , w m be vaUd , 'othe',rwilsie not

return il t to the olrigl i inal s a n e r " , Il f ,he accepts _ . i t : 'with~~t acou r t ' Irulling' then he' cannot return l i l t to t:he ongl lna ' i l

s , e U e , r .

Q~'1!0 :: A pe rson ;buys,a ·comlmocUty and the s,~I : l l le rsay 's,~ ! i l am not responsible ' folr B:nyf,au~t ( 1 , . . 9 .sOlid

~voetst !o lo · ts~) . Then the' buy,s r is m ,ad e. ,a wa re , o f a faul;t.

Can he r,e,turn it?' .

Ans: He cannot i in t h ii :s e a se return thre artlele because· ·o f th efla ul~ , e ve n Ih ,()u glh the· slsUer did no t ImentioLIi1I no r

sp,ec~I'yany Iiall the faUlfrts.

W'ARN',INO: Deceit. and concealment of fsults in

goods ot sale are HAF~:AAM. .

\

No , , 5 . 1 F 'A ,AS I ID (IMP I ER IF ECT ,),

BA.AT,IL (INV,ALI!D) .A,INDM.A.KIR, IO'OH ( IMPE,RMIS,S , : IB ,L . IE)

,S,AILE,S

E:XA,MIPILES, OF II,NIVALID

S .A .LE ,S A IN 'Q TH 'E l.A ·W SREG iAR .D 'IN 1G : I~ T

r "" • I i. ~ ,.

Q...:: Bdleft ly ' exp laJn ail, l e ; x a ' r h I P ~ l e ,of a n in v,a U d s ale ,

, . , Q I ..1! IExp11~in ' the , d l i i ffer,snt_ types o f 8 a,~ es ·w. i t h reQla t rd i 't o

·their be~ng V',aUdand ~l1v,ahd. . ' .

,AD:S: Seles are of four types,:~

1.. VaUdsalle .. li t is th,at. sa'I'8 which ls valid "~!lth,eShari:ah, both ' fr lo ,m l it e lnoeption end in i lt s,eU " l it : 1 1 5

Ile,g,aUy(ace. · t O I Shari,ah) correct and free froma : r i y plr'ohibU iions... " ' ., _ ._ .

2. I n v , a l , i ' d 'sal l :e - I t . is that sal~ ie .~~whl lch ' d l~e :a , no~'oon 'fo lr lm to the Shal1 i ,ah from th e ons,at lit is not

: 1 , e g a U y binding a t ,a l,~. . __ . " " ,_ 'L ••_ _ ,- __ c-.'

3 ~ ,Imperf'ectsalle, ..t Is _ tha , t : sa ll: . w lt -Bch . I ls_~~~r ,~c t, a cc ,o lr d in g t o theShal1i,ah from ns onsB it 1. hD~~·v , : ' r , .it has if,mpe·rmlissiilblle chalr8c·teri ist ics. I t w~ lll be ·

,

Ans : ' Il f qne 'o r both, t . h~_ ,lomimlodiUes' be· j ing t r .aded Inare Haraam ltsms, o r , , i N ; lis s~:c;han item.whi ,ch cannot

have owne'fship" then th~ sai l le w in "be inva,~iid,.

Q ' w , 2 : : : S~ow some moreexamples of ,~nva.l~dail,es~

A.ns,: 'The sale of som'ethti ln"QIw'hich is non..e:xistent ls

, _ . if nvaUd . ,A ,~s 'Q thE). 58,119 o f that 'which 'is not n a'Q ' ,a rd 'e d a s

!g,olods" ~ik!e'flow'lng blood" corpses and carcasses(except ,locust' 'and fish), a free ps ' r s ;Qn , f , oe t lUs o f'

eame t, o ffsp lfling :a f' a n . ~U i r . l: bo lrn came l , that an~:,mal1. sl '. au 'g h te r ed ' ,. .U ' n - ~ . B J r a l ~ , m : i c , a n y : Ur;1 ltalflned ,s,kiinl a t - = < E (

ca rcass , slaughterftl~,aHh",ah~,.m'ix~d > 'with lanl i 'Plais. w h ,ic h - d i 'e d n , a t ~ i , U Y : " \ , ,b~rn.an-h a i r ~ ,,pjg hai:r, humane xc rem en t ls 'tn lH n n a t u r , a l ' 8,tate); ' the sale o,t ' that 'wh i ,chls n l O l t i i ' : n Q n e s ~ : ' C P i ~ , tr .6 ( ' t~ ? d , p t "ijy. w~y' ~(a ~Sa,I,~ri :"~..

.~!.de-!!asha.-~~J~~~~,JP,~~gxp,ailrile~d:,ate~r~~,fils~~~wa~e[,~ .'bllrds In · t h ' e fur" n u U < Ir~ the udder ' , l pe ,a r l s , In 'tt~e ' oyst le r ,WOO'I o'A thEf ~ , f i l . ~ e p ~ : : ' ~ >i ·ne~' IPlg;';~slaves 'wilth · ' w , t 1 i c ' hf re l l 'meh are' :mfg ,ed and gra.s :·s ,stn l in th e · pa s llU re ,s~ .

~ • ~ • • '-".!- I - or 1- . I ~ • t • I _~'.~ __ • L _ ~ . , . . . 1 "__ ~

I ~



2 ,6 .

' Q ' , . ..3 :, I 'f ,8 p ie r son Ci:asts hils. fishing ne t" ., ~~d_ .says t. oanother that whatevv,e ,r IIcatch '(in t l hms net)thls, urne, WIU

be yours. for X a9.mount of money (i.e., price i s ,s tip 'u ), a te d )', ,, Wh a t le a th,e, rutls, re 'Qlard i ing i t lh : I I :S t ype , 1 0 l f

sale?

A:ns,: 'This, sale iis i ! nvand , because whatever he i~goingto net after the ?o~ract of sa~.isconclu~adi~not ii!nhis c o n tr ,b ' ~ n.IOlr lin hts possession a t th·e' t l ,mle ot

s,al le~

Q..4:, What i,s ,the la .vw Ire,gardin~g l i rnva ll ' ild s , 8 1 l e s ?

Ans::: The contract ,of:sale , is not conclluded,~ and tnabuyer does no,t bec :Qme t~he, Qwns " of t he , g , o , o d s ; , even

if h e ta ik e s it in his, P ' O S S i & ' s , ~ , i ' o n . ,

EXAMPLES OF IMPERFECTS'ALE,S AIND T'HE LAW

, : IR EGA IR D ' IN 'G , I 'T

IQ-1: : EXH l a ii n s ome exs,mlPli,es o f impe'rfe·ct sa l e s .} f'

.A,nll: Thesa~~ 0 " dates on a" triB'B in exchange · l, o, r -

dr ,~ed pi,c~ed,dales measu r ed !by e:st i lm~t:~o~,.~!h~_ ' lsa l~ le' o , 1 r l tems, w h e f " i e lbll'y:err c ho o,se s by ' t ouoh lng l lit w,l l ,hlo,ut

.. , :see ,iing iit I O ~ , e : . iln the . dal1k). ~he;s,al,e, o t . c_ l !o th .whe'~e

e a c ! l 1 r , pa r t y flingls ' the' 'cl,o,th re ' th,e' other and! '~_h~eatt:er IS

u n a w a f i 9o,f ex&'ct,1Iy what he Ih las puroh,Bsed. , Th e ~alile

01g~s by taKing_as baughl whatever one thr~s astOIn$; Iupon [NCJTIE : 'TheSiS ~w'e'ng, , s a l l i e s , .~rac: t l :s 'ed

u99" ' , : 0 : 1 1 ~P'"day s o f ' ignora:n,ce. Th,BY a re_ ~lls?ln 'Vogu~n ow ad ay ':s ' a t H e:u aQ lm tun-tares ,etc,... A t s ' o , _ the sa le o ,f

. , a . : ~ \ l f e g : n , ' n t slav',e-'gii.rl' O ' l r , a n t r ' m a l whe,re· nllS S9n : e~

1.~:.~t~Ud'~6"t1~r-U~I~orn Iblabe 'f:r'~~ ~~:~_sa~'B.,.Tlhe~,~Ie ~'f ', .o '~ .Pli,,~'ce.91fc~C)th f l~ lo,m a, .w~,~h~~~_r~ece~th!l~_~plP.h:es 10 'thal eu tYDg~wh i i coh 1 9 1 1 1 1 1harm fh e Who ,l, & ib lg 'p le ce aQ i l

• - - -L ; • - - • ~ ~ w " -' ..

'.

27

. not to that ,cuttingl from a, [ " 0 1 1 1 a 8 is s ro l: d i n matetrfial

shO,ps)..The' sale ,of abeam fr,om a ceUi ing (if thii 's 'w'iU

,b'e harmful to the ,celiUng, oitherwise If n lis aold 'forexample from a demloUshed house, then there wlilU be ,,~Olharm). Thesale otone pitece o t e :1,o th frioml a set o lf' " " " · , 0 : - "W·_-.·.

Q...2 , : . I I ~_a s ale w he re ,i,n th,er'e a re ,c 'o n d~ tio n s· pl lacadF , a a s u : ? J ! ? '

'Ana: Yes. A sa~e w'in be,' F,a,a,s~:d'wlith any oondU ion

wihilch ls not necessiltat!ed tJy th',e~ride~ lo r wil l not mendI pelrfs'ct: the sale, or such that ,; t is bens,f ' l ic iaI to on~y'~n!e o,f the pa:rti"e,9:.or the co,ndiUon w in deprive thenghtful,P,a.rty to h i , s , ri'Q'ht, or lit does not oonf,orm to the

"Q,enera~lty aocepted practice, ,0·" the Shsti'ah has no t,a~ll,o'w'edsu ch a cond itiio n ., -- - -

Q-3,: ' Menti,on some of th,os,s ,co'Jn:ditions which r w i fU

re n d s r a ,sa,fe F aas i,d l? '

.Ana:: ! ; Q s en a sla:ve' on the condflt,ion that the b u ye rfree" It or that the B l e l U e r uses it to r a month after 'th:e~aile. To , se lilia hOU .S ' BWhe,Jr t l3 the s,ell~er 'wU I s ta y 'u lIB ,re irn :for 18st.ipula.ted IP'Qir iod o fi tlime , (sh,er the sal le). , To se ll .so'm~ething on condtt iio'n that the 's,eller w ' i U ' lonlJy'hand ' it;Olver at the beg:iinning of the ,mionih (after thesale) or

't~al the lbuy,e!r'must .giiJve 'the s,eUer ,8 loan: ,aUe, r ' thesalis" o r 'that th e buye;r g i jv,e , the , seU 'e, r a g if t, . . A , I: I. tt le se

ty ,p 8s o,f c on dJtio ns rs 'n de r a saJe' F ac ;ils id ,. . . ,_ . .

Q-4::.. What about ' a person 'who buys elotl1 onl'~On~,i!~onthla,t~h,e'sB,II,elr 'cuts, it and sew,I,a.~garment?,[NJO'T,E: This 'do l~S; no't appl ly ' to .a t a r~O l rwh o cha,r. 'gesror bothths' ,c loth and tt l l9 ' sewing] :,'. - .'

A , n f s : : T lh ii s i is Fasrsid.

Q~15 ·~ ;Wlha , t is · t he ruJe l , r egard ing t h e , -oont r ,8c f ' b e t w e e , n l,two Ipersons,WheJ8, the buy,er ag l rees, to , ~g"velhe'



,

B u : s l i n . e s , s ,M.d,e E:s!sy d ,- ~28, .' .

" . ~ " " " m O l r , i e y ' , ) ' n ' 'pre'dill and o p,ts ' to as p . a y -onfhe · n r ~ ~ ~d l a y - , o , f

5fUmm"elr olrw~ntelo:r on th'E~fld-ay·Gf this ChrJs t ians , fast:~ 1- . ~ - ~

o r th "e ·'J ie w·s fa ts e nch ng ? _ . ,.. .. ~ -. .

Ans,: This; i" s '8 IF a a,s ~ d: s , a l i e as the thnef'Of paY lmen t 'isnat lexJEu::,t~yknown, 1[~ 'OIT'E: ~f the _exact ,di:atie I()f,t,h~J

stlp,u~ateddau Is,known then 'the ',$,ah$l wHlllb!8vaUdl~J 'I )~ • • I

I ~ ~ _

Q-6:' w'~n~hasa,l,e be v,aJiidIf the date of "p,~YII l ' !~·'rJ l t.~srni,ads'to be day' ot harves,tingof crops I Q , r Jthl,e 'pick:ing. o f g r a lP :e s or th 'G re turn o· f th e H-lLIljjaaJ? ..

- \

.Ans: N:o . ·T~hlls is a F a "a s.id sale as t _~e , exac t dates a re. .' - , 1

not known'. "',- •• ." I

QI;1: Jf ~tbefcontraoting pa.rt.~,es~gr~~~. :0[11 ,~,ny,ofth~above~but' prior to t.he due datet.hey both I C O ' r ' l Is , ' B , n t e d

to cancel · 1 h ii : s . · ,odndi,tlion"W~~jlth,ec~sale- now" · tJ · e c1o l :me, '

valid?"

,I ,

']

, , . ,

f,

Ans:, ..Ve ' 8 .

Q ~8 : II ·s the,

p r re y v :a .' 1 : i id ?

" A ns :: ' Yes,

I ~

, ",

I', I

Q , · , '9 : : : What: a b~ :U l t' th e s .a J e ' o f su~:worlm-sand bee5 l? ',! '" "_ I - - r - - . _ - - -R _ I t i

A.n$ : : · ,Thel s ;a le o f ' s m < , W ' ( : ) I ' r m i S ils IPle lJ1rnissib l~e.e le,s canon l i y : be soldwith the -beeh ~v,e,. :'... ' -~1" • - .~

Q~ '1D: , 'Wha t . ~sth~ I I ,aw r e , g a : r d i n I Q a , ' - I R a a l ; . , i , ( j " S r a r e : ? ~I'.

An.s: .If-this ,two bont,ractir lQ' IPs,rt.i;e~ contract ,a IF~,~$,fd' _,"sale', "B ind thS're··are t~o a,rt~clle~'of ' f 1 x r i ~ - a t h g ' e ' , a na ' .- -~: -- .~eachl I C f 1 e ~ is - n 3 " g a 'rded ,as? le,g it l imate cG~ ,m rid~ tY '- 'an ld .Ule' buyerlak'6)s 'poss'~~siO'I~"ort:neBio ta l~arrtic1le,wUlh 'the. ',oens'efnt'of the sieller, t:tu~n tl,€\! 'o iuyer wiilU!lo 'wnthe' l ib9m

, a n l ! ~ 'th e e~chang'e ,(priice]wlill~ - ! b ! e bi~din,g,·~·l~pon'. ;dm.- ·.Hawevet,' f~ - ls nece:3,s ,arY upon~ljt(,)th ' 1 h e : ~ \ ' r : t a r l ' f 3 i $ " tocancet t i 1 ' i r s s~de, ,a a ir t is F aas ijd :, ~ .,. ' '1 .,- ,. r,.•!:t·t.:-

. '- .. " " , . -

BU5,ine'ss; ,M ·a lds 'E,asV' . 28 '

[ ,~t :.is necessary for b C t t h :.p:~rtitaSto ~' can .c le l , t h ; e ' iSI~le.b e f : , o ' r e ' ta,k ing l · poss~e's:sf iQ.n " : ' o · ' f · this goods oira.fte'lr~ asl long a s 't h e S ;Q~da rt ie : I~ " f$ , ·;tn'~intaot -i n the, hands; ,o -ft h:e .

buy'er, due~ to thiis sale ~!e~ng Faasid, T he 'y ' h a,vesifnned .and th h s. sin must be removed], -

Q...11:, AUhough lt was neq:e,$,sa.ry ' fo~thecol 'nnt ract ing l

partiesto oancel the sale, . : hQweve r they did not do , S'O'and 'thlsbuye,r w:e 'n t on' ,arid sold the ,ar1~ tClle. 'wm t h~s ,~eH9,o~ndl'$alee r 1 e g ; a r E i ' e d i as v,aUd?

A : n : s , : ' Yes,

Q..12:' The .buy1er solid ,B,n artlcls wh~ch he bought In aFaasid sa~eand he acqulredtherefrom prof:j:tWhat ,isthe JI:a;'wSlg ,audi ing th is p ro~~ t1 '

A .: Th is p r-o flt ls n ot ,p ur .e 'fO':rtlim,he s ho u~ d ,g :l!v \e~t I I , nch:~r~ty.[The f ' l l i r s t : seller im,ay use his; prD~~tf.romthe

·F"~Ia.,$ldl s~. ! I ,e : : !not ~o th 'e bu ye r j~ f he ra's,e:~ls~t.Thefo.r:mier doe's" nethave to: g~lveIt ~h .ch"a.nity~ wh;[lst theI ,a.tt~r. 'bas to , . '~Bahn.u·iA~~1 '~" iq ' ] I. " -

- I ~~

, ' ., "MI ,S,C:E'L,'L,t\tN:EOi],8, MrASAA"IL

IJ-~ - . - - -- --_ =" . li; ."_ "_"'_:~ ." ' L ,',_ , ,- _ :'- " i

. j _ ~ • ~ • - 1 '1 ~ I

Q''' '~!~ 'What is, th'e law r e ' l 8 t f J J M g : at j i lQns; I(when~pri.c!ats ./Jtncha:(.lsJnQ f? ' · ' , ,I "

. . _ • I ~ I ~" i ~

Ans,: :1 There ls no harm i:fll Uliis bEM~ah ,sQ l :N :a b 1 ( _ ) . • . . •_. __ __ _ _ I . _ ' ~~I I ... '

sold a bowl and a aadd~,e'blanket in this w . a y · . . I ".~

Q~2': ls lit necessary fo r the sleJhe- r in an aucUdh to s ' e , I U

b'Jl the last offered price?

Alns l~ 'N'o,~t is not binding upon hlrn 't o ' accept this. H iehas a choice, He.eannot be torced to accept anything.,

'Ql~,~ ls It necessary for ttre ', A,;h le ,~ Zimlml~ (thos,s

,Ku f faa : r - UVi:ng ~n e . Mus. iUmlcoun t r y ) to I Q b i : .d e to l s l l , a a um i j , e

laws ottrade, linso far as It be'iihl'g Faasid or vaJi id etc,f or t tl 9' ,m?



'.'r

B,uslness M'ad!e E.as,y 30

,An,s:: 'TheywUI betre',ated in ~Ia,ws of trade as , theMusUmleen are, 9' :X:OO:pt fo,r piig and .wine.. The, i rdeaUngs in whl'e wU11be ~ ik .,ea Musli 'ml deaU.ng in jUl ic 18an d the lk ds' ,a .Ung ls in p ' i : g wilU be l l i ike a iMusti im'S dea~ing

iin she,e 'p .. .

AUaJah Taala sa .ys;r~c O h y 'ou wh o beU ~ve \t when youare callIed t O I S·allaat on the day of ,Jum'~ua, hasten to

the re·me,mbr·ance ot AUa,ah Ta."ala land I ,eave 'Yourtr,ade~'~

This, sale 8 ' . ' l I a 3 Icul t 'ed from the' t i m e ot the azaan otJ IU lm" ua (before Kh~tbah) UlptO I the end of the Salaar ls

prohiilJ'ited",

NI,abi (~) prohibited the ' sale of goods 'whe,re the'price is ar t : i f j icE,aUy i infl lated (eg., lIn an auction whensome psople bld wi;thout: 'the intenUono" buyinQ,Jthereby' JencIQUlrag l lng : ' ,B hi 'ghe!rprice). Hie aI5'0, prohibited from barglai i .ning fe1r~t~lat,BrUcle whtch someone else had allready ba rg alln ed fo rand ,agntsd upon (ahBo like proposlnq for a gilr~ where'someone else had already propossd and lis, ,aw,aiit~ng

an answer), Hie, atso prohlibi'tedflrom m;'B,st ing. .tha,caravan be1f:lore iii reached the city (thi.sappUas to t~eold days whs're a tnad~nglcaravan was met , Q u t s i r d e . . . : t h e - -

ci, ty and the eint:~re,contents bOUlgn t~ whe'r :e a f1 1e r~he'go'ods, are resold at a ih f'g he r 'p riic e). H e' also plr'ohiibitedth e ,s le mn g o ,t th e g looss o f a viU ~1:g erby a c ity ..dweU,le: l r .

B,EN:EFI'CIA.L NOTIEc The pe' r fe .ct ion and msrcy oifI,siaamlic laws can be seen in t he fo U ow iin rg ' mas' ala,

J" one owns ,two small 8 . 1 , a . . ' \ I " 9 . s wlho are related to, one ,another, it wUI not be' p'elrm:is,s; l ib~e to sell themseparately to different. people, I'· lone ot thern is big l

Busi lness IM 'ade E:asy

and the othle lr is s ,ti U s :m ,a ll, llt hs :n i i , t wnlll be M a.k r,o oh toseparate theml, how,sve'lr the s,alle,wUIIbe 'Vaho. ~ 'f botho lf them are big then there is ; n o h,arm ~ns,epsr ,at ingthem,

IN!o 6. CAN"CIELILATIIION 'OF A

,SALE

Qoo:11'What ir s Igaellfa ( , c a n , C B , U a t ' i , o n o f : a . s a le ), ?' What isthe Shaf,i: la.w r , s g s ; r d : i " n I Q ' it?

,Ans:: ICancalU 'aUon ts to rssclnd a contract al : rea.dyco,nc~uded betwe!en a, buys'lr Bind sener. This is,plermissiib~e:, li f both parties a re consenting and theodglina~ p ' r l ' c 1 e ,is r le,tu'rned.

Q..,2::What i~fone of th e parties agrle,e l$: to r ,es:cf ind thecon t r ac t on, condition t lhta~'the" price returned ir s rnorsth an o r I,e ,ss ,than th e original pttc1e'?

Ans,: 'This ,condlt:i,o.n is! i nv a. n d . . O'nly the, origiinaJI price

is to, be rs'turnedi.

Q...3 :: ls a c,ance~llatlon", an ,a.nnul tnent oi th e IQlr i:g linalcontract or a ne'w contract ,a.~together?

,Ans: lt ~san annulment as far as th~ oont ra,ct ' ing lpartles'are cOlnclerned~and ,8 ne;w contract las, far as ,8.'third person who may be i invoived. . [An examp le of:thits:wou~d be i in t h e, 'ono'wiingl 'wher,s, a person who Ihad

IS right to purchase property (probably by Ib~ing' ane'l ighbou,l i) ,and he w',ai 've h i l S , riight to, someone e ls e ..This person buy's the property and the' rs 'aUe' r the saleis, · c an c eU ,e d . N ,o 'w the fins! [person can reclaim hiis r l i :glht :to purchase, as it ,wUIIbe la , new contract between himand the'.,o,'wlner,.]

Q-4:What ts the Ila.wof c'anceUatilon i: f the plri i:cepai'd orthe~artliic,~,eSO ' I ' d l s de ,s; tr o iY 'sd? '



32

Ana: The destruction of the price paid wiU not preventthe .:va~jdily.ot caneenation, however ' the de'structi'on oft he~ ' -a r ti cha ' - so ld, 'wU I! .

'Q...5: What if only' some part o,fths' a,rtiic~esold is;destroyed?'

A'ns: 'CanceUlatjon of part of artUc:l,e,sold Is Iperml~,ssiibhi,.B,ENE,FI!T': Uone of the contracting parties ls

d ·sp l, e .a s , ed w i th thesale and he requests the' other tocancel the aaie, i't ls Mus,tahab 'f'or the latter to do SO'~

and 'In this, t h , e ' ! r e ! is gl re,a t reward,

·~O'7 . TO S :E LL ,A ,T A IP,R 'O FliT ' 'O RA - T - ' c a -" S - " T ' P-R' IC"E-I'.: .•~·.~I 1_ - - ~I ._ '

Q-1: What ts the, expllanationac,c,ording to the Fuqahaof Miurabaha (s,a, IUng at a profU) and T,awHa l (se l lUng at' C , O ' s , . t - ~ ) , ?

' _- ' _ ' - . , ~ ' :: ! !II

A,ns,:' Mlurabaha Is to transter ,ownership .b y seUi ing'that which one nad acqutred t h l r ' O ' i U g h a, contract 1 0 " ,

sale' for a higihe,t price than one had aequlred jt fotr,.

Tawl la ls to tra ns fe r 'Oiwne"rship by' s,e, I IUn 'g that , whichone had aequlred through a contract ot sale for thesame prlce that 'One had acquired it for (Lei. the costpr,ice) ..

,Q . . .2:, Are! there any ,co ind iU,ons ,a t ta ,ohed to thei V',and~ly'

ot IM lu raba ,ha andTawlia?

Ana: ,Murabaha and 'TawUa, are not valid untU th e

~good,sof B!Kchang!e there io f : is from ' 6 i , m l o , n g s t thoseth l , in 'gs, w,hich a,re repiaceable, e'g. a w',eig 'he d ! ormeasured ccmmodlty.

,Q .. ,3 : : A man buy s , ,5 10m '9cloth 'fo r e xa rn p la e nd helabo'urs ,ovler, m t : " Ii .e,.he w'8she ' s it and , re !moves di,rt

.. "

,Busliness M,ad,e EasY33

!~,ml _~t~.~~r .~e. dyeis it, or he ,s'mbroidelrs J r t , therebyIlncrea,slng I't In va ~u e,., Or h ,B ' purehasas food and~arrbe.s , it to , h i l S house, or hr e p ,aye ,someone to deliverl i t " or hs'spin'ssUlk I n to , th e edge- o;f a cl'o'~h lei te,. ,H,oiw, is ,one tO I charge 18 prof'it in any 0 " t h e' se jn s t. a nc e :s '?

An,s: MUirabaha, ls permirssible in these' cases.Hc:w:eV'er" when cha,rgingsolmeo,ne else for ,~t j one

~.~'st not ,say :' , r ~ lboug 'h t i; t forso much', he must s :a y ' , :''lit has Illanded me-so much.' .

~N'OT,E:: . .~o~:ad~ys bus iness pe,cpJle tend to ,s a:y 'Thisus ' I r T l ~ ;,~astpn~,~'! ' w~e ,r e 'l a s t h e fa Is some profit ther:eJn.a,~bei~t 11~ ttleU ~~ S 's IHa , ra ,am . .1

Q -4: A , person s eU 's h i.s wa"9S 'or 'a IPlr'o,fit and ' theb~u~¥erss~m,es the, a , B ! U e ' r to be hon,es, t in what he~~a'~~le'd", then . the buy,e 'r ls mads aware of the

dIshonesty of: the seller (te. hes ,oh :J .mtformlore thanwhar he c la imled), . What ts the ruU ng ihe r,e '? ----

~Ins: u : _~n ,Murabaha a buyer is made ,aW'8ni' o f

~ . :sh~o.nes ! : y "then he, has a cho i ' 09 ' 1' 0 take the an t ' i ' c : i , e ' forthe ' f l U l U plnce or to le,ave it

~" '~ ,: . ._~ha~ if I~,e ' (buY'Q,r) is made ~awar~eo,f dishone'sty·In -r ,aJwha (ta. th,e' s , e ~ h a ' , r c f a l i , m s cost: p , r i c 1 e ' " wherea ,s , not 'so~? --

~~,S:I The buye',r Ima . : Y r .educe the exoes :s from th ePl r - I ' C · ' le ~- .." . -_"'11

,"y i ,

Q , .1 6 : . lis there ,8 di'ffersnce in o',P'inion betw'ee'niS',aah,lbain reg ,s . rd ing l ' thi :s m,as"a~a . '? . ".-

A,n,si: yes ..Accor~'~n~gto lrnaam Yusut ( l i£J~) the

~ILJ,¥er m_~y re du ce - the p ir1 ice, ! r e. ~ y ,i ng ! U p O ' t 1 J t 'w ha .t th e,s~ene'~l al lm , e d _ . .. th is; applles to both Murabaha and

Taw~ll,a..:There _~sno ,cho,ice of invaJidaUng the c,ontra.ct :.,Aclcolrdlng to flm '8,am Muhamm,ad(tll~). the , pr~c ,e

I



BUls.ness M,ade IE,asy' .!'!cannot be' red u lo ed , iin e'ithercase; however he has achoic'B in bo'th cases (,sither to accept the agreedpr io la·a, r to return the ,goodS}.

MIS'CEL,LANEOIUS M,AS'AAIL

Q...1:: 'Can ,8 person sei l l sOlmethinl 'g 'wh~~h he hasib o,u g ht b ut has i n ot )f 'e ,t ,ta,k 'en possession lo f?

Ana: ~"the i t ,elm: is moveabl,e' property" then i i t s , sal~ iisnot psrmli,s'sib' l le untiill one" has taken [poS~Se'~~11~nth ~ , : - , " r - c e - : , o - ' H , o ' w ' e , , v - , s 'r -, ln ~ I ' - m :n oiv"~lbi l le 'p ~ r , o l p - , e ' l r t y , B ' ( l ' . , ~ , a n d " It , s. :~I I -~ - I I I - . . . . - . ' , . III.. ...· "_Q. _ -. - . : ,~ , _

sale ,b'~ 'fore.- t a k i n g p os se ssla n th e'li"e o,' _ i,s perrnlsslbls,aocordlng to S:~a_hi!ba.:i jn. not SO l a,ccoir 'dl lng 'to lrnaarnAbu iHa ,n i :f a (~~) ,.

Q~2: tsit, neces:sary for the buyer to re-weiigh; or re...msasu rs goods atter purchase?

Ans': Ilf the it,eml is, such tha:t it i: s sold _ b y 'w,sight '~'rmeasure, 'then it iis Haraam to sa! or s e l l l ' l , . s U l c h goodsuntil it is, Ire-w,e,ighed or re...measured, [NO~E: _Thebuyer must re~weighor re-measure ctheit~m of s a !e . atthe tima 'of sale. Tih,e se lUe r carmot wellgh the l i tembe~forle or after the sale in tha absence 0 " ~he't;)~'Yer-.,tlis pr,efe,rnedif the s,eUerweig,hs _~,heIta,!! ,In tbepre ' , l lence 0 , ' the buy'ar,. [He 'nce~ _'whe n _ ~u~~~g Ipr'~'~pack:ed w'e ighed l i talms:, one must i ? 'B ' ,aw,a~e t~ ia,~_~I~ I~

no t buyin!g the' ,81rticlle ibyweil 'g lht:; ralih,sr ~e'-cISP~YII~gl_ lo ~

th e pack l p a rc e l; s ',g . , 'W h e n 1 ~la y ll~ 'lg R ~ ~. ,OOf' or ~ _ ,_ 1 1,,~ ~1P',ac lkof :sugiar~ ylou are no t buy'~ng1 k ,Q ~f sugla.r: ratheryou are buyiing that size p s ; c 1 k for iR3.'OO.]

'Q . . .3: ti t a person S I BUS , an it:em;, but !~(as.nO~,t~!~~npcssesslon o~the p ' Y l i: c e ' . W i I U li~ be, ,per~ii~s}lbll'efo~,,~llmlto' dea,1 in that money (not yet : r~ ce llv ed ) b e,lo lr eactualilly tak:~ng pihysicallpossesisii lo,n of I t?'Ans , : Yes,

,BU IS . ' l n_ ss Mad e IE;a:s'y" 3 : 5 ;

~-4: Afte l~ ' the ,o o,m ple tj9 :n 0 " ,8 sal l 'e, is it permi',Ssibteto'I 'ncr;e ',as,~ in the i te 'm so~d (ls'.. addl on to the a,g l reed' qua ,n lt 'l ly ) o r to ,increas's ln the, ,exchang,e (i'.e. pa,y -more' than the' Q :g r eed p n i ' , c , e ) ?

A, I1S; : !t J,sp,ormissibl'e for th e , bU:ys 'r to ~gi:v,emore

, m o n 1 e ' y to the! ,s :eUer" or for the seU 'e r to~ncrea.s,e il n th equanti'ty ,0" the ,item so,ld to the buye r ., - .

Q...5: What il f the ,seUer reduces the' a : g r eed price?

An.s: This is also permi8sib~,e.

IQ-a:: If th~' buyer i :n o r e a s ; s ' ,s , i f n the' prk~'aorthe sellerincir

,s ,8 se s in the, g'oods,~o 'r he reduces the price,. Do , a i l

these chsJnge's ,aJso d e , s ; e : l ! V e ' the rightcS, and dues ofthe " a , c t ' l U I s . 1 , s 8 1 1 ,

e ' (ag,. r r goods are re turnedl becaus·e 'ofa faul l t~~ then ar~' the chang,see: in pri:c,e or gloods alsot~ker-'llnto IClolnlsi 'der.a.tfon when g,rv ing ' back each ones :,dues)?

A,ns::. Yes, aU .changies also hold r,ights and ar,e'ons l ld ler-ed .

~"'7:' Whafi,s the I law reg ,a ,rd l , ing ' the cash salis in ~hich'U,'e. pa,yment j 's,thslr,e1aft,e'r defe!rred to a s p : e , c : i ' f i ' cper.od? ,

,AJns: lit w m beeoms ,8 credit' sale , due to the deiay .npayme'nt -

No 8. INTEREST (RIBA)

Q,...1,:What lis the ,~,e:xiicog'.ra.llhilcand Shar'~i definiUon 0 , 'Rlba?' " '" '-.

~:ns: '!hele',xi~'o,graphj'c (djct,io,~ary') me,a\n~ng' of IRibaIS; ~ g ls 11e ra l m c re a ss . , Ac ciQ ,r d lng l t o , the Shat' Ii i' t fS,cfa.ss,rf.red.linto, tWIOItypes: -



8 , 1 " , ' , ' 1 '- : - 'e ' s 8 ' - M a ' d "e '" m : a "s " ' y' IJUS,[". " I" 1 10 ;, " ,, -: - '.

1~lmerest :ins,ale 2. Ilnterest in loan,

Both o f : t h e s e are, H i , a l r , a a m . M 'any severe wlarnings andadmontshes have been rep:o,rt[edin the , I Q u f aan

Shslieef and Ahadiith for the Qliiver and taker the,r,eof.

Q...2: Wha t : lis i n t e res t . in ~o ,an? '

A ,n s,: I t is to tcan money to a , person and IP!iace a ,condit:io,n upon the c red i t o r ' :h IS , t he r e p a : y s ,Q , ce'rtli!,inamount mora than what W,BS,oanled~

Q-3: What is R i ba , : ~nsale? .

,Ana,:: It ii,s to I rs ;de 'in a, wei ' g t Jed or measured,c om lm lo dity o t th e s ,a m ls t,Y IP IS ''w U h s urp hJ rs . O r to tra de

l inweigihed or measured lterns w he th le r 0 ,. s am e tY!PlS ', a l i i' d i : fi e l 'i en t 11 Io n c re d lt, .

'Q. . .4: Is this, reportsd by Ra:sulu,Uaih (~)'?'

,AJns: , I H adh r a t A bu S a!e ,e d Khudlr,m (~~4:d1) re po rts thatR a ,s .u IIU lU a ah (,~ ) s aid :, •.Trade in ,g o~ d fo r g old ~, sUv - e rfb r s i i lver , 'whs ' ,a t f 'o ,r wheat 'I ' b 'a r il e' y for·iba.rl l ,sy.•dates f O l r

dates and saJlt for salt jn e l qua~ quanflnas and hand tohand (cash), Thus whoever lnereasee or se'8 , k s ;' j inc're' ,as,e i

" indeed he ls guilty of A,iba,. Bo, 'h 'the giverand th e' ta ke r a re ' e qu al! O n s in)~ i j ,

IHladhlrat Uba,da bin S aa lm it (~ ~) reported thatI Rasu l uUaah ,(iJii:) s,aid ::'iTrade In gold f o r go l d . , . . .. ., ., ., Ineqrual 'quantities, ,of the same kind, hand to hand . ~ I ' f

'you t r ade in ~ifferlent types, them t i rade a s ; - y ou 'W~,S,hi(te., wha; t ' e ' ve r quant i t i ies on either s id a ), bu t it [mus t: stm b e hand to hand (cash).'t

Rasullullaah (~), Imentloned these slx commeditiesand ordered that I:he,se th ingls shou l ld no t be, tr,aded inamo nq s t t hem s 'e ,ll, ve s for 'the same type ." excep t : thatthe'y are traded i inl eq uat quant~ t ji ,[e ,s and hand 1:0 'hand _(cash)[,. IH e (_ ~ ), exp: I, a. ii ned th , at w 'hoe ,ve r increase's ~n

,

-

B u s. iln e s:s ,M a d e Easy 37'

~~ Ian f ; r y~ , ~he!he'r thegiye,r or ' t a , k i e r " , ,indeed h e ha;l ~d~ l l ged ,Ins'in~ . IHe (~) ms'nti,oned that both the,[c:~ntl ' (acti lng p a rtiie s (in a , R i ib s. tr an sa .c tio n ) 8 .Ir ;ee q ua l , in,S~ ln~

I H lo w e ve r" 't he sa,le o f: those types, ,o f c'o,m[modlti. i! ,s, a re

P~I~itt~d, ,i f t r ,adE!d i n . . di;ffe~ent t ype , s I( i..e.,a,mongst'[~ \ach_lo t~e,r) I ,_wh~e: ther ,It ~e I~n,e 'qua l ' quantities, or inexcess, Din condition that Ii··s cash ..

l 'm'Elcam ,.~~IU IH 'an j ; fah (I~~) has u'sed Ihese s lxc~ '~".110~! tJ le 'Sas ,8 de,rr!vative f io r t he S:hsti' I law t ha , t thecontnbutlv,s' f ,a 'c lo l r to IRiiba Ir s 'weilg'ht or measure i:n the

~,a;m~ typ~, ,Of, comlmlod~ t y ' (i.e. ,any W8:fghed o r~nea~~~edI'leimof same tYPIS must be traded~in equal lquantities and cash), .

A~ C~~o.dities!_fJitl1er weighed or measured, jf they

an~~r,~~e,~.I[,~.,

~,~~ght.or mle,asu re tor the, sams type.:~.y~nlrf . , . t ,IS~n~t,.,ro~ th,s_six menUoned in 'the Hadlth,I n eq l ua ,1 quan t lt l1 e s " Ih,en the sa le jis ,valijd.,

! ! ~ny on~o!the parnss increases in the quantity thenlIt IS ~~t vahd . if ~ he 'c ,o lmmo ,d lj t' ie i s . 'r a d, e d i n; - d it fs ', r lin~YP~~", hl a n e ~ c e ,s s I on e ith ls r s jlc ll'e 'lis vand, but c'r[sdit is~ ,a ra~m l: W ~len the g l ood s dIffer :iin quali itativ-e'descnpt'l~n .~ ..

le,. the' t ype .s differ and Is i,the-r !of ' tholm l areno t s O I I ~ d J',nwB 'iig h t o r m[G I8sure

J,ths.n excess andc- r ed i l t

a l re b o , t h p e , r 1 m : .s s i b r l r e ' ~ - .

[I '.~nthe g[oods be·ing traded ~n, bot,hi are ct the samst)lP~,~nd. bocth a'~,e''wei,ghlisd air' measured l i tems then,ex~s~ _and !lredlt a re H ,a ra am .. I I ' : the ty!piB di'ff'ers or,the m::ansC?,f ' 9!uant~fy ' ing' d i f f ' e c f '( leg., D ina kg l 'wheat for '~o' .kg ba,rley), then excess is, vaUd and credit lsIHar:aam,.

_~~5,:'.11~ '~x l ces ; s~ laUd l ln th~ sal liS ' 0 , ; g O Q d q ua U ty whea,tand I n f , e ' , n o , r ' qual l f t y whe',at?





40

Q...,3: I s , t he sale 'o f the mUk ,o'f a , camel, c ow : and g ,oa tvaUd if ' one Is IB"xcha!ngedi for the oiher in e!~oess,?

A , n , s , : Yes,.

Q..., , 4 : : 1 :8 t h ' e ,s,ellie o 'f da;,te y' inega,r ' forg!rape vi.ns'garvaUd iin exces,s ,?

Ans:: Yes ..'Q - 1 ,5 : W h a t: about Ch , e 'sa le Q f wheat breadfo r wheator 'wheat nour iin ex,ce:ss i?

,A ns,: U i , s , v a U i d , .

Q...S': A Mus1l im iln a , Daa.rul IHairb ' ( i .e~ n,on,-IMusUlmcountry at log lgs lrheads w ith M u sU 'm countries,), ·trradedin ,8 sa le , 0" Rlba with a non...Muslim. 'Wha t is the l aw 'l re ,go l rd ing ~h i,s,sa le?'

,Anls : , ThorrlB ls no , R Jba be tWeen a Mus l!iml ,a n d Kaaf i ; r '

~n a D ,aa: ru , II '~H I ,a lrb(NOT 'E ': 'C ,o n ,s u,1 1 wU h U l am a ...s . . .H,aqq r eg ,a r ,d ing ,a n

accurate def,iinition of Daa.ru~H,arb).

I N I , o 9'• E,XCH,ANIGE, O'F'C 'UIR 'RE,N:CI IES, (B ,Ar~U S , SA~F : ) I

'Q ' ·1 7 : Wh a 't i i S : B ,a r u s S , B , r f ?

,Ana: AClcord i~ngl to the Fuq laha~J ~Barus San is when

each of the eo,ntra,cting p 1 a r t i , e s , a re tlr ad lin g with a typeo f : c u r ir e n c y ' t ,e '. . g lo ~do r s il ve r ,

Q...18,': Wha , t iis th e ~a,w t '1elgalrd~ng ' the ' ,sale , o f s ii h/ ls r fo rsilver or go'~dt:orgo,ld?

..,Ans i : , This is notvalid 8XiCiSpt _in equ IU quanl tn i~els andcash, as has been ex ,p la lned in 'the previous c h a ,p t 'B , r '. ,. ~

, "

. BU8 i l , ne ss Made,Easy 41

~~ ' 1~9_ :W~in ., ' tr ,adel, fn 'ex:ces;s , b e tw ,e e n Q , o ld 'w ith g ,o ld o r'sdver for si lver be valUd1'1hey dj f f ;er in quaU t y ormlnt?

Alns : , 'Thiis_ls not ya,llid because per fect i ' ,onl in~~,C~~II~enceJf ~Io"j! 'n~and . !m~ ln t in g l o f coin are qualUatlved.fferences whl,clh are no t oonsi ider,ed i:n Bai i ' "us Sart ' .

Q~20',:,What about the sale of go,ld for , s , i I ' v e ror vlee-'v 'e rsa? --

An,~': ~fthe types ()if cu~rencjes; vary thenexo9!sS is,

vabd, but pcssesslon i:s necessary at the ti'm,s' andp , i [ a c l s ' ot traneacnon,

Q~21:: What if th e !oontr,alctinlg pa,rt i ,e,s. "~n a Sa l n,s:epa,~~te:pr!or to , either of them or o ne o f m em la ,k lin g lp ,osseLss l'on? .

,Alns: The nansaenon ~sinva.Hd~

Q" ' , 22 , : 1 :8 tra d iin g ~ :n , c u , r r : e n c i e ; s prior to ta k iin gpOISS!9SS, io , r l th ere of va U d?

Ana: Ni 'Q I

'Cl""~3;:: '~h~t i J .B persen trades in gold tor si~vle'r byeS lllmat~on1 .

Anrs :: Thi_s . ts v,a nd l o ,w i: nr g ' tOI ' d i f f - e ' r ' B ' n C 6 ! ! iin types andn o n ,o o "ld itio n cd: I squ ' aU t y between the Itw'o~How'e,v,er

, . 1 - _ . " _ _ II

po~s,e,s,5nonl!,f the ,e xcha nlg es is , nece,ssalry prior to' thol'r' s 'epar,a;t l !o.n.

,Q -24_ : What, ,i s the Jaw r,egard~ng.lhe tOIUo'w,ingl :sa,le:: A

ipers~n solo [a sw,ord .deoorated 'wUh l s, i i l iver for r oneIhu~dfi~,d,s~hl 'e'r 'd~rhalms., Thesllvar Olli1!18,mentry ,o[nthe,sw,or~.II~~qua l to 50 ' d irh am s, , a i ' sUve ' r , . Flif ty di i , ~hams o fthe, pn es , is tende,r'edas cash and fh le ' barancie , c : r 1 e d f t ? ;

A ;n s: Th is is a , vaU d . s ale , Th e cash t :e , nde r e d i is il !n l leuaftha s,iil i~'erde~coratio:n:.evan , ~ f ' i : t ls not spe,c i f i ;ed., This



42

balance 'is for the ' rest of the sw'crd and is,deferred! toa date consented to lY y both.

Q~25: 'What , i f : the bUY9' l r sa~d : t: T,ake thi!Si fi iftY' dirhamsfrom U 1 1 1e p r i' ce : '? '

, An, s;: :Th is , i s also valiid.

'Q-2S: What ~ 'fb o, lh 0 ,1tnern separated p:riior ' 0 lei 'thor '0 "them takiing :p,ossess; i ion?'

Alns:'The sale I :s, inva. l id for b o 'th ! t he : s w 1 0 i r d and ~ts

snver decoraUon, 'the' decoratlcn Ir s such that it t

cannot be aspara,ted from the sword except with

di'fficulty., Hlowevle'f" if the si~ver i l s : 9 i8S i l y ' s,epa, r :ate,dlfrom Ih,e s:word!~then Ih le ' salle, w ~ n be vallid ' Iolr thes iw ord a nd i nv aUd w ', ili h reg,ard ' to tlhle sllver dec,oratlio,n.

Q..2 ,7 ,:A s ll lvGl r' co'ntaiiner is sold f 'orsi lv91r lo r gOl ld" thenthe 'tw,o parties ~separa,led~in the' condlt1on that the,

seUer t :oo lk .P O ' S 1 3 ' 9 s s , i : o n o f pa rt 0 ' the pl r ice, ; ; -What ts theI ,aw' regarding this sale'?'

,Ana: 'The s,alle I r :egl8 irdling Ihe ,outstanding ,piriice jl n

iin va liid a n d v alid for that a mo un t tak en p osse ss io n ot. .The ' con ta ine r wiU now ' lbe l i" 'e'gardedi as be ing s;h l8 lred( 'pslrtne'red:) b : y ' the tWIO parties.

IQ,·28:Wha.t, can the' buy,er 'of the' !oontainelr do i i I f theco:nt 'a: iner ' bellongs pla,rUy' to ' a,third party and he, ( b u y e r ) has, , a l l , r , s , a d y tendenJd part pay lmenl t?

Ans,: He has a ,choice. II he w~shes he can procure

the ba,lan,cefor the praporfion,a'te pdOQ' or he , Im,ayrs' tu,m ~t

Q-2,1:, If a Iperson bought: a p~ieCQof rs.w SUV8'f and.thereafter disco,vers that someon:e' elsie also has ar i'g h t o ve " part o,f : it. Does th e ib uy 'e ,r ,a ls o h a,v ,s ' a . ohoicehere? '

43

Ans,: He has no choice ln thi:s case" il n f,act he canta lke· owners;hipof the who,le piece Itry 'g,h/ling

'the

outst'anding balence,

a4·0: A person sold 2 d~riham:s(sUver caiins) and oned.,nar hJold coiin)f,or 2 dii lnars and one dirham, ls thlsval~d?

Anls: , Yes iii is " s , B , c h one of 'the tw o types wUI Ibe linex,change' f O l r the other l.e, , g o l l d f :o:F'silv,er' and vleeversa,

Q...3'1: A pers ,an s,old 11 dlir ihams for 10 di l rhams; ,ando n e d in a r. , lis ,th is valid?'

A.ns: : Yes, 10 dirham's wiU Ib e to r 1a di rhams and 1,d irh a,m w ill be fo ,r 1 dinar.

'Q . .32':: Is ~he' sale o f' 2 : perfect dilrham's and o'nreImpelrfect dlrham in iBx:chang'E! ' for lone p '9, r fec l di rha'mi

and 2 ilmperfect d h ' t I 1 8 , m i s correct?A,ns : V ' i S ' S , it : ts.oor rect and V'aUd.

0" '133 , : 'What :is th e ; I ·aw r eg I 8, rd in g : 'the sale lin excess ofa silver or Igo~dcoln in which another aJllo.y' is mlxed,La, n ot: 1 0 0% , ! Q o l ld o r s i ~ I:V 'e r '? '

,A n,s : I lf t he r,e is m on a g,old o r sil~velrin lthe coin, ' then itw m _be' n~l'gardedas ,8 , g o , l d D ' 1 f ' :sUver coin. Tlh,en to tradeiinIhese ty p e, o f: coms wUllbe the' same as ' 1 1 0 0 ' % p,ul re 'co,ins (tiS. e,xoess and c,redit ls not aUowed) ... I' f in a'go,ld' or •silver' coin there i:s,sn overpowe-r i lng

presence' o,f another ' a n o y " then it:wUl not be niliga,nj :ed,a s . !Qo l ldor s i il lv 8 'f , b u t' r a th e r' as ,a n y a lh e 'r c omim lo d ity ~IHenc ,e " ii f bought o r sold ' for 'the samle type _ inexcess itW l il U be v a l l id •

Q..34':, 'What ,i's! the rulingl ~regardingl 'the per :so ln whobuy,s; goods w!ilh ,a ~ go lld ' o r ' I ,s ii lvar" C O . 1 1 1 1 which ts

Q r v e ' r, p o w G ' re d I by a n oth s 'r a lilo ,y ( t , e , . 1 : 8 S S , th,an 5 0 ' 0 ; ' 0 1 g O ! I ' d



' B u s :ir n e s s, Made Ea~sy 44

or si i 'lve r), . The,re .a f tle r~ prior to s,s,u. le·rtaking pos,s,ess,io~o · f c o i n s " theSl'ti c o ln s d eva1l ua t e c ons ~ [d e 'r ,ab 'l yand thai rUS i 9 iis d is c'o n tiln u ed in th e m ls rke t? ' .

,Ans: This, sa~e ls lnvatld,

Q~ 3 ,5 ': lis t ra d :~ n g ~ n m !o n s 'y v ,a U d if n o s pe c lflc v .a lu e ' isascertalned fOlr the m,ons'y?

An.s: It is , permlis,sfbl le' t ,o tlra de 'in c om mlo nl~ y usedImlo·ney even ~ . no s :pec~nc : v allu e I~ sas ce : rt aJ :nedi f or ~tHowe ' ve r " :i f i its val lue suddenly' diroprs ; thento tradeths'rein Is l invalUd until a new' value has basinascertalned for it

Q-36: If someone s,e~ls·goods in e.xcharng,e tor a.co,mmon ly Uisled c 'Ulr r ,enc:y, then iil d ·ev ,a l ue : s be fo 'r e t he ,issUer takes possesslon cifthe m on e'Y . W ha t "iis t ih,e

ru l , ing?

Ans: The sale is, invai~id.Q " 'i3 '7 ': : Is , ,a s ,a lle v a lid ii f o ne bu y':!, slometh~ng withmoney 'wlt l l i ,chls equa l l 1 :0 ' the va ! l ue ! o f '/2 di,rhs.'m:'?'

Ans: The' sale is v a llid ~ and the buyer-'should receivewha .t lis to _ h e , va l L J l , I S ' o f 1/2 diirh,am.

Q-·38::A p ers on g iv 'e 's the money ...c l hange r 'one dirhamand say s , ,I Giive me (I n exchange) 1h, , cU ri ham 'wo 'i rt h i o f

mone'y -and for th d iir ha lm Q liiv e me O n ,s:x"ch,ange) a 'V! .

d lrh am le ss a habba ' (unit of exctlang'e' ~ik:e,cents), list i1 i i .s v a U d I ?

A,ns : : This sale ls Faa . s id , a ·c l co r d ~ng to lrnaam Saheb(~). .Aciciording toSaahiibain (~ta~1-J~~S)his is.va~'idfor 'the Imo·ney ,and no t to r the : l1e51.

,Q ",,3 9 : W h at U he ,said ' IG i :v e ' me1f2 dirham WQlrt ,h. o fmoney and a V2 dirham h~ISS,8 habba--l.e. He did nots~Y: . "I!n ex,ohang iB fo r". .

46

An,s: Now' ~.:wHJIbe vsnd,

Q..40 : What I~ fhe said, ~'Giiveme a s,mjal:~1dlrharn to th ewe ig h t o f 11~dirh am l ~ ,e s5 ,,a .habba a nd to r the ba lla nC Q:,m,oney t?

A 'ns : : This iis a lso val i id , the1V2 d i rham hess a habba wU 11be in e ·)(ch an gle fo r th e sm cd :1d' i rhalm and 'the ba laneeot his dirham is inexchangl8 for the money,

N·o11'0. I~OIRWAR.DB'UYIIN:'GI(BAI' U IS SAIL,A,MI),

Q...1: Is the,rs any transaction from amongst the' ,"aUdb us ·~ n es ·s ,lra n s,a ctIo n s w h e'r,e in · th e re is n o c o nd iitio n o ,ftak~ng;possesslcn of Ibe g:oodl; bought?

Ana:: Yes, I't is known as a , a r us SaJa,ml. It is the saleo f c: redi f t fa ir g lo ,o ds . This is Ipe':rmiissi ibl '8 in th,~t the'buye " does not take p osse ss io n 0 ·1 'he g lo o d s le X Jc e p ,ta fte r ,a s t:ip u l,a ted p ,ed ,o d . . . '

Q - ,2 , : Expl,ai in t he ' completeand conelsa . l law whi ' ch 'winmake Bar u s S ,a l,8 im 'v aU d Of' ~n\l'aUd?

A n a :: B ,a ii"u s ·S a .l:am , is v,and' in a U th o's e! c ommo drn eswherein the re is a precise qua~l i ' ta. t ive descriptionandiwhere fits qusnti,ty can be ascertained. ~'fan jteilm

canno t be p,ecis isdly deuB.c r j i bed nOJ quant i rned I B " a r ' us

,Sa. lam ls no t va llid 'th e rew ith .. .'Q'·3: E.xpl lain the type' o f co,m,lmodiUes, w n , le' r ,e ' i1nBal'usS ,a l :a .m l s pe rm l s si b le?

A , n s : : 'B ar u s S ala m: ls pe rm i s s ,i b le 'iin a llII ! t h ing :s whiich

ean be I mle · as u ,r ed t, w',e ig 'h ,e d , c o u nt ed Bind : i ln

plantanons. Tih,ese items must be such that there iisnodispa1r ' ii ty in t h em! (t.e, the, re is . ,as , imU,ar i t :y ' in aU th e



lndiv~duals, ,amrong,s; ' t the sald co,mmodicty) .. e lg~ IN'utsand e 'g lgs~ ~ 't iis In lot vaUd for anlmala nor ' 1hB'~rnmbs.iNeiltherfar _the s:k~n l of anlmals sold by ,qu,Eilnlt'ity~

ne iithe 'r fo rw lo od s 'o l~ ld in bundl ies" nor dates solid i i ' n

I handfuh; .

Q!~4,:A're Ul'e're an y ' c .ondi t lons for the val;: id~ty of 1hi :s ,

I,ype cd sale?

Ana:: , Aoco r d l ~ng : tOI rmaam S,sheb (~) th ,e n e a ,r e'7 OQndi~tiiQnsattached to the vandi1y o! Sal,am: At thet~m,e of·s;a,~,e'. ,.1., T he , ' t ,ype o 'f ,colm"m,odit,y mus t b e! [k n,Q w n,.2:., The valriety must be [known ,( ,e'QI .CapB or IRedo n i , o n s : ) 13., The. descript~on must be kno,wn. ,4., The quantity must be ikno:wn.r5., The ,q,uantii:tyof the c,ap,jml mus. be known, ii f ~t

8uc,h a Ihingwhich lstraded in by means ot quantityeg.,W,e'~ghed ormeasured ltems,6,. The Iplla. loi6 ,wheu·e t.hl,es,aiie is to b,s'concluded mustbe stated :~ f the item purchased needs to be'transported or conveyed.,7 , . 'T1hlis,ype o~salle i:s!no,t oo rre ct e xc ep t oh credi:t,

h l e n c e ' the date , o " f exeiouUo,n of sale ( te'. h a nd in g . o ve r0 ' gloods) must be known ..Ql~5':lsSalam valldtor c::l:othlngl?

Ans:lt ~9 valid i1 the Ilen,gth:i,width and textun~!1arem:en'tionled togetheir' w~th the type, ,c:e'scriiptilon andvariety (g:rade'-e'tc. > . . -

Q...6:: lis Sallaml validtor geim,6 ;and pearls?

A .n s,: N o

Q' . . .7: What about Salam' in b , a l ' l < : e d and un [ba.k~d

!br icks '?

"~.

Busines,s Ma.de !Easy " 47'

A.n,s: It is vend iftne' eX8,ct: type of bdck : i : S :mentioln,ed...

Q""'8: In ,S;a.~8!lm',he : 8 , e ' I : ~ , e , rhands over ~.hegoods at thes,~!ipul:ated dat 'G ' . , 'When 'm:ust he re·os]ve the Qx!ohangs '(pa'Ylm,ent) tor : r t ? '

A,ns: 'These~ler must 18k,s!U'1I G Jmoneyfnl,mtihs' buyeret the t : ime if 'the, tlr,ansac:~lion jlspr~olrtol · t h e : i l r

separanon, Sala,m ls not veUd o,therw!ise,.

Q...9 :: Th e deal ,of ,Sa lam i was, cD,noluded~the'nl thes:eUer i.ntendis to deal in t.he ca.pitaJll or the buyert,ntendls to de'al lin t:h,e goods, , b ough t C i L e they i n1 .endenacting further tra:ns.actionstherew'ith).. What iis theruUng l?

Ans: ~t iis n o t vaUd to, de led ' ( ,anothe'r ~ransadjion) w:iitlhthe ,ca~p'i!ta~north~ 'g'ootis: bougl t1 ' t prlor tOI taklnglposses:s l l on . 'H lenCIG; also 'w ' !ededuce that in a tr ad le , c ifSalam, j p , E j , r I : n e r , s h l p and reseUil ls notvaUd prior 1 :0

taking passls'ssion o,f·the g lo lods hought

Q' . . .1:'O:,Are there alny more ,condni~ons att,ac:he,~ to ·thevallid'i l,y o lf th~s type' o f , s. a~ :i e? !

An,s:: Yes, the !Fuqiaha have menUo l n e d SOM'9' ext ra.cond,~~i,olns,. , Tha t I .e that the Q ,Qod s b 'DUg lh t must: bepresent (ii.e., not obs:ol,et,ei nor disoo,nt~nued) from ths'tlma o lf t:he :sa,~leuntil Ihe due da~le!.

Q,_·11:W'i l~111SaJiam, be v,al!i~diffl fl. person ,sold goods

(wie!~lghed) equal to his bQ,d,y~e.jght 'Olf' measured

gloOds, ,e!quall to h:is arms l ' e , n IQ lt h? .

Ans,~: 'No.

·Q,~'.2::l ~sS ,a l l a ,mvaUd i ' f ; the 'Q , oo d s b o ug h t a re s .p .e ,c ,if~ e dto be from ,8 , speclfio vi,lllage 'Q , rif the dates bough t ,~u'eto be from a ,slPeoi~;i lol fiee?

A.n ls : ' 'Th~s,s no t vaillid..



48.

No 11., \P.AWINIII 'NG

Q-1 ,: ' W l h l, a t·'8 . th e S l h i 8 . r " " i a nd ~ e )( :i IC ' og r a p hl ii cdlefiinition 'o f

a !p aw n? '

A.ns: 'The dicti i lona!ry m,ean: i : ng is· t he h o !ld ii~ ~ ,_ ~ a . c. k o' rre te nti,o in o ,f a n ita im in e ·xc ha ng e o f 'whatever me:a ns .,

Acco, rd i ing : I lo, ths,Shadah iit lis to , a l ~ l C ? w a , thiing , t , ~ _ ,.ber ig h tfu n y Y lith h S1Id ,_ 'w iher,s it,is ~ e ' f : 1 t i n _ nsu _? f S,O~I~t~II:~'~~else. The i t 'Qim.being pawned (Wlt.hh'e~d) ~'ay b~ _ l P a ' ~ I I , ~0 . 1 - ' - -whony oOlm'pens;al,ed by 'what is , ' g: lve n ~ In 1 I I I e u

· t h e . r e , o , ' . .

Q.,2: How is . a pawn transact!edi' and when Is it -

oonc illud ed? .

. An. s;: pa cwn ls transacted by o,ffer and ' ~ c c e · I J ) _ 1 1 2 l ~ C ! ._It

iils "erminated [b y the posssselen of, t~e p~~n~ld ~temby th,e pa .wnbro ' ke l r . Whenth~e'IP\aY"nbir~'kerakes, f~n_,u 'n ,8 t t8 .ched and' proper ,po,s:sesslon ~ o ,the, pawned' it. em " th e n th e tr ·a n sa c tiio n iiis oo , nc ll ud ed , . .

Q..3:, What is, t:he !rui!lng ii f ,there ' i iS _ ~~~f~r.~nd,acc,eptance',but the lp a wn bn ~~ ke r h as not y ,e t tak .e,n

p 'Qsse.ss ' i ion 01 th,e pawned item l~ .

A~S,: [Untillthe broker has , no t ' y e t ta~ken l !pos~ le~s;S ionof

t t, e '- pawned ~te'm~.he pll,e~~~~'has ,a ,_ ~h01C~. If_h~''wishes he ml,a~"hand over th,e Itaim o~ hie may ,~e~~~~ t

l h i s pawn .. .When t he _ : p ll! sd g e r 'h a s, ~.a~,~~d~~:~r~I IS I ,_ l t · .~~ ,and the brokeif has - t a 1 k e n ooseeseion thereof. then the

i tem is the : rB ' sp ,ons ,i b iU ty of t lhe! ibroket.

I Q : - 4 : : Why has pa.w'ning be len p l r e , s ; C : lr ib e d by the

·Shar iah? '

An$: It is a m:ean~ of' s~curityand, slJre~¥.,_o,f.a de l~.~and to , e n su re that the· l r j igihts ,of the cr'9·dl : tor are' no,1

destro,yed. lPawlnl ing i: s not vat id except with agua:ra.nt!e,sd I loan.

Q ' !!! (5 :T h e b ro k e r has , t aken poss,ess, ion o f the pa :wnedlite'm an d it Is des.tro,y'e,dl whii ls r j 'n h .ls possese ion . Wh ois re.s.po:n:sib~e fo', . i1svafue?

An's,:' As m ,en llio 'n ie d a.lr,s'ady, when tlhe broker t .ake,spossession, 'then the , l i tem is: h is , r es po n s, .b iU t y, . T h: 8IF uqah a hav,e mennone d tha t h i S ' hit :r leis,poin6~b.le f a ir ' th em,jn ims,1 value, (if i t - has vs, l ry lngv;afue, .s ,) and th e loan.

Q...6:What is meant by . m l i ln ! im a ~ v , a h J s and I I , o i a n 7

A ns :: 'T his is '9 xp 'l'a ,in ed h e ' r ' B unde.r~I , ' th e p aw ne d i ' lb~ml,i ISde·s . t r oyed by t he ' br:c) lker; and i,lsvca~ue'·andthe loan are equal, then the broker Wii~~beroga,r'ded · a , s bS ' i in 'Q I cornoensated for h~s loan, B cc o'r diin g to th e S h a rir a. hl. . !I f its va. lus ' ' is ,~ e .s s.han the '

1 1 · 0 8 n " then the proponiionat , 8 value ls dfopped lo f1:the'oanand the bro,ke 'r has c~',aimlover 'th e p ~ ed g ,e 'r tor th eba, l lance, . f' f it s value, was , mo re th an the Iloan"then the ,,sntilre· ~oa,n win be compensated the',;eby and theexcess wUl l fsU under Arnaanat (t.rus.t),and w u . , besubject to tnese cond~Uo,",s.,I'f t he ' ,alrticl'e is destroiyedlby the brlo,ker the· .n l h,e is not rsaponslble for theexcess , because a, tru st (w lh ilC h is destro iyed in thehand s : o f t he t lf us t, e" e) ls nO it . h is r e spon sdb iU t y , .

I Q L . . .7,: Y 'OU I have a.lready m,ent i ioned thai a pawn is:concluded whe'ln the broker has ta,ken cOlmpIJ,e·ti9'J'

. unattached and p ro pe r p os se '$ ,s lio n ,of the' i tem," h3

th s're ·a n underlying reason tor · t h i · s , st . ipu la ta 'on?

Ans,: Thiis .s t ipul ,at ion exc l1udes, aU that does not fal'lfunder lit I H e n , c : e , to pa :wn publl ic props!rty ls not va~nd;nO'lr'o pawn o l t 1 l l y the fruit on a tree . and not the' tree,nor the, crop's Io n land exc1fuding the· land nor a. tree"e xc llu din g lts fruit, nor I ,and e x , c . 1 1 u d i n g ,its crop,



51

IQ~15:What about, pawn l ing dinars, di!rham,s, w'ei'ghed

o r Imleasun:~d i t :smls?

Ana:: The pawning o,f such thing,s, ars vaJid~ If i i ' ' l is

pawned tor the sa-me type, 'Oi f i " t iem' and is des , t roy ,ed l ,thenl it 'wilUbe re,ga,rdedi as baling destroyed in ,s'qu'alvaluei tOI the loan, ,even if ths'y (paw,ru:~!,d i i ts 'ml ,and! ,l lo,Bln)

diifh~'r i n m i lO t ,o r ex ,c e !l ll rl enee (quaUty).

Q' . .16,: A person Is ,oiwed a, sum , of m ,o n eiY ( go ,ld ' or's , i l 1 v e r coin-s,l.Then , H e 'takes; the' equai v,allue , o f ' hi's,toan (fmimi the debtor ) and spends it, The,reafte: : r '~ he,(cr 's,dit .Olf) 'discovers 'that wha t he recel ived , in l ieu o if the

. I ,oan WQ,$ imper f ,e ,o t ( t , e " . not 1O O ,o /Q ) , . 'Wha t ls t he , r uU n g ?

Ans: Aocording to Im'aam Saheb (t:J,~') ' the'credl i , tor has no ,c lla ,im : and is re'g,erded aJB, beingcompensated f uU y . ,Acoo, rd i 'ng i toSaahiba i 'n l I(~'trie' creditor must return theam,o,unt of imp,erl'ect coins

he rec'eived and he has c,llaiml over tlis g'ood quaUty,00 i ln8 , .

Q1 " 7 ': . A person pawned ,2 ' s,javes for a . ce r t a ln ,amOtJlnlt,of money, Then he fulfi~ls to ' the' broker the eqUl iv,alent:v,a ~u e o f ,c ,n e sl ,ave. Is i' t pe r lm ' ,j is s li bl e ,f ,o r h im ! ( ph~dg ,e r r: )to' t ,a,k ie the , s~ave·whosie va~ ' lUehe had ful f iU·ed?

Ans:: He cannot take e i ' t 1 h e r ,of them untn he hasfuI'fU,',edthe fun am,Qunt,afte,r which he maytaks bothof them.

Q..,,8 ;: W h at Is the, , l f u tUngif f the p le dg elf a ,p p oio ts th ebroker lo r a ' t . h i O r d person, a s . ,a,representative a lgen t , tos.e,n the pawned , i t ,smlafts'r he (pledg,er) ha.s fulfm's'd hi,S

d u e , o,w 'in g f or it?

An,s':' This representaUon /,B 'gency msva . nd~

Q' ·1S I:' I I ' f thi ,s said ag lenc~,Y ' / r e p r as e ntar jo n is , ,st,ipulated

as a , IC io l nd it 't lonat the t.ilm"e ol f the cont rac t 1 0 · 1 pawn" w,UI



Bus,lnes,s Ma,de' Easy

it be , p,srmi,ssibl:e fo,r 'the p'lledger to take back his,

Inlpresentatiion?

Aln ls : 'No, he does not. have 1hi ls option, :If he

wiithdraw:si, h~s,l ' ietract,i ion wiU not be valid,

Q,. .201: Win 'U'l~S ag lency ' (stiipul,B'tedin the ,?ontralct), ben!g ,a , rded as w 'i , t t1drawn it ' the p~e 'd 'ge r die ' s?

A'ns: No,

Q,.21: Cain the' broker o la lr n r 'e p a. ym ,e ,n t: of his loanfrom the piedg,s'ror ha 've hi iml 2u r ,es ted becauss Oi~:_ iI.

Notwi l t hs tand lng the fact tnat he (blrDlker)stUllhas i lh'epawned l te 'ml w ' i U ' 1 him'?'

Ans,:: Thiis !i;s perrnlssible. The pawn i i ng does no t

pre 'vent h iml from thls~

IQ. . .22: The broker has possession olr the pawned i telmand the pi l ledgelr wiehels to s l e i l , ~ 'off' · t ' h i s , ilte,min order to,'Iulfil~ his r e p , aY lmen t w'ith ' thlis sale. Is it incu,m:bent

u po n th e! b ro ke r tO I al l l .ow this sa l i e?

A,n ls : : ,T'h:is iis no t : incumbenit upon the broker, It will besaid to the p led g ie r : ' Repay y,our loan, then ta,ke¥'~urlirt91m When he has repaid his ~ l o a n J C i'twin be s;a,ld ta l

th e broker : f;g 'iv e h i. m h ls item'.

Q...3 : 'What, t l S i the' Ilaw regardiing the sale 'o f ' thepawned i t : , s m l by the pl,edg,e,r,wittJout: me.eonseot ol f

'the broket?

A.n;s: Th~s sale is suspended upon the' consent o,f ·thebroker 'or the replElYlment ot the loan by the p h : ! , d g l e ' t r to,

the broker.

'Q-24': What cain be dione iif. the pledger dB~s t r oy .s , thep lB.wned ii:t.em and it, no longer remains wiith the

bro,ke'lr?

Ana,: The p le dg ,e :r w lU I be, f~ned(by ls , laaml i 'c : court). tothe va 1lu e a t the- destroyed i teml . Then thls am oun t (1"9 .tl'lefine) w m be gl~V' lenn p ls lc le a ,' the p,s,wned ltern,

Q...25:: The broker has taken posseeslon of 'thep',Bwned item. ' Then a strangler destr,oIYs, it whiltst i,n hiisp o sse ss io n . Who wU l hol1d th e des t i roy ' e r i r : espons, i ib l s ,and what 'willi now be placed as a pa.wn wiith t he ,b · r · · o : ' k . : : . e · , ' I 1 " ?_ _ I _1. ",, ". ~ ! ! ! !

,Ana,: __lhe birok!e: r has recourse, to I ,e 'gal action

regarding the r e" s: po n :s ib U i~ y , of the dest'royed i t , s ' m , . Helcan take the amount fre m th e d e!s lro y'e r:. and , k ,Q,eplt Inp la ce lo ,i!;he pawn l w'ith Hlilm,.

Q""26 : ~~',?es a.Ic.rl i lmlnali offense olf ' t l t l ' e p l ledge ! r upon th e

Pawn ed it: Q,lm ,·. ..~"'J"~, an y . b-·s··· ., r · I · ' n - · g ~ · :o n t'h "~ 'ps .-?''.. _ _,",,_~Qtv _J _ ... .g, I . . . ' 1 _ ~ ,lawn .,. ,- "_ -

. Ana: 'The pledger ii s reeponsibla for any losssusta:ined 'to the item due, to the ot f ,enC J9 .

' Q ' . ..27: What i" the broker corranits an IOl ffenC'e upon the'pa ,wned i't 'e 'm?' -

An l s : T , h i O ' lose sus~:ai'ned due' ta l U'f is o f fence iiSp ro po rtiro na te ty o ff,se 't fro m 'th e I 'o,an.

Q~2:8: . I I the brokieir needs to ,hire a pl lB.ce fOir thes,af,ekeepi!ng ot 'the p a.w ne d iite mj. 'who l is I respo,n,s iib ll efor thiis expense'? .-

,Aln,s: Th e broker him,se·~ f . .

'Q ~.,29:' li~ ' tJ e lp aw n ed lite ml iis shsisp o r , camels; , . and as,h,eph '9I rd ii:s n ,e e dle d to , I he ,r d Ihe'm e tc ., Who is l i iablle fo rth~sexpense'?

Ana : , Th e Ip l ledg,e' ,r iis I r 'espons, ib le ' .0-30:: W ' : h o , ls ~iabllefor 8ny expen ls e , I ('ma :i n ten , ance ) lo rthe pawn? .

Ana:: The p~edg,et.

Qi.. .31!,:'~f B 1 n y growth o r in clr 's ar S !e l accrues be ca us le .o fthe pawned it:s,m, egl~ a cow or ,c a !me !1 g liiv es ImU k , w oo l



lBusine'ss Made Easy 54

from 8 , shs!t9:p, Cll ' l rfr lu~t from a tnee etc, Who, owns tihis

resu~itant increa:s ,e '?

Anls': Thiis"'b!ell,ong,s,t1o,hle p1iedg;s,r blUl~:he cannet ta.,k,epossesslon (llf i t" r,tltha'r it w~llilrem:aiin as : part o,f the,pawn ,

6'I f the broker de:si i r ,ss, he' 'mayg i !v ,e ii t to the

pledgler , .

Q..3:,2:Wlhat i ~ : this, i increased i~tem" which l~S left w~ththe broker, perishes?

Ans,:, '~tperishes w'ithout any Uab'~Utyto 'the broker,

Q...3a~What iiI the actucd ,p,aw:ne,d itaim is d ' E H 3 t r , o , y e d ,

but 'his re'su11Itant:increase rernalnal'

,Ans: The : p '~ ed ,g , e' ;rwi 1 1 , 1 1 be r edee ,m,ed iits preportlonate' \ l ,Blue", The loan Wi t ' l l be' divli,ded In'to, the ' value ,o f thepa,wned iiteiml onthe day of thecontra,ct and upon thle

value J ( J f 'the i inc:lreaseon the day of redernptlon, The

IprOp,o,rtionat!€!' v,alue of'the actuall itemIWlii~~atakeri ,affthe loan, and the plledg:erwi'~ll be, r e d, e' eml1ed t h ,eprolPortit lo,nate v.allua, of the iin cr ea .s ;e .. A n ex ,amp l ie ,to

inustr ,a~e the, above : i~as,fo:I I ' I ,o lws::

Z,aid pawned a goat tome vaJue ofA.1' 00 iin Ueuof aR9'D debt. This g'O.8t ga ; ,vebh1h and di,ed. The presentva,~LJeof the l K i d ~s l R , S O . Now the to!ta~v,ah. .! 9 ' ,o'f the

' P , a !w n ' is R150,.Sino!ethe kid ~s ' 1 / 2 the va lue ,o f ~t 's ,mother, t be ' t i o t ; e d

arncunt is dl'vided ilnt,o 3 p O r l I h : > n , s , . Th e , ! I o l s n ,o t lR D O ls

also diiv'jded iinto, 3 poruans. H€H1Ce RBO (',2~portiionsfrom the Qiolats 'v,allue) ls dropped ,o'ff the loan, lNo 'w · the '

p lle dg er h as , to,give R .3 0 and :red~e~the kJld.

'Q-34: 'The br,o lk~er has t 8~k ,en the pawned i i ts 'm .. Thenhe ,de:sires an lnerease (iin pa:wned'~ii te'lms)froml lhe

'pledg'er or the p~,edger ds's,ires an mersase iin his loan,wnrat Is ~herule reg;ar~ding thes le ' I w o , ? 1

BUSJ;i ine:ss Made l :Easy ·11

Ans,: Aooord~ng' to, lmaarn ·Ssheb a.r1d I l lmlas,m

!V1iU lh ~,mm,a ~I~ ~~ .,) e n lncreaee in 'tlhepawned , i tem~svahd" not so lin the ~oa ln !~ ,I'.botlh -ar'e lnereased ttl ,enth e p s.,w n w n ~ no ' ' I ,onger Ire:m!ailn a IPIBwnl. , . - -, - -,-

~ co ol.i~ in ~ 1 01I~·naa ,m.Abu Yusul '.~:I<!,§j) a n in cre ,8 seIn bOUll an:J:va.,l l ld..

'Q'' '35,: ' ApersonsoltJ'gh!a ,I,oan I:ro,m tw:opeopha andlpaw'ned o'ne IEt,em be~w,sen the· two a ll ths!ml. 'Wha~t 'i:st he , Il'iulinlg?

A I 1 ! S : . This .is valid. This pawned item is regal'ded asbe! .~ngpa:w)1lsd with each ,one 0# the'm ••

Q' . . .3 6 :: W h o is ; I re lsp ,ons,ibh!! fo r thhs l Pi s, wned Imm?

"n5 : ,E;ach~o ,f them is, If le 'sponsibille to the pro:portiionatee'xtent of hus 1 1 1 0 1 a n .

,Q. . .3,7: ~fthe pledg'sr'ul11i1l1s the ,clebt ,of one of the

ItJlr 'Dke~s, ts Y2 D r part ,o!f U · ' U 9 p aw ne 'd l ii1te ml nowreg '2 l . rded tU g ~ f ir e e ~ "? ' -

A.ns: No,~ lit ls no w I~ ,e f l as ,8 iP,B ,wn wiith 'the ID,ther

c red i t o r until , he ts ,p a iid l li n f ' L I i l I .

Q...38·:A pe rson JS io lld a srave on ,C1o,ndit i lon that thebuyer', :P,8Wnt so,mi,ethl i ,M!gto i:ts va lu ew ith l lh lilm (B leUer)" ,

The', b~ ly ~r,d o~ s, n o,i Ic ,omp~y ln handing O'V' fU 'a IPEI,Wln.,What IS the' rulil'ng o,~thii:ssall18and pawn? -

Ans: 'The _s a h : ! ' is vaUd. However the lbuyeroannot ~befo rced to nand Dv,e'f 8. pawn . The seU eu wU 11 ow ' haJJI!

a 'c'ho,i,ce O f: the Ibuyer ,refuses to! paw'n)l. If he whs,:hltl·she Ima.y : I ieav',e,ou t the pawning o r he rTuIY caneeltbe

.~.al;e~unllerS,S,the buy,e r hands 'Dverthte cash, ' 0 ' . 1 " unless,~heb~lrer hands oive,r~hesmount o,f ' th e lP ,8 w n 'to hi;lm.TtJ'7-.~ 't~iS amount ~ m 'SS'INeas a pawn until th e bu y"e rfu~flnshe agn!u!d p ri'ice . ,





Blu,sines's IMade: Easy' ~8

Q,. . .4,::Are' thes,e, three~aoove mentloned categior~es iQ f

parsons prev,g:ntedfnJlm tnldlng v ,€ n ba UY ' a nd ac:tiv'ely(by w,o!rd and ,ac t i lon) or lonl ly ' 'Verba,lily1'

Ana: An i,mm,stur,s' c'hild and i nsane ' person arep,reven1lsd from ' oon t rac t lng l verballtran6~ctio,~.8'i _ I~~ '~aenve. H,owev,or, that ' 0 ' at slave r ,equi res JUlnhel f '

exp~anation wh~,ch, ,owi lng i to its i l r re le 'vancy i n ! p re s /e n t . ..day soctety ,win not be! , e l , a b o , ' r a . t e d i upon.

Q..5: If an 'immature ch~~dor' an i :nsa,ne person

de:s , t : roysa, r abuses another person's ~,ealth ~,rp r 'o p e rty ', c a n 'th~s~OISS bs, eompensatsd 1 : ' O ' F ' I ' ro ,ml thlellr

W a~I'th? .~ , _ " e - ' I ' I,.

Ans,': Yes, they are : respons, i ib le , . Th~Sits exaot~y ,Ih~tmport ot the fulle that they ars ~~t pre1vented fromcontract~nglact~ve t l ransac: t i 'o ln:S~Th~;Sidoes not meant l h , a i the 'y are, 'not preventedi from destr:ayh~.g ' the,

prope,rly 0 , ' ,othsirs. ,Q...6:: What Is the 'O'l:ilj,9Ct 0 " prle:v,entirllg ve',rbal l

tr,ans,2l lci ions,?

An,s,: The busiines:s contract of an i lm l lma t u re O l ( insanepe r son ilB not val id : , neither theirconfe.sslons ~,or

8 !c kn ow lle dg m e:n ts O n matters o f business elg. debts).'The]r di lvo l r ,ce ( i f f i they' hapP,en to be m,arri,ed)1 Is also no t

ta ken ~n to Icons ids lr.a tio n ,. -,

Q,. . .7: What about the bus ii ne ss ' tr a :n s , ac ti o :n r e ,ga l rd i n~

that mature , f:ree' (not ~dav,e) ,but ~ncompef te ln t : p ,s l rson1Ans:: A :n iln c 1c lmIP ,e te n t p e r so n , iif he '~ s unde rstanding(not mad), mature andrree, hs' Is not prevented fromt ' ransB 'c t Ing l business. H~s dea lUn lg:s iin h is o~n wea~~his, psrrnissible even il f he' was, tes i i t , or ab'uses ' I t,

t hen i ,by ' des,troiying h~,sown wea,~th iil~tho!se th'iing'~,w hiich a re without purp ose o r obilset:., lFor example 1 1 , ' f

B lUs i lne , s , s ,Made E,asy 59

lhle destroys h l~swB,alth by thr iowi in 'Q' ii t into the sea orburning ,it -

'Q·8: lis 'ther:e an lag,e' IUmj t to h an din gl o ve r the w,eal;rhof an. lncompetent person I(eg~Trustees hand over' his~nhenUance )? '

Ana: Vie's, there ls, Il f a y,outh matures and isJ'ound t :O I

be ]nco mpetent , hls 'w I B ia l· t h S ~ h O " Ld d not be handed t ohim unti l l l he reaches the ,agleOf 25 yea l fS " . tf he dealsli n hls wealth prior t .o tnls (anyt l i lm 1e ·8 . 'f te r ma tu r ii ty ) , thenhis I d ieaUngs, winl be' considered and valid. 'When he,reache ' , s thea.:g,e o f 2:5 , then hi's mOlnsy :shoul 'dl beg: i iven to hi~rn,ev'e,n if Ic o'im p ete nc :y is , :stUInot noUe led inhii ' lm,.

Q·9: What about the marrlaqe of' an incempeterrtperson?

Ana: H i i : s niikah isva,Ud~ HOlwever" his mehr (d :owry )'wiU be eonsl de red " Il f he' mentioned the mehr to her,then lt wUl be vaUd t o the v , a l i U l e of mehr~e-m!it,hal 0 , . 1 9 1

•

that rnehr found ·~mlongs, t t lhe WOlman in her famJly,),any excess 'willi be invaUd.

QI . .10 :: If an incompetent person w l· s;f 'lie s ,t o p e rfo rm a!F ,a rdh ~H'an"wiU he be ' ,aUow,ed to do th is? .

An, s : Yes, he 'w:i l l il not be ' prevented t he ' ,r e f rom . .H ,ow ,ev ,e r , h j .s , spendingl l expens,es,wm not be g iVe n 'tohim, Iltw'ill~ be plaeed i'n th e care of a I r , e , s p , o n s : i b I I Q

parson travelling wiith him., Q M ' 1 11:: What i" f an inoompet,snt person taUs, m andbequests h.s 'we,a,l th to ' some relatlvas (not heirs,)1 IQ ' r to'so ,m ewo ir th y ,c ha r ity ? -

Ans,: This bequest 'w'Ul lbe, valld frcm 11/3 of ,t1li'sestate,~

IQ-112: Isa ban,krupt ple':rs1on" wha ow 't eS , m o ne 'y also

preventedfrom trade?



60

,A:ns: lmaarn .Abu H,ani l fah I(~~) say.s : : ~IIwii:U notprevent a bankrupt p ers on fro im I rading , ,~ be ,ca 'Us :e ofIh is outstandi ingl debt;s~ II at person has ,outstandingdebts and h : is , cr ed ii t. o r. s dema.nd his ' i impris,olnment andhis re;vention from furths'r trading.~~lmaa lmSaheb(; ...~~ )say!s tn,at such a I pe 'r slo n s h ou l;d not be

p ' l " , e v : e n , t e · d ] .Q...113 : I f a ba nrk .ru pt p erso n ha s g ,o od s bu t. does no t,r ep a y. h ils debts, Acco ' l ' i cUng 1 0 I lm ,. ,am, Abu !Hiani,f,alh(~ ) ,can litl,e , judg lQ: ,o,rdler r 'epaYiment:?

.A lns :No ' . H,Dw's 'verl he should be jl8 .U ed u ntilli Ih,e.oonSle ln t :s to its being sio,ld and th e proceeds used torrepayment 'of debits.

Q~11,4,:~a ban'krupt person n a s w e ·a ~ t,hi:nl the rorrn :o , f

di in lars, ordlrhams (,eash)"howw~ill t h ,e j udg lE ! :'u se it tor lepay the· de!o,ts?'

.Ains: II. the' debts, areln d~nan~and he has dlnars~ 'or if

th e debts a re iln ,d irha ms a nd 'th19 debts , ana :iln dirhams,t

the judge w ~ n ,orderrepaymebt o·f debffiseven ~fhelsno t . c onsen ti !n l g .~ n h,e has , di inalFs and hils debts ar ,a ilndirhams ,o~rv ice ' v , e , r 8 a . ~ ·th le j 'udg :e wmseU wha t he hasand use U1i :s to, r ,epay t he l debts.

a . , 1 1 5 : : Wha t do S·aah1Iba. jn (r,ahlm'stuUahi ia l isi 'h im,a)sa.yl rega 'rd i ing a bankrupt pers ion?

Ani . : : : 'Ifthecreditors de 'm,and b : I ' S , preve!nt ! i lonf r ,om

t:rad~ina Ihen t : h , s judge wi:~1n te rd io t h ii:m fli"om. tr ad iln g.~dealiin'g)etc, Such that :hl ls o . n s ~ d ; i i l o r s , are :saleguClJ-dled.

This j udg le wi iUse IU ,of f hils ' g , D o d s , ii f ' h i e r ,e fusesto , : seU itl ihe Iproce,sds. wi'~I , be pr,oporti :c) 'natel 'y dis, t r i ibutedB lmong s t Ihiis c red it ol rs ;, . ' The · jUdglB w i il ll s p e n d from th ewe a,llth o J a Diank : rupt person who ls prevented Itom,lrad ii:n 'g !1 up on h iis (insoh/ent Ipe,rs ion 's) , 'wl i le, ,chlUdnaln

,a nd o th er dlepe ·ndan i t s~

61

Q....1 1 1 6 : Wha;t~ffian ~ns:ol lv' lent: person a . c k nowhadges ·8

debt ho' owes tosemeene, whUst he Is in the state 0·':

be ing l p ,r e ve n t: ed lf ro .m t ra d e ?'

Ans,:: This wii~'1be valld. This debt, wi 'l ll l l 0 ! in ly be l P a 1 1 d

,a.fi:er t h l E ! i f ii rs :t , or -ed li to r s a re i P I B i : d ! I O I U J t ,

'Q . . .17':What lean a.j,udge do ~l1a bankrupt p ! e ' r s 1 o n

,deni i ,e!s owning wea lth l, i a ndh , is , c l' ie ,d li rt o r s d~ lma ,n :d hlsimpr i isonm,ent7 '

A n :s ': : T he ju dg e · w m ~mprison h i r m l tor a n debts, incurredbe cauee ,o f g oods Jboug h t. o r loans t a :ken . , S~mnar l ybecause o,f:debts whiich bscame bindin 'Q upon hlim byway ,o f Mleh1r o cr i f h e 'N ,a s agua~r,antor ' i ' Bs,sidsiS t !h i ,s ,hewi l l i not be' imprisoned tor · o t h e u · ,money ,owed by hiillm,,,I lilk e · l re p ,la !c ln g a . ·snatched Item or penaJt.yfor a erlrne,unless it can be p' l roven that he does own wealth,.

Q...11,B:~W,ill:11he be lrnprlsooed 'W,orever or fo r 'on 'ly a

c ler taJn p e rl,o d?' -

A ,n :s , : : lmpr lson rnen t is , n ot th e o bje ct.. The o l) ,j sl ct . i s f O I l '

hlrn to br~ng out .any·wi~,alithIh~may be conceal i ln g . .Hie,'wlU be' lrnprleoned 'for 2 .~ ·3m'oln: fhs t, whi lst h ts conditionand flnanelal statu5,wi i l l l be investiigated.. li t no weall th isdiscovered he wUl be S 'B ' t : free. H,e,'wm a J , S I O I be e set freefl f lt ca n be plr-ov,en that he' owns N,Q cWGia l lt h .

Q...19 After the judge hs.s. set him" f l res,when it :

became evidenttha.·t he' own,s !rllow'le',allt:hil does ·thiis

~; l ' ie,edOlrn ,ro m i imlplr ihsonlmenl bar hls cred~tor:s fromlst:il l i l

I ,ay ing ,S clalm on hi lm?

Ans:. 'No.j]it does not, HOiw'8:ver , the:y cannot p n e v E ! ' n thi : :ml f rom fu rth er tra ns ae flo n or t rave: I I ' jn !Q~ Thoy can,c'l,aJmany excess 'w I9 , a J i t l h of h~s, ' t o ! b e dis,t:r:ibutedp'r,oiP,o!,rt~'onately a m , o , n l g s t themselves ,sHelr hi~famny

e)Cpense,s are disch"rgedl.



Business Made EaB:, 62

,Q. . .20:: Is thQn~ a d~'fferentVij ;9WOn this by S,aah~ba i ln?

A,ns': Yes, they diU,er w~th lmaam Sa t l leb !(rahma:tutlah"i

,8Jalhl.Theysay t lhat once the Judlge has declared a

person bankru pt, Ihis c,redUol rs i are " barred . fro_mclalrnl n'gf rol lml him, unless th,s'}, can pnJv6 i ! J ' that he , has,attaJinedi 'w,ealth.

'Q . . .11:: Is a,faasi1q {,o'pen Shaf ii t ransgr 'B 'sslo r)p : reve in ted from tra.!dlng'?

,Ans: NO:r not i' f it ~8,benefic~a~ to hlm,

Q...2:A person was flrst ani up- ,r ighbaolUs beUever,hater h e! beg a ln t r, an s g r ,e s : si n g theS,harlah (becanl"B afa,as~'q)" Is , such a , person plreiv&,ntedfrom trading?'

AnSi:: ,A ne'wand a n ol ld f , a l 8 > s i ' q , a i r s ! th,e same,

10-23,: ' A person bouglht some ' Q I C H O d s , on credlt, the:ln~ebecam,e~ns io l~v ,en: t . !Hle 'also had other creditors" Thll 's

goods which he bouI

9 1 t l t on ' c r~ 'Ql i l t .is .sti iU i ' , n , h ispossessjon. Can these l ie r ths ' r iB lo f elalm these ' g o l odS '

b laok for Ih~ms!elf?

,An,s:: The seller of t he s :& : g o o ds : 'w~!Ue ! ~reatied as the

I r ' e s t of th e e.n[~d~to l l rs ( l .e, he , 'w,~111,a ' plr 'OrporUonatel ly 'relmbursed).

NIOTE: :

Q,. .24: At wlhatag!e is a bo:y o r g liir il :reg8,rdedas

ma,ture?

Ans:Tlhe Imatur!i i ty oif a . boy ' Is confirmed byaw'el't

dream, or by ejecj 'ing semen or by hls ,abi~i~tyO I makepr;egnantaft!eriinten:our.se. If anyo! these slgns'"dO notman~fest t he ,m IS le ~ ve s, th en hie w~~11e , re 'g ,a ,rded asbeing mature at, the ' , B ' g e of 1!5 y e , a r , s . ,

A girl:wm be ' r 1 a 'gaJdeds;s bel~ngrnaturs also at t:hs!ageo f -' 1',5 ye 'ar :s , , U:Nt . . .ES :S she menstruates, has, ,Q we tdream or beebmes pr1e lg ,nant be,fo're thils ag l e . .

Bu.i',ness ,Made E,as,y 831

, Q ' '' 2 : 6 : : If a boy or gilr~ , appe,aC ' to h,av,e reaehed matur i ty

n · , e ' . ' thsly are 011'0'99to matudty - appearto .Demature),and i i l t i:,sd~ffi:cuU tor an observer tO I confirrn theiir b e , j ' n gmature, but thley (boyot Ig ir l) olaiim 't o be mature, wil~the'~lro: la~,ms:be aocep tedl ?

A na :: Th eIr c la Jm ~ s,a o c: ep tis d a n d th e "lla .w s c) i fa . maturepersonwmappiy to t he~m . ,

N '" 1 - " R -E - - - ·N ', T ' I I I ~ N , - G " = -,3., ' __ , .., ,_ ". _

Q - 1I,: W h a t is the dei,ini t i ,on af ~jaarah l ' i(~elntling)[?

A,ns::: It I~Sthe ' , t r , a n s , 8 c U o ' n 'wh,en!bIY benef~t is rrece~v'edl ~ r I i,~ i eU i0 " an l e ·X lc han~g ,e , '?

IQ . . .2 = . A re t hle r, s ,c 'ond: i i t ionsat iac lh I9 ,dto, it s v,al: j 'd~~ty?

A,nls~ Yes, Iha' condi t l ,o,n ls that the rent l lease

(mo.MI,etaryrenumeration) and the bene'f~tare kno:wn.Q...: In exchangle for what' can one rent' outso ,m le th~n9 1? - .

A ln ls :A thing can be renlted I leased IQutf ,o l r a knownquantiity 'Qi fe"xehang,e. Whati9v ,e r ~ : 9 v . a i l ' , i , d as exohange,iin a sa~ le l i s · va lid . as an € I,xchang e,fn at rent l ~Ieas,e',agreement ..

Q..,4: The quant~ty of the ex,ch,ange ,lis,a :s;Qle r ta~nad bynumbers or we~g!ht, but how' is the bBnef,~t receiiv'edi (1roml' th,s rented' ~'~e'm )ca l lcu l is ted?'

Ans,: The benefit ls .slomletl ' ,mle·s k nown by a :s lP,ec l f~operlod, J!~kian9ntirl'ga house to live ' ther !e~nf ,o.r ,s periodfor some months or year ,s " or rentilngof land fo rIculit i lvati ingf'or a year or two., Hence, the co ntrac t 'W~U

be valid forwhatever~Jier~odspecnied ,a nd Q lg re ed

u,Po 'n .Som'9 t I lm ,e :s ,the bane~U 'wif lUbe aseertalned by

- - - - ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



labour or a verbal mlentJi 'on ,ofthe bens,fit, I l i i k e a personi s hired to dye or :se:wc lothes or ani animal i is ; h~red toc ar ry a ,s p,e lc :if~ ICload 10 a s p elc '~ U c VB'nUB'1 Q l r "o r ridiiingthers,upon fo r a s p e , c U i f c ' di is ta nc e ,. S : olme t, i,ml es the'benefiit is ,Q·SrC,e,·rts·i lnedby . s p , e : c ' i ' f i ' c , a t i i o n or i nd i i caUon,Uke hi:r i lng a person 'to , e a l l r r y 'thiis, : Io a ,d l ! O ,' food 1 . 0 1 t ih,at

place',

REN 'T IING ;HOM ,E S , S'iHOIP,S A!N'DIL,A,NO

Q...: Wha.t 'is the ru~e r ,eg,ard ing l the re,nta,1of homes

and shc,ps? ,

Ana: lt iis perrmsslble to, rent out homes for Uvingpurposes and shops for businless or m,anufactur i 'ng . ,

Q·,2: l is, it p ' 9 ' , r m lisslble fo r tihe : l lessee ( t enant ) to d l o , ashe pleases iinthe, rented Ipl lace'?

.Ans:: Yes" he is allowed to do as he pleasee, e~ce ' : ) t tblacksmlith iing , ~ ,aU lndering or m!min'g l (ii.,e . suchact~v~tliieswhfch m,a~l damaqs the, i bU iUd ing "s , s t ruc tu relo r be' a nuisance -t o ' th e ' ne ig l hbou rhood ), . None oftlh es ;e a re a U -o we d 8 ' :xcept 'w U h th e expll ic i i t co nsen t o fthe, lsasor.

Q -3 : Is it lPerm"is,s, ibhe20 le t o ut land fo r cultiva:Uon?

Alns: Vie'S" H'OW5V€l'r tHIs contract wiilll not be, valid

unless, the ~e,sse',especlf~es: what Ih e intends ~ 'a rml ing lthereon, or un l less a clonciiti,on is s ,tiip u ~ a te d th a :t h e 'Oe s se e ) can pilant whiat,s,ver h,e ! p 1 , e a s e s ; . I lrrjga,t~on and

roads which are part and essential to this I land lare .

iinc,luded iin the contract, even i, f no t specified iin thle,a~g'fe,elme,nt

Business IM,ade, E'asy1&

Q...: lis it per,m,ils:edble to rent' an open space lo f I:and',inlord1e,,r.to buUd thSIrE!lupoln o r te pll l ,ant d a t e ' $ O p a l m ' . s , o rtrsles? -

.Ans: ' Ye s ,. t hi: s h s perm"issib~e:

0-5: If'this was; done, then at the end oif the contract, .how' is, this land to be returned? .

Ans:: It is neoessary for the' I l ess :ee to dem,o l t ish h islbuUdl~n!gDr uproot h hs tr e'B S a n d return th e lan d l a s he-h,ad rece'~vedf~ , uAile,ss the ownlsr ,0" t 'he l plot chocses~ o I com lp e n s~ te ' 'the v,alue there1of, there~y' be lc lomi lh lg"Rs l o · w _ n e , r . ,Art:s'lnath/,sly" if he phaase',s he may , l l e a v ' B

Bveirything' as is,when~by' the buUdi:ng and treesbel l ' ,ongl to the one and the land to the other,

Q...': .~ I'and wall rent'ad out and the' lessor st; ipul,sied a,specd i r c person to l i iv ' G ' the ,re in . , 'w m ~tbep,o ' rmhss, ib le ,

fo r 'th e ' essee 'tIO ano 'w s om eo ne e ,lls :eto res,rde the~e?

,Ans,: 'This is iP,elrml,isslibJ's:, because , a I ' and ls notaffle,cted ,i f the user is , dlff,srent. . .

Q,, '7: What i s the ruUng regarding the ~Iess:o,rwho' I lets,out a sho~pand s , m , t e a , th a:t ~ f;a perfumle ,r hitB;,S iit,.therent 'win be one dirha,m monUUy ' , but a b lla ck sm lif hmus t pS·Y'2 : d i ,r1hams mon lth ly ? -

~Ins_:.T~is _s, vaHld , and \\,ho~ver rents l it out must. P$lY'the'slJpulated rent acccrdtc the. trade he i n dLdges in.

9~8,:~ I ~e rs !o~. lsts ou t ,a ,house f,olr a dirham monthly.

Wha, t l i S ; the rU~lngl?'

~n.s:: ,,,.Thi:,~~~~ntr,act:irs valUdf,o r Dine Imont,h l only and,F aa eu di f or 'the be da nc e" u nhJs s a s pe c:if, ic numlber o' f

montns are ,~·nentioned,. If the tenant slays, for evenone hour of: th,e month in the house the' lessor cannote y , i O ' t ' h i :m l un t i~ the , lend o f that monm, Thi:sappJfe's,toaU the' coml jngmlonths, if he lives the ' re i ,nf :or 'clne ' day



1 5 6

or an hou r, [Wbat. iis meant ha'ire ts t.nlat s~ince'the renti r s is . t lpulaled as bei j ing on a mlonthi ly b a sl is ,. t he ' '1 '9 'ssornas 't,Q·give th e I I ,ess8 19a t I,e a,s ,t.lone mo,nth 's no,t ice ,

beto l rs eVl ic t ing hlrn-trans.]

Q...9 :: A pe rson I,e ts out a hO lU se fo r a y,s'sr fo r 110dirhams, but' does, not : s p , s c : i , f y the, m,Qln~hily rental, tsth is v ,a U d?

Ans:Yes,.

Q-1 , IO :: T he Ile ssee ' has ta ken possessi l :on o f the , house ,but does no, l ' r es, id ie t h e ' r , s ' i n . . What is,t he r ul' i: ng i?

Ana : : : H , 9 m,usl:s,tUlI p a : . y th e re nt", e v·e n. ' i l f he does no,t'reside therei:nj, because he has the oppor tul j : l i t y tobens, f ' i l the ,r ,e fr ,oml~

Q-1'1:A person r:ents a ho,use~but SIOlmle,one snatohes,it a.wa·,Y'"What i s · the ru li1ing lr ,s , gaf ld i rng · the ~entall, '?

A,ns: ~ :f ii t i i :ssnatc 'hed , a'w a y b e ,' :o r e he (ie ss ,e ,e ) h as ,

r ,e 's, ided therein, · then the ren ta1, faU s aw ',ay . Ilf iitwassn a:tc he d a w,a y aft.et he re s,ide di th ere liln fo r a w h i 1 t , e ' ,then t he , I,e,s,seemust .g~ve the I r,e n ta l m a t he Ih/edlhe'rslin for and 'the ba lance f ,al,~sa .way ' .

Q\",,112:A. person rents a ho rne , bu t fr i lnds. there in ,8 fau~,twhich hampers liilviing c,ondiUons. What can he , do?

A ,ns :: H e has the r i ight to cancel,

'Q. . .13,: ' 1 l f th e house i s , des t r io ' y ' ed l In some 'way O ' I r ' th ei irr iga.t i ion ot a h ir ,e d fa rm Illand is s to p ped o r w',a· te ' rceases. Whs. t is the runng?

An.:: Thecontrect of rent is i inv,aUd.

Q~14: What is the I ru lin g r e g ,a r din g l j :o in t . . .enancy (t 'Gt

partners ' i,n a house to glive the,jlr r e 'sp€uJ :t iva pa l rt~ out:for nilnt)? '

Ans:, This is not valiid. , ( I t : w iU ho 'w ,s 'V 'e r be permiss'iblef O ir o n e partner to give, his share fo r rental to 'the athelrpartner, )

,Bus~ne'ss Made Easy

H ' I - R · · · · · , N · · · - , Q · · · O : · · · · 'F C · ' · - - L - Q ' - T H - I E S : '_ - ~ I ' .. - ,.. ., . ~ .. . i . : . . : : _ - = . = .

Qw l : '.14 . _ J ? l e r - ; S l o n . ~Ih 'es: c l f o t : h l r n g fo,r wela~~ng Can he, a ' . ' ow s om eo nle , e lis e to w'ea.rr it?

A l ns :~ _ y e ~ _ . , ~!ow e v~ r if it, ~ .s s : t i· pu l .a ted that a , cena1inI~i~ ', r ,s 'onmus~t . '~ear_. l l t.~and ' h ie , a llow .s someone e ls ie to '

.wear ~It'cthenthe ~:~I,PUI!atederson win' I b i s , respo,ns ib lefo.rany damlages b f occurred') on the Ic ' l,othes . .

HllrRINGOF' A 'WET- :N IURSE ,

Q"'~11_::~s.it per:mli.:s,siblle to hire a e,t .. nurse to : suck l le~~~?

A n i • .. , : Vle.~,st ts p~ermiss : ib , l le for .a - S " ~ , tl i' p ,U · - - 1 1 2 1 ·. " t - a d - , ' e · : - . ' · e . ' . . . ' S . · . - - ' h ' . . - . . . .I •. . . . . . . - . . _ '. - - - . , ' . . . . c : : ~ if l· . . 1·- ~g.- ' .. ..~ .. I 1 19' liS

h lr ,e d . .8 : 1· 8 0 ,in ' l ieu o t tn s cl lo thes and ' food- Iha-t :~h.'

pmvldEls tor th~.baby. The wet-nurse has to~eto ~ h :!ood. of the ,ch~ld" · 8 1 S this is oo,mlm,on~'v ' part , o , f h~r'slerv~ces" :I _ ~

Q...:,?~ncth~ p~rs;?n hiringl t he , w e ,t . .nurse, Plrevent her~_u.s,ba~~~r '~m_~.~ 'Vl rnr~ c~nt,elro'~,ursewithher, during hert~ . rm ? f ~~n~ra.CIt?B e c B 1use If she CQnceh l ' l e s ,~ her mii'I'lkw : I U I be , unsuJtab~e for ,sue'kUng).

An,s,: This cannot be done (l.e, she, cannot be 'plr'~¥e~~edfrolm h e r h iU . s ba n d ), .H , g ;w e ve r , if she doe , s

c~nc~',~ve" th e, p are nts of th e c hiill'd whoml she fa,suc lkhng l c an c a.n ce ,~ h e r contract. -

~"',~':'A we:t- 'nl~:rs,e has hir,ed herself to suckle a certain~hll i ld.! 'o'r . ,a .~_,en,o~._._The~l_.h e gave t he c h ii il td g , o, at s mnk .Is she nghtfull tor her 'fee?

,Ans: iN~,__he Is not. , 8 , e ' c8u8,e she' did not f:ulfm whatwas due' f ro iml ne l r .



B ' U S ' I '" ' n ' I I i! ! I i o S - s " M - · a · d ·ft I E - ' ! l l ! ! i i s " Y ', ': I ' I !i ii r _ : . . I I·_ ·~ '' '' '" -' A·- =-, . .. .

HIRING, AN, ' I ,MIALS

IQ. . . : What is, the I r u l i e "eglard ing 'h i r ing animals flor

riding and t l r , a n s p o , r t l n g g'o,ods?

Ans':Th~:s lB p , e ' r lm i ls s l b r h ; ! : ~

I Q . ..2:,,Aperson hlres a camel to' carry a sp,sc' i t: ic I ',o,ad lo,ftodder, T h , i i : s camel" eats theref ro,m durl l 'ng the tlfip andthe, ' Io,ad d e C l f" i e , a S i l !' s , . h s it pB' rmi ,ss lbl ,e forth:& le s s:e 's to ,

i nc re a se ' t hi, s , I lo ,adupon this camel?

An,s: Yes, he can increase the, load as much as this,

ca ime ll a te '. ..

0-3: ,Someon,s , hi,red an a n i i' m a l ll to r ' r i i d i n g , . but g,a'V,ethe

ride to som,eon l s else. ts it vaU d? -

A n l s , : : I l f ' the' a g l r e e l m e n l t 'of contni,ct W , B ; S fo r rid~ng,~henhe can give whoever he, wiehe's,to rlce. I:fat the' ' t ime'

of contract it : is ,specified ,t ha t th is h l i r ' e r ' hi lmsel f must,rldeand he , t g i,V" 9 :S :I , to' someone else~11hen if (hiean i,ma l ' Pe i ri i~ shes ,f he ' ' t t i , r l s r t s re ' ,spons lb li ll e . ,S~miilady,to rany usage whi~tch d iffe ,r s fro m ,a g ire e d t e m m s , .

Q -4 ': I lf ,8' p e rs on h il r : , S :S ,a n ,anim,a~ t ' O I ' carry a , :s ip 'Bcif i iCload of IS sp~cilic typle' 0 1 ' Q 'o io d s; leg,. He, hinad it , tocarry l' OOk'g o,f wheat, . w m lt be pel ' lm,i ,s,sibJefor ihlim to'~Qad ' the! ' rsup !on t h i s , weigh t : o ,f another , o o m l m l o d i t y ?

Anls: : It.wi~nbe permis5I ibh5~' tor h i l m , to load th,sreuponany1t hi ng , wh it c! hi s s 1 m l i i 1 1 a r i n ' tlullk t o whe,8 t ( in this,

l examp te )1 o r lees than t . ha. t~ 1elg.barl l ,ey" ses,omls' etc, Hecannot l o a r d anythiing b u l l , l k i i ' e r than w h e i a t . ; , Il'itk!e.salt o r

lead, For exalmp'le~ if he hlred the , B , n 'im l c d t o carry , 8

, ce ,r ta in we i ,gH t , 0" cetton, he : c:anno,t t lo1adthereupon the

st ipu la . teCJ weight o· fs tee l ,

~

- ..



IB U is ln ess , M a de E ,a sy

HII,RIINI'G O IF SUIC, 'H ilT'EMS

WHEREIN THERE rs O'B :ED ' IE ,NC:ETO I AL,LAH TA~ALA A ,NID WH'E IR IE ,

'T 'HE,R.E liS 'DI"SQIIBIEDIE'Ni 'CE.

,Q w 1,: What lis the rulling I r , e ' g a J d i . n g the hb' ing l 1 0 i f 'mlus,1IC

and mourners tor a lunerrcd?,

Ana: Thi ls is, not lP,srm:i :s :s' ib l, e ,. nor i,s the h ilr in g o f,anything, s , j l m U , a r whi ,ch Is in d i sobed i ence to' the I la 'w o.Ana,ah Ta' ala,

'Q . .2: What is the I I,aw r e g aJd ln g i ' hli ir in g someone forAzaan, Iqasmat or someone to tutor Qur( ,san Sha'reef

o r H I,a U?

Arns: Th[~ is, [aalz, (For more de ' ta l lhs on thi,s, issue

refe r' 1 0 , F :a taaw iB IRash ii di a and Shaalmii , ) or

No 14. R ,ENUM iE ,RAT I , 'ON O'F ANEMIPL,OYEE

0-'1: IH,ave the IFuQaha. c l ,assU ied employees into,d if f, er e nt ' ca te g o rr ie :s , lin r espec t to the' i r t ype o lf wor ik, and du ti ,e s?'

An~s,:Em,p loy1ees, are 1 0 1 f ' 2: t y pe : s, : Mush ta lr a ,k ( c ommon

amp 'lo y ,e e ) a n dKhaas (spec: i 'B I I Ie:mpl,oyle:e).

Q-2: What i~ s , M u s 'h ta r ak 8 'mp il :oy,se?'

Ans':: He ls that, person who, doe's 'whatever work i:1

g iven to hi lm, . IHie, i's I no ,t rest : r i ic ted to one employeeonly, ~i lke 'one who d~es or ' w ' IB s h e ls , c 1 I o th e , s , . The' goodsg liven to h ilm l is ill trust lin hls hands, If the' , B , r t t c ; I ' 8 Is

Bru,siness :Ma,de Easy '71

destroy,ed whn::st i i n l his possess.ionl then he isre sp on slb la t:o ,r it.

Q 4:: 'W ha t if the g l oods ! h e . is ,w 'o lr kin g o n is des , t ro .yoddus to an action 'of his, Uke,a w,asherrm,an tear1ing: the,' ga rm1ent by washingl i i i V'i,golr iOll is:ly o r If a person wholis,Ipaid to ca rry a IO iad , , s l i ps ,and d rops it etc, '?

Ana: .I I the alr t ic!~e'ls destroyed t hen . 'the labourer lsrespornsiibllefor the 2Ir t ich i ' . How,everl he ls notresp ,ons i 'b l l , e ,'for any human be in g who n l , B ' Y have d~edor been i lnjured due to an action his.

Q ' -4 ,:W 'h a t i!s a Khaas ,e'mpI1o,yeep'?

Ans , : IHe is, that person empl,oyed to , wo~k to r th eemp ,loYE !! e, fo r a s p e c ii ln e d p e r lo d , llk a h ir in g a servant .o r s ,h e p lh . er d f,or a , m l o n t lh l ,, ,

Q..5: 'What about t h e ' r'€ 1 ) , s p c n s i i b U i r t y · ot that which is

deslf,oyed by hiis a,c tion '?' -Ani.: Hie ' i,s no t re:siP:ons~ibl,e f , o i r what t s ,d le s lr o 'y e dwhU:$,t :i;n his care or by his act ion, unless he hade ,xc e,e de d th e U m itts an d c au se d h arm by pUl r~pos ie~

'Q~1':' E:xpl,aintlhe, de,tails reg,arding th~ rl'ghts oflooJmiplensalion?'

A'-:-s: !he .r lemunren '~ io ln of tbe common lemlp l ,oyee(Mushtarak) is, :not due until he has comple,ted hista~k~ The renums'r,at ion ,o'f ' ths ' sp le1c ia :1 -eim:p l .oyee(IKh8,aSi) ' i s , due when he,has ,submitted hli:mlself ·duringth e d ju ra l'~ o n o f hi i :s.l emp~ loymen l , e'ven ii f t he i e rmp lo ,y e -rh as n ot e xtra .c t,s d B!ny work f rom Ihim.. -

Q_-2 ' :W,e l need "tiD I le ' a. rna f' BW ' mo re, detai : ls o t th e rig htsof ~enume'; rat i :on, . -Sura:l'y the' scope af hi i r ing andr ,e n tin g ~ :sV,8St and one difle:rsfr,omtlhe o the r? ' -

IB lusi i ln less [MII,de' I l !a,sy ' '72,



Ains: 'C :o imlpensa t ion i s n o t biindl~ng I m , e 1 r e l y by thecontract, It is discharge, able by one , o f three w,ays:1/,Ei ; ther by p, lac ing , a - , c l o , n d i : U o n Q , f f i expedii i t i 'ng pa,Ylment ,

o r2 1 by expedit,ing pa ym is n :t ' wi th o u t it being a condition,or3l by the hand i ng l over o r completlon o f ,he contracted

commodlty, Hereunder are a, f,g'WmO ll!'le d e t , s ; , U s , u .'1[. If' a, house ,is [ I , e t out" then the les,slor can requestrent on a dai'llY basls, unless the time, of p aY lm en t iis ,s tip u]a te di in th e a ,g re em en t ..2 ~ [If an , an ima!1Iis , [h: i red out, t hen the owne r o f the, a n : i! m I B , 1m 1 8 1 Y ' e q u e s t h~Sife e a t e v e r y ' sta ' t ion.:3,. lif a , b ake :r is , hlred t O I bak,e in the l e ' m p l o y " e ' r s ~ 1 houseat a ra ta of o ne d ir ha lm ,8 'kg baked, tbetee ls olfl[~,Y'due'whe ,n the bread ls t aken out 0,1 f h e , oven .4,. A p E H ~ s o ln i s hl i r ,ed tO I I m , a k , e b r f c ' k ' s . , The' f E U ! is I O l n , l y

due ,whe ,n the, b d c[k s a re presented ..Q·'3,:A cook ls hii~ed1 0 , cook for B , W , a l j' jl m a . , When l i :5 his1 ,es due '?

Ana:: IH lh~fee is,due B.ft.e'r'the! f ,c,od Is d ii: sh ed ou t to theguests, as 'th~sis I c o , m m o n l [ y ' part of his dut i ies.

NOTiE ,: ,A n y labourer who I ,abours over an itemtl nke ' acl,oth-dYiB'r or a wBshenm,an , m,ay' wUhho,ldthe'oOlmp[I 'e, ted i i teml U 1 n ~ n p.aymlent ls, r ,ece!i lved~ That '~.abour-erwhose ilabour has no, effect on 'the ac tua l li i t . 9 Im" canno t wrfthho, ld the i i i t e 'm tor hiis f ,s 'e" U !ke a'tl ransIP 'o 1 r 1 e l r , seaman ( sh ip n a lv i'g a to t) s 'tc .,

.

SO IM ,E CQ'N'DI,T'IONS A,NOI

DIIF'FEIRE,NCES B,ETWEEN THELESSO'RAND 'T'HiELE,SSEE

Q,. .'1:::it ,8 clC,ndition ls p l [ a , c , e d upon tt:re tabourer that heaU:end personal l , ly to t,he task. can ' 1 1 1 9 labourer e n g ! a g ' B '

someone eh;,eto do 'i t for tilim'?

Ans: No,

Q..2 ,: I f the ta .sk i:s , s p e c : i f r : i t e d , bu t th e condiiit i,on statedabolve . s no t mlent ioned?A,ns: Then fhls I,abourer ma ,) !' e ,n g la g e someone ,~~se,o

do the , j 1 o ' b .

Q-3: W ha t. is th e ru lin g I I it is ,sai t l to~he,a il :o r : l i l t you sewth is , g a rm :e n t in P e 1 r s i a n , ,sty le , 'y o u w i l l i g et o aa d ~l1 la m" b utilf y o u s ew ilt : in R om an sty le In'en 2 c ; ti rh ams ' ?

Ans:Th i , s , lis v , aUd .Whatever sty!le' I 1 l e aews ' i t : 'i n he'wlll[r ec e ~ ve th e a g : r e e , d l fee, . ,

Q..4,: ' 'What 'i f ii, i, s, sa ~d to th e tai ler :, I f l [ f you s e'w 1fttoday,I , wl i l [1pa.y Y 'o u o ne diirhalm, bu t II I you do 'it tomorrow,then 'ilh dirhsrm'?

Ans,: ' 1 l h , e s i B ,conditions ara v , a l , i d and the approprlstefe'~, WhlilCh is ag l reed l upon is d i u e " .

Q~&: .A person g l i v e : s c loth to a ta '~ lo ,, , ' O l f ' a ' c l , o ' t h . . .dY'le:r ' .,'The ta lUor sew,s ii t o r th e dyer dyes , lit There,aft ie,r ,8

diispute arises betw'sen th,e' I l aboUl re · ; and the hiirer~The h l~ r e r s ,a y s~ 'I lol,d y ou to ,SIS'W a Jacket' I ' but y ,ou,se we d a sh :'irt." Thll' - taUo,r sa , ys : ~I [U , d i a s 'y ,a u n~ 'qu ,e , s ted(te., you asked f ,Q , r ' , a . Shli l rt,t. Or the' hire,, ' says to t h e

dy :e 'r : ' ~ [to , ll d you to dye, il l r'lrd and you mad, e i tyel l ' I 'o'w "I'

Who!,. vie w s ih o,u lld be tak,en .. th'e h i r i e , r lo r the l

I l aboure r?



Ana:: 'The hrir te:r~s s,tat:te,mlent li s a,cc,lopt,ed w'ith his oath,II'f he' t a ~ k , e ' s , an oath, then the, ta~I IOl r lorr dyer f i i s ,

rrespornsible., If the, hir'e'r' wiis'hs'$, he can hold the,tabourer re:sponsible for ' the value 0 '1 the,c:~oth only,be,folre li t was, wor :ke ,d e r n, a nd t he ! ~,abourrerr g'e ' ls n o 'fe efa,r his: tef l~olrt , . AU'lerna'ti'Velly'~ the hi re, l r 'may tak,e hilS, a r t m : c ' i e for the ,8'greed fee,. HtS I cannot chtsnge the

a g . - , - ( , n e - : · d ' : p · ~ l " i i : C · · 9 'g....__-1111,. •

Q!~6:What I r ' u : l i n g , should be gi,ven i, f the ownelr' ot thec to th sa y s t:o ;'th e ' I;a, 'bourterr::Y ou d id th e w ,o r'k fo r fre ,s . ,!'A n d 'th e , la bo u re r says that he did il t ' lor a 'f,o!e'?

Ans,,: A,ccording to Imaam S,ahelb I (~) I the',statement o , f t he ' h~rer is tak'sn with hiis oatlh~

,Aooording 10 lmaam Abu ' Y u s u , ' f ( rW i t & ~ i .b ' 1 i1 ) " i lf iit is then orma l I P,r ,a ct:iic e,o r f t he : t1 li re ' lrt o dea,~wilth this I labou;rer 'wftha fee!, then he has to giv,e' the ' ft ee o , thenv is r9 not,

ACioo , rd ing to , Irnaam M u ha mlm la d ,(~ ), if th el aboul re : r ' nO l riman,Y d i oes , ' tl h i: s w'tork . fe r ' a fee th en hiss ta tem,en t . I i 'S a.cc ,s 'pteidt with an o ath ,

THE I IN'VA,L,'ID'AT'IO"N OF ARENrTALAGREEM"ENT

I Q i ! I ! , 1 1 : : : 1 1 1 : ene of fhe contractors djte,s" does the coinlractlo f r e nt e lm rema,in'?'

An:sr : ' Il f th le ' contrac t w 'as fo r pe rrsona~ benefit ,of: thedeCQ:8s led , then it :inv,all,idates., Il f " { h i e , de;al W8,S 1:01'ano t he r Iperson, te,g,. ' Th e , d e c e a se d W'8S, ac;t ln,g as a'representativs'or guardia:nl, ths,n the contlraoi i,s s , t mva llid ,~ .

Q·2: C an l a rental agreem~nt: be inval i i idated becauseo ,f ,8 v alid r ea s on ?

Bus inGSts M,sde E,asy '

,Alns:: Yes, Fo,r example, a person rents a shop totrade '~nand hls ' g l oods are des, t r tolyedr . , Or a p e'r8 o,nwho is a. leseor of a house or sho,p becomasi i- 'nso:lvent, and he r has rdebtswh11Ch can lo,nllYbe'rep~,idwlith this Irental- l then the j ludge' wU l ~'nv,aJid.ate his nanitallag l r eemen t and seU hils house air shop in o ,rd ie r to

r ep a y ' h is , d e bts .Q- :31: :A p ers on h iire s, t an an i lm lsJfo r a jl ou r ~ e y~ t he n hi:s;

trra.ve~plans ohange. Is this a valid , e X C u . 9 , e ' ?

,Ans:: Yes, thi,s is <rorm atmong,s ' t the vaUd r e a , S I o n s , for

i inval ' i rdatl i lng a rents'l 8 'Qree'm tent. ,

Q -4 ,': A , person h lre s ,o ut, h js a nim a,'1 to some, tlraveUe~s:~or he, a, lg r tees, to talke a person w'iltih him and mount hlmupon h~s Oesso,rs,) ,anl~m,al" then the le~sor,9 planschange., ICan he C'tance'l the I len ta ll con t ra re t?1

Ans: Thiis e ,x ,ic u se i ls not valtdto can ce l th e contract,IHlehas, to send the ani mall with the I les:sees.

, FAAS , ID .AGRE ,EM :E ,N 'TS I D I U , I E TtC'CO,IND'ITI,ON::S,

!Q · 1: : I s a r en ta l , B 'Q l ro 'e :m le n t'r sn d er ed Faa s ,'i d b e c au se,o,fconditions p!laoed ths l reupon?'

d F "'d- " t ' l - h t"h ..A1ns,: Vas,.• it wUI be ' rends ' re t_ -aasx WI, 1 ~ _ : ··_'08,8!

c on dittio "n s - wh i:c ,", a re n ot nlecs:ssilta:t,ed, by ' th e c on tr a ct ,

j lus,t I r i i ! k e a contract to f s8.lewtou i ld alsc be r en de r edF ' O l das ',.

Q-,2,: II the contract is ren,dlered Faa,sid afte,r thel a J b , o ' U r e ' f has done his wo,r!k, the' reu-pon, ! what ruling isto be 'Ql iv tsn fa , r '~heh i n 5 l ! , r ?

,Alns: H ie h , a s , to g, lve the, ;stipullated fee sf1d not change ,i t , .

IBusiln.ss'Mad le Easy'7'S 77



C:O 'ND IITI ,O · 'N O 'F OP 'T lli'O 'IN I I IN

RENTAL AGR.EE,ME, IN·T

Q:.., : lis, l a . c ond ii ti io n lo,f option valid ror a, I rental ,,a, [g!n~ lemlenl :?

A,ns· : : Yes, j u sm I li k e ilt ji G vaUd to r a t ransact ion of sale..

No 1,5., rp [ART 'NE!RSHI I IP,S

Q-1: What iis a partnership'?

A,ns:: It is the comblnation 'of ,2 (persons) we,a~th(shares), i'n such a way ' that one :~,sot distingu:ishablefrom lhe other. Eithelrthle 2 partners vo~unlarily'( ilolimbiine their shar,as" or iris an i:nvoJuntarycombination afsha:res,~ lik.e i' f ,b,oth of the'm ~nheriit!edor'the w'lealth was gi f t [sd to the two , 0 " 'them. I O ' r the

w,e'alth 01'ons 'o 'f them ii:s mixed wU h tha t o f · t : h e · o;this 'rs"wiithout any labour invoh/ ied l (l.e, it ' ils onllY' theco'ml~b[ilnl,a:tiio[n o f m,o .n i'e ,s ,~no t I ,abour) , in such a w 'a :y - tha, tthe , s i h a l r e ' of one becomes i lndi,s,ting'iUlishable from thalo't[her.

Q-:2 ' : Exp ' ~ a :i n th e t y p e ,s , of:partnerships,

An!s,:, Par tne rsh ip ~is o·f t,wo : tYpes: , 1). lmlaak(p a rtln e ;r sh iiiP in a pr ,ope r t y or thin!g).2). Uqood (par tne rsh i IP ' in b u sln .e s s ) . .

Q4:: What ts ~mllaa~k?Alns , : ,A :ne ,xamp' le o f i[ t willi be if 'WID pa r sons in lh le rit a n

i : te:m air they pu rcha se an iii-em ,I then they becomepar tners in that ac t ua l i i t .elml,s;uoh t h at : I bo t h of them 8 I re , .

, ow ne rs t he 'f eo r f. .

0-4:: Wha,t j:$' .he I!aw r eg la rd ing thi·s, type ofpa.r1Jners!h~p?'

A'ns: The· la,w i, s that ~tls not Iper ,miss . i~b le f O l r e a c h olf

the parmers to deal, in the 'share ,of the other, except'with hilS consent, 'Each partner ifS l lik,e a, :s . t rangerf ie g ,a r cU n g t he share o,f:he other partner.

'Q-5': What is 'Uqood?

An.s: ThiS is div' ided ilnto, f ou r ty p ce ,s . E a ch l 01n8: has

different I I,BWS,:1),.[Mluf.aa,wadha., 2,). lnaan, '3). ,S'a[naa"l.4).,W'ujoo~

Q,,'8: IExplain the p1artn,ershi:p 0" Mu fa .,a .w 'a dh a s in d tho,l a ,ws pelrta,ining to ' it,

,AnSi: Tw o persons ente ir lnto ·a palrtn.ershi::p" 'wh,e,reth ey c on b- :itlU ite e q'U ,a U y . T h eir s ha re s and debt is , a reequal. This, par tnl ,s rshi ip ' c:·onvD:ke!s pO'war lo f attolrneyand reprssentatlon (l.e, [ O I I I 1 , [ e c a n rep~e·sent'theot'hsrand s , t:and , gua ran te·e ! for the, l o th e 1 r) .,Wha te 'v e r le a c h of

the 'm purchases wUl i be fo :r the 'pa, r tne 'rshi lp e;xc:ept:their personal and ialmily food, c~olthes etc, Whatevelrdeb t th e Onl!l [p ar tn er iln c:uI rs" I re 'gard ing Ihoss' ' r te !ms i: nwh~chthe'fe is partnership, th:e'other partner il s ,equal ! lyIr'9s:poln,sfble ,(for paymlsnt) ..Thlis type, of partnership, is

lpermlissib' l ,e b:etw,een matu re, sane MusUms,. It: i is notperm!issibba' between a free person and ,8 . slave norbetw'eena:n iimmatureand Mls. t ,U l rs pierson, norbetween a,M u ,s U m a nd Kaa,f i r : .

Q,. .1 ' : : TW'lo persons contract a partnershiip' [ o l f

Mluf,aawadha.. Then lone o,f the two inherits suchw'ealrth~ which can bel (and is) ~ncluded intih,e

partnersblp, Or he lis ' g j : f t !eds om [e th ii ln g w h iic h he takespossesslon ot, Does ' t i h . i s partnership s ' u n remain ·the

sa· ~ 'm c e ·~ · ? .~. _ • " I !I

Aln ,s : No,w the [pa,r1! :nershi ip o f Mufaa ,wadha is in v,a U d~

andi [i t 'w iJ 'I !become a partne rship of tnaan,

78 ,Bu.s i ln,e .ss , ,M . a de E a s y 79



Q..5 : : lis th len~ a r t l Y o th e r c io n dU i on " olther th a n w h a:tw :a sm,enlioned, fo r the 'va., l i id it,yof Mufaa :w ,ad lha?

,A n ,s :: ' Y es . M u f a ia w a d h a can lonl 'y be cQ,ntracted 'wirthdirhalmls, d li ln a .r s , (g , o' ll d a n d , S n V 1 s t ) , o r cash money,N,ot!hling, bes'ides th i is, except if peopll:.e trade in suehthings as gold ,s ind s~i:'liV'lelr'n1ug'glats, ,etc." thenpalrtnslrshiip w~lthhesewUI be'v,edid.

Q'..6,: U:two persons have, no golld" silveir or m o n S ' Y ' 1'they have, merch a n d ls e , How can 'they form apar tne , r sh ip if 'they d e s iir e t o'?

A ,n ls :: On e o lf th elm l sans Y2 hi i ,s 'g :o,odsfo,r 1 /2 o f th e ' o t he rpersons goods. Then tlhe,y contract a pal1ne 'rship '"

Q - 1 7 , : 'What is lnaan?

An 's ,: 'T his 'is when tw ,o p e r so n s f,or'm a partnershlp il na spe,clfic type 0" oo ,mmod i t y lo r in la , Igrenerall (notspecilf i;c) com.modi i t y '~

,a~8:: 'What is th e I l, aw I re lg a r' d~ n g l thi,s type o lfpartne,rship?

Anis: : Thi ,s i ,s pe i rm li :s9 ib lle . t t c o nv olk e s lrep,resenta-ll ionan d no t p'o,werr 1 0lf a tto rn e y (,g u alr an to [s hiiI IP ). This ,means that whatever each one 0" the 1m l b U y s 'for thepartnershlp, this, value thereof ls so'ught f r om, hlrn (bythes,eUer), and no t trorn the o, ther par tne r , I H i e , (m !h~spartner who blolught, the ,goods) oan thero'a:fter !cll,aimthe, appropriate share fO J these g o o ds , frolml th e o, thelr

partner ..Whatev,e· r debt ls i ncur r , ed by' the one partner,the other is not he~diable,

'Q..g, : tis e xce ss o n the pa r t ot o ne p an ne r valld in th is ,t ype of partns'rship o r is la qu aU ty a , n e c'6 s:s U y?

An:s,: BOlh~ excess and equatity' are v , a n d , , ' EV'e~n

excess in prof' its is va1lid-fror one of the partners if the.re~seqlus1;ity in shares.

-

Q-10': 1 :8 it: pe·!r!miss:llb,lle, 'olr th,e partners to contract thepa r t neJ r sh li p 'w it h on'I,Y somis , of : th l8 ' i r w '6 a lt h, a ln d no t a~~?

An:s: Yes,

IQ-1.1: :Wl i th what is this, partnership v aUd?

Ana: It ' i s , val l idw:t ' th what 'W'8S [ment ionled t,erMufaa,wadha, l.e, , go l l d , :sUver, cash or wha'ts've,rpSlorp:l,e de a l i ln, l i i i ke!n u , g g : e ' t s , e tc ,

IQ...1,2:: li s t:his, J P,a rtn elr sh ,ip y an d if one pa:rtnercontr~bute·s , g o ~dand the, o th e r s U v e'r? '

Alns:: Y,8!S ..

Q...13:, What if both their shares or one is destro,yedplrliolr to t he·i ir ' lPu rchas~ 'n ,g a1ny t .h j .ng r?

Ans,: 'The [p IB .r tne·rs lh ip ls i ,nivaUd.

Q...1 1 , 4 ' : Wh .a !, r uli: in g w U l : be given i, f c ,ne l o f t he ,ml

p urc na se s s om ·e tlh in g with h iis s h a re and the we ; a~ th o fthe other hi dle :s . t r oy 'ed,befor'9 he can bu.y sny th i i ng?

A:ns:, The purchased Igo,olds WI]U be betwlsen them, asthey had agreed in 'the~r IPQlrtnershipl agreement. 'Thebuyer 0 , 1 the g:oods can claim from tho: partner hisshare ,of~he'value , 0 1 : t h is , g , o ods bought.

'Q,..1S:: 'Two persens Jntand ente r ing rn1, io sn Inaan' pa , r t ne ! r sh~p"bu t ~hey do not (phy,sj ic,all ly) oo'mbi,ne theirs h ar es ,. lis this v aUd? '

Ans: Yes, ln lnaan, the phy:s , i :cal combinationaf

we aU h lis no , t 8. cond iUon - .

Q...16 : Two l persons con t rao ta pa,rtner,sh ip o 'f maan,and the one partner sp lec if ile ,s , fo r h l m : s H e U a s p . e c 1 l n C

amoun t Q f d i r hams (sa l la ry?) . What is 'th e I 'a .w ?

,A'ns:The pa.r tne 'ns lh i IP' is not. vaUd in th i ,s , i ns t;ance . Hec an . 'o n ly re'cei!ve from th e prolfit ' wha t they hadp rsrc on diU on ed in th eiir ,agrree'ment.

Bus' i lness Miade Es.s ,y 80 Bu :S ! ll _1e rss Made 'Easy 8 '1 ·.



Q...· 7 :. W h s .t opUOln ls i do this, partners h 1 Mllfaawadhaa nd 'i ln aa n have r e ga r d ing , I .h l s ·i i: rpa . r t! n .e r sh lp?

.Ans:: It is . perm~,ssib~e·o,r each o,fl the ' l P · a 1 r l n e r s in a

Muf ,aaw,adh ,a and 'I:no an to i ln iVetstthei i r we a lith and

I P ~ a c e iiit a s a sU en~ pa.rtnersh~p.H,e' rna.) ' B'uthiori ,se ~n dI smpow 'e r someone ' toadmiin i 's ter it'H,e m,ay pa .wn lit. o r,giive

it in I U e u 0 , ' a.pa .wn. . He mayle a.se 1ft

' ou t1 ( l i f ' i, t

tssuch that can be leased out)~ He ' m·ay seU it lor cashor credit.. Each pa. l1fner i;sa trustee for the other.

Q...1'8 : W ha t is ,8 p a rtn e ni,h ip ,o f S a n aJ l"i?

, A: ns .: . A n e , : x 8 . 'mple 'Oil h i i s wou ld be :ift.wo!tail,ors o ,r

clothe-dyers. torm ,apar1nership l on l ' :h i. s ; pre:mlse __hatbo~h o f them l wi!I. '~ ,aocept wOirkand Ihe: i r , Is: ffolrts,

(ea 'ml ings , t hen i tf fi o lm) ' w i li il b e · shared~

Q~119:Wha . t i ,1 nec 'Glrs:saryfb.r I'ach le d the~m?

Ans:Whateive:fwD,rk

eachlo f t hr e,m

accepts, w~1IIbeb1nd i~ng .upon both o f th em , 1 .0 execute i~t..

Q~,IO'~If ' one ,of I.hemex:ecute,sa certaln job on hj~sl o w n , . ls h e w on .h yfo !r th e profit t her , so f I b y h iml se .l f?

,A'n,s: N . I O , h,e, , can lno t ta k .e iiI fo r h im f: s'e '!~ :. Instead the;ir

Eilrarniin,gs «l I re to be s ,hared e'qu8.I I I :y. ,

Q . - 2 1: : Wha t i isthe: par tn,ershi ip O lf Wujlool?

A:ns:, This is wh,sn t.wo pen50ns f· ,o·rml ,E I partner~shipwhs, re each o f titl:lsm buys ' Q ,Qods by ' us ing , h i s .~·con t .a .c t . s '

andbecause ,of hi~5~'influence'andl Ig ,o ,ed

r epu l aUonJ I .Then ' th e ' ) .' s e i l l l l, lhas, fa: ~g iDod5 . ,There Is no~nn:ia!ii nvestm,en t by either off i them, Th~s type ofp 'EU1n(~ns:h l i p i . s ,perimfssibl,s. Each o f t he . par tne rs li s a .I repr 'Bsentat i .ve f 1 t u ~he , ot tJ le : r i nwh la t he had"

purchased ..

Q' .22 : w m excess iin p'r,of i : t (for eUih ,er of the!m l)' be

permli ,sslbtle?

Alns:: EXloess in l prof i1: f ,o !r ' onle -(),f th,e, par tners is notperm.bs;lib~e,in thiiS type 01 partnershi,p. If · t hey t I .g lre: lr

from the o ns ,e t o f the IPartnership that t h , e ' i i r pu;rchasissw~Ube equal" then thesamewii~i Srlpl,' to, Ih,edr :p ' fo· fi~s ,..f th e,~ r p urc ha se s w 'iU Ib e ':3 : ·1 i~ .h en 2h b; ra ti lo w'i lll a ls oapp~ytothe~r rofi tsL,

Q..'3: What ts 'the I I: sJJ \ !"re 'ga rd li in g p ,a .l r1ne lr , sh i ip ing a th e 'r ~ n g wood i, g r, a. s ;: s a n d hunti~ng? -

Ana: IParttn~Ef~l l rs~hip~nth.e!se are not ~u3'miis,s,iilble:.Whatever sI8Ch of th em l g a th e r: 8 (w()od) ,grass I Q , r nlunt)

w :m be fo!r'him and not for t he ' partner, ln Ihese· ~tems,thscre is ; n o, p ar tn e!fs h:lp in th e goods n o r i'nthe iP'r,olfit

'Q '-.24,: ,One person owns ; a donk .ey and , another o'wns8. bUG:ke ' t . They torm ,3 ,palr lners.hii lpI~n~he'draw~n,g o f w 'a te r ( froml a ·we]I).The'y · th e'n s el~

th is w .a te 'r to th e p ubU c,. [H ow w iiiU thbs be shared

a m o n g s . t · t l t " u 3 m ? · ls this. type o lf p a . r t n e . r s , ! h l p petmis,sibJI ,ein th e 'f ir s,t p la ce ?

Ana,: N,Q" t h : r r S t yp lQ o , ~ :pa . r1ne rsh~p ls notvalid,

Q -2 !::. 'I lf on e , 0 " I h e 'm '& ; I ' i i v 'e s p e op ~,e w ate ·r to , dr:iinkfromthe f i E i u s u l i t of this; do,"~eiy ,and ib u o k . B it U i. f a , : h e dr,aws thewa .te r from thew ,eU ) .. H o w ' 'w iili~ 1th e I r , e s u l l t a l n t i P ' f i O f i 1 : beB:har ,ed ,amion'glst t:h!6'm?

Ana;: Tt ,H8 en t ll re profit w in be' tor the one wh o , g a vle t he ,water '1:0d,riink. ~ f the one 'who dre'w the w·aterw8.s m h e ·

owner lofthe donk.ey.,then he' s h o u l l ! d j comoensate ~he:

owner of ·the bucket the, ,approp'iri8ts! amount t i h i , i ! t :

wou ld n Q r m , a d l ly bite Qliven fo r th e hire , o l r the bucket.And i i i f th ,e dra:wer ofthe w,a ter was the own e r ot theIbuc.ket~I h !en he must give tih,e owne'f o f ~he donk:eiythe a p'p ro jp 'r ia .te h ir in g f'a le f,o ,r t h e donkey.

" Q . . . , 2 : 6 : : ' T 'w Q I p er so ns o :o ln tfra ct!e d a F fU~U~ : i dpartnershipand ea r ned pror~fth,e:refrolm. IHow



Sh,ould thiis pr!o'fi!tbe dl ,s t ,' r "i ibuted amo'n 'Q ls t them?

An.: ~tw ' U I be d'islriibut,ed pro'pol1'ioncds, to the'i lr capitalinvestment.. Any ,cond~t' iion that th,ey' Imlay have m,ader e ,g : ar din g , , on e , of the,m getting a b ig ge r sha :re wir'l l beiinvaUd~

'Q-2,7: Oan one ,o f the partners I ,Uve Za'k,a,at f romrt ihe '

tl h - r 'l s sh·c

r e · · .?,'0 J_e" S 5, ..8 I . . . : .

A'n IB , : This: cannot, be done excep t with the c io n-s en t 0 "'thel other partner,

, .Q,.. .28,: If each partner ,cons,ents, to the ' other to

discharge hi's Zakaal and ea,ch of them gives theirown Zak,aa.t: and that o' f 'I,he 'o tha 'r partner, I s ' t l ier 'QU a l b f l ' n t y Io n 'eHhs lf ' side' (for th e duplicat~on,)?

A!ns:: A,ccording tO I lmaarn Saheb (I~J) the onewh o 'Q l8 ,ve s ec on d 'is resip,onsiibl,B (l.e, h e w il ' 1 i1 ,have to

oompensa,te the other partner fo,r ' the'~IOS·S~)i'

whelhsrrhe k n r E ! W tha t hi s partner had giv,e,n the' Za,k,a"at o r not,AcoorcUng to SaB,'h l ibain , (r ,ahma tuUah i r a , la i h jlma )r he(the one who gi8vesecond) wiiUnot. be I,iiiabile~ f;he w , a s ,unawa l i 19' '0 " th e 'f~ rs t o ne g iv iir n,gthe Zakaat

Q...9 ': lis ,8 contract 0" p a rtn er sh tp in va iU d a.te d withoutthe' le)(plii,c~tciancellliaUon o . f r the partners?

Ana: A pa,rtnership wn~ be di iss lo ' ived i , : f one ot thepartners d~es, or becomes mlUrtad freneg:ade _, l.e,

Ieavas the, f'old i. f lslaarn) and jo,ins up wii:th ,a non...

Is l ram,~c coun t ry , ('We see l k .' ,AUaah Taala's pro te :C~ i !onfrom this)

Bu ,s i l ness Made E , R S Y ' ,83,

N,O' 16. S,ILE,NT P'ARTNERSHlpr[(rMUDHIAA,RABAH)

Q-, ' , : 'W h at ls · th e ~ e x:jlc o ,g ra lP hic a nd S h ar -' il ,de,f in i 'Uon 1 0 "M udhao lraba ,h?' - .

An·s,: 'The word 'Mrud lhaa , rabahl

' ii is der.ived from, tihs,Arab ic ' wlord 'Dharb' whiich means: "To trav's'rse 1 l t t s ,,sa . r th ' .

The. Sha r ' i Id le f in i t ion: A, comraet of partneJrs,h j ip whereplrofiit: lis deriv'ed by the' I comb ina 'Uon of the weallth ofone person and the eUort ,of the. o, ther . This,partn'srsihip ~s not valiid except wjlfh t hOS IB ' types, O r l :weallih m,entioned li'n ' the prec1eding I ,e sson . '-

~1!! !2 : : A,fle' !her 'G' any c ond iU o ns r fo r' t:he vaUdit .y o fiM ludha !a rabah?! .

A .n s :' T h er e are two ' oondltlons fo,r its v,aill id irty:1).. .,T:~at..t~e we ,s ,l lt ih I s handed OVS'f ( 'm'ade freelyav,~{.llabI9) to the Mludhaarib (person who is glol,~ngl to~,akle: an e.ffo,rt on the 'w'le,alth),. In such ,a t w , a · y that the'~nve'stor has no 'control over it., 2 ) 1 . The, proflt dle:rh,l ledl therefrom is, shared betw:een

them ijinsuch ,Q w,a,Ythat .ne!ither,o[fthem shl,ould have a ,pre-sUpul,ated amount,

IQI·3, : :~hen the! contract 0 ,1 :Mudha,arabah is va Udat'edl,then whra t are th,e dutj'e,s of the Mudha,Q,rib?'

Ans: I" the' contract iisgene~al and has no' condiUo,nsot tilm '9., p lace o r goods" then It t w m be peJrlmiissibil,e,forthe Mudh a a ,r :i ib . to buy and sen 'wha teve r ihe'wis,hIBS,.

He rnay travel, - r e -~ in 'Ves tor represent on beha. l rLf'o;fth elnvestor, H,owever~ if the mvestor had! Umited theM:udhaarib'to, trade in a certain place or :in a particular

~ype ot 'goods" then li t w , m not be permiss,i:ble for' the1 M udha ..db ' t 'O I exceed · thes ,s n , m it,s,. -

! ! ! i l

Bu~slness Made ' Easy 84, Bu:sine!ss M;ade! ,Easy ' ,85



Q..4:Wlh ,a t wiU be the ru l l ing ~fthe ~n\Jes,torhad placeda, constraint 0 :1 t~lme upon the Mudha,arib" by spec , i : f y jng la I iIm lu t, ed l t i lm,s,peni ,od?

An,s: ' T h i L S ~s permisslble. tt ~s Ine,ces-sa l ry tor theMudhaarib to adhe're to thiis time period, Bind conducthis, trading to th is P 'S d ,O d,.The contract win di:s,solv'B on

e,xpii rY' of t h i ; s , tlme,Q-5,: ls li t IPs'rm,i iss,ibl 'B'tor the Mudhaarib to hand overthe money I ,go,ods of the partnership to someonaelse?

,Ans,:,This is, not ps,rmiissibl,e, ex'cept: with the consent

' O l f the inV '9stor" or 'i f the! investor s,ti lpul l ,art,sdthat theMudha!all":~bcan do 8:S he, pleases ..

QI. . .6,: It the IMudhaal r~b handed i over the g ,c ,ods toanother person without obtain i lng consent from thei nve ls tD r~ W'iilil he (first Mudhaarilb) be! r e s ' i P ' o n S ; , i b l , e tothe, investor (for any pr,ofi t: on f :ne goods)?

Ans: He wUl be r lespions~ble: , h.owever no t by 'v! ir tue oftheir contract nor by vlrtus of: the dealiings of the

s ec on d IM :u dh aa ,r ib ., 1,0 fa ct th e' 'f~rst.Mludh ,aa r ib 'wi~1ber'e'spo,nsible tO I t h e i in v e s t o ,r f O i r his, we',sl th i f the secondMludhaa. r i ib earns a p r of lt t he r le 'f ro ·m :. Hencs; iii thesecond Mudhaalriibs'srns, ,8 plro'fU, 'the'", ths,f:irs,tMudh~arib w i i U be I resp,onsib ' l ,e to, the l i n V i B s , t , o r (ii.e the~nvestor has, to rec'e '~V"e hisagre,ed share from this

p:rof'~t),

Q..7: What wUI be the rulling if the ilr1lvestor gi .V"9'S the'Mudtlaarib the go,ods 'oln 'the ,agre:ement that theyshare the profits equa11~Y',nd at the! same time he,a liso consents to the :Mudhaar'ib handing OV'19'r the'g"~'' 0 " d IS ;~ "t o - a ' t' lh ' I" lr c ,. . ,Ierson '?_ . __ __ ,_ I U.. I:;ir,g .. I !

IQ~,: How Wiill; ' the pro:fi,t be ' sha . r ed betwes,n theseI p a r t i i e : s , ?

Alns: : ' 'Ths's,ituation will! be oonsidered . , If th e invels, ior:p l l ,a ,cedl8. condi i t ion o t V 2 th e share, for himself and said:· :W:h,B' te-ver AI:laah Ta' a la " b le ss e;s willi be sha. redI s ! q u a U y l ' . ,Alndlthe Mudhaariib gi ivesthe go,ods'to 1 8 thirdp S _ r . l s o n ,

on~hisciond~tj ionl

that : hel (,fi lrst

.M ludh ls a ri lb ) !g l st s2/3, and the other gets 1/3. INow ' what's'V'8!r is, earn ,edhere f r ' D i m 'wiiUbe dis,tr~buled as to~lows:' "/ 2 fOlr 'thehnIVG'stor,,1l3 1 'or the second Mudha,8'rib and 1/6 forthet : i r s , t Mudhaariib,.

~fthe inVG,sitolr' said: ' W'h,atever Al l l aa IhT 'a" ata bless/esyou, we ' w i l l i sha re e quaU y '. The ' fi lrs,t Mudhaarib s,ays10 the second MlUdhaarib~ 1~lwilii get' :2/3 of what :eve r'You earn an d y lou W ! i ' U ,get 1/3: . The' p!ro,fU willi now bediistributedias, " f r : O I ! t i lI C I ' w s : '/3 f ief the second Mudhaariband the , 2 1 3 , 'w'ilil be shared between the iinv.estor and

th e f i i lrst 1Mud haarl b,

Q..9 :: I " the l inve,stro·r ,s t i ipu la tes V 2 for ' lhi rms;e~l : and sa ys :'~ 'W h at e\le r A U a ah T .s :;;ala. bh&sse's I : wi i l ll tak ,B '1{2~'.,Then'I:heMudhaarib givQ,sthe goods to 8~hird person on'the condi:ti~o,n 'D f iequal sharing of p~o'f\its~'H ow wiiU the·!profit be shalred helre '?

A lns : The prDf~twin be , shalredi eQ.l~al~y Ib~een 'theinvest'or and 'the second Mludhaa l r ib~ ~hel ' f i 1 r s t

M udhaa,rib wU11nOl l rece iv l9 any1:hi ingl .

Q·10: I" the seco'nd Mudhaariib ip laces ,8 condi , t i :Q~n ,of'?l3 p,rofH for himslslf iin the a'boVQl i example ! , s,ndi ' theflirst Mudlhaarib' ,agrees to this~Wh.ilt _ ;ill~ be there'spec'Uvs' share·s:?'

,A n • . : T he l investor w in r ec e :iv e 'Y 2 sha.r ies,~ T h e ' a e c oin le llIM udhaanb . wU11 receiivBI the~ alhe,r ~ 1 2 : ~ N O r w ' the first

IMudhaanb win be r 'Bspo.nsibile ta l the :second l

'auBin.,ss M:adle , E,asy 8& ~Bus,lness 'Made E.,I,'Y . 87'



Mludhaa r~ ' b foil' 1/'6 share 1 0 l f pr'of~t from his personalwealth ~iinorderto , co im ,p le t e t h e 2/3.

0 \ 0 0 0 1 1 : : Is, it : permlss,iblle fair th e Miudhaalr i i ib to sen, o n

clredU?

,An ,s : : ~tis , pe rm lssIbh 3!fo r h im to s :e ll'~o r c as h o r c re dit,as,this i i :s norn the necessities; 1 0 l fbusiness.

Q...1 ,: 2 :: ,What , ~ s ' the r uUng l r e g :a r di in , g l th e deal ing l o f the,Mutdh,aar~b in the ,g:olods ot Mudh l aa r aba t , s'ftler thei n ves , to , r has diismliss'sd I h im?

Ana: If : I :he' M l ud lt 1a a . r~b b u y s or sells after h is ,dlsrnlseal, and he lis unaware thereof (ii.'e'. ,of his,di ;srml is,sal , )thernit wiii ll be pS'lrmiss,ibh;),. If he becomesa,w,are of hls dlsmlssat whUsthe has g,oods, lin hls

h an ds " th en he may sell It t ,off" The d 'i :sm i: s ,s a lldoes no tprevent tlhis. Hlowev ,e ' r , he wi 1 1 ' 1 not be ,aUowed to buy''w:iththis pro'fit. I.f atter h i ls d i ,sml i,s ,s,a ll !he has money in

hlis, hands, th en !h e'cannot 'trade th ·s're,iiin ,,, _

Q...1: 3, :, Ilf , B'f te r t he se :para t i , on o f th'G i' nv ,e 's to lr a n d ' theM,udhaarib there , are debts Qul ,sta ,ndlng on 'the gloods ..Who has to recover and-fu ],lfiU them '? _ _

Alnls,,: If:thor,!, was IB p ro filt in the wealth Ihe'm thejiudge' w i n order the, IMudhaarib to, Ire!pa'y 'the debts". ~ 'f tihe!rewas nO I prof i l , th'Slnt he 'wnl no t be made 101 r e pay ' ., I t:w i l libe ,s,a~id1, 0 him : .: ,E ntrru st the , lnvestor in the ,

repa ,y 'men t . ' ~

Qoo;14:What, iis the ruUngl re,gardiin'gthat portlon whi:chis destroyed from the cap 'iita ll i,n ves tm en .t and 1i1e 'pr,of i t?

Ans: Whatever' :i s dest l r ,oy,ed 'tOim t he , M udhaa r ,a b a t isI r egarded as be ing l frolml 'the profiit and " lo t from thec ap ita l,., 1'1: h i e , destr,oyed p o rt: io n le 'x !c ~ e ds the, Ip 1 l f 1 o tU "the;n'the Mudhaarirb iis n , o t . helld re ,sp_ons l ib l,e . .

Q-'1:5:__What ·~sto' be done ii f the wea.llth ls ds 's t ro i yed-,aftslrthe profit iis distributed and the' MudhaS l r aba t ilss ;tiU in ta ,c ,t a t th e' t : im , e 1 0 l f d i s tl ri ib u t i io l n ?

Ans: 'The profit ts to be, retur:ned until 'the inv,e'stolr'

r e coups h i i S , inV9's,tm 's 'n t . . Ilf there, li s s,xcsssthen.ihiswill be diviided betwls,en them, 1 '" there Is lei deficiit thenthe M udhaa,riiib is no t he lld U ,sbl,e ., _ -

IQ. . .16;: The c on tr ,a lc t in g p a r ti 'Q ' $ distribute the pro,f i t andt:h,e,!palr£:~ler_Sihi i ,Ps d is so lve d!" Ttl e ' r ,s , Q ' ft :e r , 'they oomracta I new M1udhaarabaih ,agre1e:m,ent Then ,a l l I the' w,eall thor _ some _ot I~tls Id,estroiye,d. Should they n o'w ,a lis oreturn the pro,fit' from the fir,s,': Mudlh ,aa . rabahdislr"b tlo -? -_---' '_I _U Ion.

,Ana:, !he p l ro , ji t f r, om the- plrevl ious IPiartnershi i ip Is n,ot tobe' returned in 'th~s,instance", B,scaus 'B the profit fromthe fir,st: prartn l9 irship has no, bearing ,o n the second

a'glres' lment'Q-17:: l in 'wha t circumstances is , a IMudha , a r abahin vaU da ted? ' _ _

Ans: li t 'the invG,s,tor' or 'the M-udhaa.rib d i i , 8 ' S t h1en l thep,artnersh i l? i :9, :~nv,and. The 'P',allrtnership 'i s a~:soInvalidated if the, i i inves,toir be,comes murtad and Joiins

up w ~tlh an un - lis ,la a,m i,c ,country ,(,.A~ ~aa hT'a",a~ a,sa ,veu~~ .

T~hel' partn!8'r,ship ;~s also i i :nvaUldated lif the tiime-sp'eci f i ied by the, invest,or I ,apses'l as was Im,sntii,onlsd

eadier'",

••••• , n.. ·.' ••• I i t I . * . ' • • • • • • • : I i I . * * : * * * , * * * ' . ' * * * * : * * , *1 4 21 1 2 00 '1

88----- --------.----- - --- ------ -- -- - ---



,A~IIP r, 8 ,iis e ii: s d u e ' 1 : 0 A:lhlSh and may H~s,choioe's , l :meroles be shows:red' en 'H : i isnoble R,asul~MUlhs ,mmad i

{'-l.

Thi lS lsa conci:se'treatise Ico'ntai ining some n e C ' e , s s a : r y

i in jU ln lct io,nsaboul : trade and 'oo,mmlerce whi,chloommlonly occur, !~ t , a l l s o ,oon la , ins siev,erail A , a . y ' , a s ' t

(verses) (]If the 'Our'san and Ah,adeelh of Rasul'ull 'aah

I(~)I, . Anyone who deti iv'€l :s, ben,e, fU f rom th is bOQ · kl',e t

slhould mlake du'sia f,or thls low:ly serv8In t i " l h ; i : s pareln t :s ,

his ' tea,ciher l , and Sp~I'i~lualmentors.

Togelherw'ith 1h~~bookll'et~'the reader hJurgledlo a l h s i o

r -ead tw·o alhel l" tlr'eat~se:sof thi :s ' 1 l o w l l y selrvant enli it te,di

' fEa, l i "n i in~g 'a laal an,c IFul l i f i ' I IUnglR,~!ght$ iuand ~~Trus lsa .n ,d l

Mi 's , sPP lrop r ia l io i n o f Trusts",

Mu~ha lm,med l Aa.shiqll,aahiBul~andshah J ii (May AUaah i

fD ' r~g ivehim/)

Madi:nah Munaww,an!

1 Jum,aada~ Uk,h i ra 1:41,S-A,.H..

B,lus l lness· "lade Ea .sy gO B,uslnes,s Made' Eas , y 91



The Importance and N,e,ces;s,:ity1 1 :

'Wealll:h. A I, ii a ., a he n t man liin1:oth is w o rld wirth , ev ,e r y th ing havi ing lnumer,ous, needs and necess'it~es. lit was : A l U a - a h WhO,created aU' 0, 1 these neces,s, l i :t i ies,. ,At: the same tim's"AUaah also created 'the meanswhs,r,eby ths!se

necessltles may be, f:u~fiUed;,it ls In,o lrm,aUywealththa'tii s ~In : s lrumen ta l l i n · fu~ f fl il ii ng lmany ot thesIs . AIUaah ha s ::strong11Iy'w'8,rned W'8,sta,gI9 ano :e:xt,ravagant: people fnth,e' IQiu l r 'aan. AUa.ah ' s a ys i in S u ra h An'aam, [ lEal , dlfjnkand do not be, waste'ful. Ve;rUy A~lla,ah does not Uks,Iholse who waste.,n ,{Sumh6~v ' 6 i r , s e . 3 1 1 }AUaah , 8 , 1 8 1 0 says ~n .surah Bani l,s,raa"ee,~,,'~Verilyhe,IS>: . t ra ,v,agantones; 81re the brothers 0': the Shay,aat:e',olnand S : h . a : y t a a 1 n W8 .S eV ler unglrat.e,ful'to l h~sR,abb." ,( :Suf,anl171 versa , 2 7 )

,Such A a , Y ' 8 I a t 1 0 l f the, 'Qur , san denote the l imlportan,co' I C l f

we,a:lth.. The Ahadie,e'l:h also condemn w,asta,g 's' ofm one y ve ,~ ,s tr longly ' , . P 'e o ple 'w h o 'w a s,te Halaal wealthi in f :u t li le C 10UfS8'S a r e ' d 1 w ' e : l l i n g under a miisoonciept, ionwhen they r s ' ga . rd 'themselv8sto bere lUg l i i ous . Whenwea'~1h~sla,wfuU·yearned o rr received i n l in h e r i: ta n lC 1 e , oras a 'gliift, it shou~d be spend ca.r,efullliyin ' the properchannel ls~ O'ne w' i l r l i be ~Immen:sely reW8irdedfo'fspendjng ani 'on,e';,sparents " 'wi'fe and shildlr,en as welt

It is :Fa.r'dhto Ea,rn ,8 LawfulLliving

·'Hadhral,Abdul,laah bi:n Ma;s :ia od (~ ) reports, thai:R asu llu illaa ih (~ ,) s8 Iid"uIE ,a rn :ing a , lawful I::iving isF a !r dih (o blig ,a tlo ry ), a ft er th e , ,o th e r FSJrdh ,ac ts (I Ike:sa laa ,h , ' fastiingl", etc). , "f lit is o bvlo us that one wiilll be'im:menseJ'y I rew,Brded i for , any F,B, rdh act On th e

,contrary" the Shar l " , ah has emlpha t i caUy conde r rmedun~awfu.11(Hla!raa.ml) ea rn ings and has urged Musllimsto earn I he ii r w ,e a l't h !~na lawful: manner The Shar l1ahhas le:xpUcit ly IPinp,oiinted t he ' ,avenlues, in whichHaraam weahh wi!ll be earned so thla:t MusU'ms Imays t s , e u ' clearof these,,;We,a~"th that is earned in a, IHalaa'll manner should

never' be squandered h 1 ! acts, 01 : sln and one shoutdalways be conscloua of' the r i iglhts 9'wed ' t O I AU:aah andfe illo w ma n wirth r,egard to wealth. ~ ·fa person :sincerel'yseeks H:alaal, 9'arnlngs

"he wil!l, c's' :rtai inl ly :acquilrethe

same. ~tis possl]b~eto f~nd H,alaal emlp loy !men t iinpra,cticaUy eve!ry pl la lce to futfU one's needs. l i t : Is onlythe glreed ' tOIbecome a t y , o l c , o n and to a cc llU :m u!,a te a ,hefty banlk balance that spurs p,eople to earn wea~thfr o,m lH a ra aml a n d s,ilnifu'l lsou r ces . Such :peop' l lo IcolnljureI:anc!iful notions in t h e , j : r m , i , n i d : s , that the'y are dri:V'len bynec ,ess i i t y t wher ,sa ,s

n o ,s u ch s ii, tu a ti on e ,id s ,t $ . .

H,adhrat Abdul1laah bin ,Mas·,ood ( ~ t 1 5 i 1 i i ~ ) narrates' t j h , a t the Nab,il (~) sa id, i'Hadhrat , J ib r, a1 e ,e , 11 , (~ )

has i inspi i red I m y ' hle,Ql r tthat: no sout s ha ll e ve ,r diis' luntU'i t has f i n i , shed l :its sustenance. Be,hcldl Fear AUalahand adoipt a most e~Cle' l l l lentmanner of ,a .cqu: i r~ng y,ourUven lh lood~ Let no,l ,8 deil,ay ln the a:rlri i ival l ,of you l rI I, iiv e ,~ j~ h oods .p u lr y o u t: o e a r n it by d~sobe,yilng AUaa ihbecause what AUlaalh has , w'ith Hiifm (by way of: r8,w,8Ird$,and b ll e s :s , in g s ) can Q,nly beattained by , obey lng l Hi iml . "{ IMi lshlkaal ' . quoI,ing froiml S ,h , a~hus SUlnna lh and Bayh.a,q i )

H a d 'h ~ a t . A bd uU la a h biin U lma r (~c&'4:il) r ,e p a n s th is :l: ath_n person once passed by a gatheriingl of· t he !

Businless iMade IE, .sy 92

Sahaaba (r§8~) and Aa.su luJ I~aah I . . : ' ~ , ) " ObS,S rv l l ng l

B,usiness, M:ade Easy _ s a ,



hiim~someS,a.haab'B <~) comlmenr ted, 'i~lfoln;~yhehadi ibeoom,e thin ~n . A l l l a , a h l ' : g path (Jih~Uld)~~"The1reupon R a su lu U a h ,(,~ ) c ' om lmen ted ,~ !P ;e , rhap . s: h . ei rs:e,xerti"ng hi,m,se'~f:to ' p r o , V ' , i d e for h is ag ed parents. ln·that case, he 'would also be i n . .A~ihaah 's iPath., P,ed1lapshe ~ is exerting h i !f fl ,Se l lf t o provi ,de ~O'F ,h i i : s UH .~e 'cbildnitn,in which c:atse he, w,ou~d a I s : o , be i l n . .AUaah~s I P ! a , . i h ~

f'erh,sps he , is eXle rt~ 'ng -nliim:se!lf1 i O ' provi:d,e, for hlm,sel l fr :G O th ai h e' ·o ou l,d lbe i:nde'Pendent '(,and W ' i l ~ 1 1a t have 101

bS:D from iotheirs).,r . I:n thiis case hie Wl i ' I I , e d s o be ' :i nAt ll aah' s I pa lh , .l '[Du l !1n .d MS.nU iu) lo r 'V()~_11PQI.. .73t q l U l o t ' i n g l f romBayhaqi)

IHadhra t Sa'd binAlbi W aqq aas (~ ~) Irepons ·thatIAasul,lullaah (~)I once sald to h~m!, ' ' ' :V,ouwil l , l !be~eJiwarded for-everything that you spend for .A.Uaalhl!sp' lea.su~B' . ;o the ,ex.tendthat y 'o 'u ' w n ~ lavlan be r ew8Jdediro ,r the morse l ot ' fco,dl ·thatyou Ip l !aoe in your wife's,

miouth . u£'Bu.lldllar:i)Hladhlral .Abu Mas~'ood (~(,!;ij) flalrmrtes tha:t Nabi(~.) sai'd , f tWhe'n, ~ny Mlus~iml spends O ln his f ,amlUy,

re~g,ard~ng.hi.s as a.v ih1UOUS aet, th~swimbeSadaqa forhim (Le ", h e ' w : m If ' ie 'oei'Ve~the rewalrdof Sadaqa), ..1{ : B u k h a 1 r ii a . n c 'f I M L l s !l il m l ]·

Another ha.dith reads, r l l T h , a D~naarl'ha.tyou spend onyou l r f,smily ~ s fe w a ,r 'd e d mo s t g rea t . l y (lin com'par~son toI h'e O 'iln a a. rs s pe n d: in Di ther ooun: ;es) " UI ( :Musl l~m,).,11. J ; appa.rentfr;om th es e n arra .tiio 'n s th at I la wfu l: ly

earned wisalith is. indeed a. bounty ~or a. IMusil ' iml andw U f l 1earn hilm t rem,endous. rewlalrds if he spend!&, it Io nhimself, h is I pa ren~Sr ' h ls ,c hU d r,o n.and h is w iif ,s '. Ths 'f undam,e · n ,t a l p r i, ", e i' p~e :fe ~ha . t ones:houi l ld n e v , e ! r earnl o n e " ' s Uve i i i : hood 'thmu!gh unia:wful: . avenu~s. Oneshould , te8.rn. ·the [injun-diansof: the,· S,h,ar1~"ahlth:atpertain to e&'mji:ng and cen t inUIS , , Ieamiing · t h : e ' sam!e s o

that: one nevlsra,CCrU!9iS tne sin 0" le la ' rn~ lRgin a mannerthat contravenes 1he Sha.r~lah"

What 'is the B·ast 'F'or'm ofE a 1 r n i i 1 n g ?

P:Uaah has ~ns,tltut.ed ,S s:~ts;te!m 0)' \~ihic:h ne!cessit i:I l i! 's;

1t"'Q!quilre o th e r n e cE !! ss j' tii es . !o fu l l fU_ t he ,i ir ~ .ne~d~"oneperson may estabUeh a C~o l th ln :g fa .c to r ) ", .another 'ta·kes.to t~hletr,ade, of s,hole '~maJdngj ' a l:hird ' p , s H ' J s o n pi lant&; a

Ig.anj len whUe ,.fourthl be\g:l iRs 1 ia rm ing l . .. .T~~,~rei.~!~,others who plte,fer to seek lemplo'yme'r l ;t I l ln Indiustnesand 'tho:se 'who opt to eng , age I I ~ n : business .. ln t:hils

manner, the' nee:ds of p,solpl le are ' f lu,l lfIIUed by theocc:l.Jpati~ons, of omers, The' person who, lowns .. ~

elathlng: ' f ,acto'ry ' wU11nsed 'to· purcn,as~'.$ i~ 'O,esa:~d,~~esho.e"lm,911kelrwiU need to , bVY c~o,thlng.. In a ~Ike

m a n n e r : every person 'w i , l i :~ r e q u , i l f ' 1 9 the v 1 o c ,a ;U o n o t:'others to ~se,etohls own needs,

lin pr·~nci,pl l .e.~thlel~e a re ,on!l .y four meth ,ods 0 , ' , e ' a 1 r n i n g a

l ii veUhood . .'ThslsB,are' : .

1;) T'rade '..2) Farming (whl iCh ,a ls io~ncl lu lde:s, forest ry; ) .

(3) :Seeking empl:oym·ent.4) Throughan ,;!Ic!quh"ed t B k i n . ,

From these four, trade takes p r , e cede l n 'c e . . ,Star t : ing

W i t h a ntt~e cap,!ta.l, many pe:oplls!start a . bustn'~Gsw h i l c h , g n l duaUy deve l , ops i n t o , a I hug ' l i ,enter rpl f i lSEI tThere are grs'8,t 1b~'e6,sings lin the 'wB!aJtIt1 earnedt lhr 'ouglh the !.,oU c if one's own hands.

Hlad!hir,at Abdullaah bin ' U l m l a l r (~tif(j;ta1) narrates 'that

R as ulu lilla ih . (~ ) w,alsonce. asked ....a~~~ t . w~'iiO:~'manner 'o~earn'iing was, best, IA as ulu U ah (~ ) rephed,

,. 94

The benefit eccrued trom anyt,hjng doe,s, no,l pro,ve



~~Thework ,8 person does 'wit hihta own hands fr:naki~nga rtic lle s lo 'f n e ce ss ity re r o th er s), a,ndtha, t : ' tlr,ade whi:c ih ~ s~awfuL" ,(T ar g'h e eb w e t T ' a r h , e ' l i l , b ' Vo !l. 2 [f ig : . , 5 2 , 3 : ! ,quo, l ing f romT,8I,blraani}

Hadhrat I M ; ' i i q d a ! a m bin Mla,'dikar' j ib (~dUi) repoets thatthe· Nabi (~) SBi i 'd J uNo person can ea,t: ,a:nythingbattler than that 'whi iclh he ea rns by t,he toU o lf his, own

hands. Ve , r i i i l y ' , A i U a a h ' l s INabi Oa'wood (~,) used toea't from the, toi:~,of hi~s,c'wn hands, . , ' : " (But lh ,ar i , }

Hadhrat D,awood (~) used to sen coats of ,armlourwhi:ch he p'G:fslonallly made,

T'h18 lslamte I P l r ' i i n c , i , p , ' l e s , lof Tirade

The Shar~lah ,0 " Iislaam governs, the inst~tuti,on at tiradeand commerce. However, many ple'o'ple «ooUshly 'feel:that: no laws ' g ' o V ' G i r n the lelarn~ng

0 , 'one's Uvel i iholod

and one imay' earn in any w.ay one pleases. AII"I,aahdeclares in the Our'aen, i "AU,aah has permitted lradeand forbidden in terest~J (Su r an Ba,qarra , !~ ve r se , 27 5 :J . ThiisAla ,yah o ·f 'th e Qu: r 'Eu ln torblds o'very ' · t r ansa .qUo,n matinvo lves ii rnerest.

The Bharl'ah has also f,o,rbiddan aU transactlonsmatc on ta in th e' , e ' ! I ~ e m l e : n tof Q'ambl i lng be 'CBLJSe.A l i ll ,aah hasforbidden gambUng[ in ' foUow' ing verse of SurahIB,a'qlara.:: l"They queetlon yOU ! about liquor and

gambling", Sa')" 'ln both is Ig;re 'a t sln and some benefit

for man; but: the s,in is, far gteaterthan trh,e.irusefulness. n (Surah :2 1 verse 2 : 1 [ Q) 1

1 This p'rolhibit~o,ns c,Jear l ly staled in Surah Maajidah where ,AUs.ahl

says, 1li0 yOlu wbo be,li·e\l-e~iindeed n:qlUor~ ga:mbUng,; idDls anddiivin,ing a:rrows ar,e , rUth frern the acts of shayts,sn" s,o absfain· th e re fi ro im s 'o ths.' 'you M,S:y [b e sucees:s·fulIJ [Sur ,ah 5t 'Vllili'Si~ 90] i . ,

'that ii t iis H a : I , B , s : l i . Many MusUm' s : m e l r e l l y v i e w the,bene fits in t i h ! i n g : s , a nd Ih s.ve n o re 'Q [,a ,rdO lr wh,ether it i: sHalaal lo r Haraarn 0 This t D r t e d l y conr tn ld i rc ls thedemands, of true lmaan, Allaahsays inSuralh INli:saa,

"0 you who bs,Uev'e"do not un,j :usti ly consume thewe,ailth '0 1 each other except if lit be by 'way 'of trade

transacted w:ith mutual oon$ent.. Ve,rUy' AUaah ls 19"VEUMost I M e l r c , il f: U I u n i t o yQU~u{Surah 4f v a r a , e l 2 9 1 ,}

The, rabOY8' v1ers ,e c l~eady sl la te$ that: psop le should no rULl in jSitly consume the, weal l th lo f each other" ~ 'Tillie'author of '~Malaalli imut Ta.nZgeI IU ,(Vot1 P19i.417) expliainslhatthi,s v'ers,o means: ~'ID,onot unj1ustly consume the,wealth '01 each o,ther through Haraam avenues lik,&inter/sst:, gambl l~ng. , ; ex to lr Uon" , st ea !li ng l, ImisapprO'p,r ia t i ing :

'busts and o'ther simil l ,ar 'm :s thods . IOther comrnentatorshave miBn t i f oned that the verse r 'B le rs 'to" ~nvaJ id

transactlons.J~

TherEdona ' , the' verse outlaws, aU~ransa.ctirons in trade,'le,Bsiing't etc that are :iinvaUd because they do notconform with the Sr'had"ah., However, thew,ords, of theverse are IQlsnera:11and danote ,aUmanners ot ea,trn l :~ngw'ea~tih thatare lmperrnlsslble ,in the, S h a l r l l ' a h o ; AU1a"ahthen makes and exceptlcn when He says" uleXic 'ept i" f itbe by 'way of trade fransacted with mutual consent,"The' clause .lwith mutual consent' denotes thattransacuons in l trade wiU l o n l : y be pe'rmljssib~ewihen the

Ibuyer and se iner a re , both happy 'with ths de,a tN : ' 9 , i i t h e r

plar ty shou~d be forced i i n t 1 0 ' the transaction.

lit lis Haraam to take a n tite lm a 'tte r paying a prloe thatthe' s e U e l r ' : iis not happy with . Sjmnar~y, lt lis aleoHaraam f O l r the buyerr to stiipl,late a price a g ,a iin s t th e 'w[shs's o .f the seU ls r . There are certain basic piriincipll,es

IB~s,ine"ss , N I ' , a d e E a .• Y 9 ,7 '



' 1 : 01be adhe,r,eQ to 'when acquiring wealth through I'a,wful

ch,snnebs;. These are:NIOdea~ should contam the eiemlsnt:s o .f :intslrs,sit or

g ' smbUng .'. No irtem ,sho'U'ld be sold whi ,ch ' t h , e Sharii i l ,ah

,c~ass,i:1~e:s s, Haraarn,

* N 'o - ' i teml should be soiid which is used e,xcl"ulsdvelyto r H ,a ra a,m purposes,* T h e : s ,e '1 I I ie : rrnu:s t n o t n e o r d e , c e i v " o ' the, ,cu9,tomle'lf '"

, e :lth s'r by co ncea :Ung , a f a u l l , t l of t !h ls ii tem or iin , an y

athle,r w a , y . , _ . ' ' L* ,Ne,ither !party s'ho~ldbreach the trust w,h.:cihtheo,fhe \r p l l a c 1 e s ~ Inhim,.* Nlo,th~nglmay be solid which is not intihe :se~~er's

pcssesston. ",' , ,,", "." " "* lnhis : i n c l l u d e s 9 18 ' I \ I l i n g liitemlS, which ha.ve not Y ' l e ' t

,arrived;:Se~mng g , B l l m I G " fJ : ish l o , r b~rdslhat h IB l v ' , e n o t ye t : , belen

,caught;, s e U i i n g : an aniimal that is :stm i ~ 1 ~h~'wome lofits mother; s e U in g I 'r uii l, t ha t 'h:8S not yet g l r own .* When a perscn 'Isforced to 8 1s l l ' l l anything, h h s , ar~1should not be twi:sted l :ur1her' to sen 81 a. reducedplrice~Hie ,should be pald the olri:~~na~.askii~~~f:,ice.,_* No ciauise m,ay be stillPul,atedwh~ch blinds one

transaction t o !anothe!r, e.g,.,fer ~he,J s e l l h 9 ' r ' tot:e.U. thebuyer, ~ 1 ' l w i l I U lonly s 's U y o ut he s'E J' g lo od s, on c,?ndit'ionthat you se~1meY 'OU I f i goods a t a reduc:ed pncJe,.'f _

* No transactlon may be' bound to a loan , ~ . g~flolr '1Ih'es e i n e ' " , to s la y, Ilfl wiU onlly s l e U this, to, 'You U you grant

me a loan,n

'The buyelr and the s,eUslf shou~d be hapPY'with 'the

de -~laSI,.,

Besides tHe' above, 'there are many' mor,s basicinjunctions, reiatitngl to trade and commls r l09' w'hilch l a r e

stipulaled 'in t he ' . Ah ade ~e th . A, f ,e :w thei re , x p , la :n ra t i , o n ,s s :h ,a U n , o w _ o n o w .

Hadhrat Jaabir (,~~~~) narrates 'that R,asuluJ la ,ah

,(~) rnentloned the, foillowi'ng upon the conquestot

1M l k , k a h : . uV',edlyAII~a,ah and- His messenqer havef:orbiidden U1' :esale ot U q u G ! If ' , c arrio n, s :w i:n le and ,idaJs."

Someone asked, uO IAasulunalh (~)~ 'What about the'fat of carrlon that people use to coat boats an'O,h1Itleather and l ig lht Iantems?" The ,N,ab~~) replied,, J J l T h l r s should n o t ' be d on ie .. Tlhle flat is also -Haraam,AUaahls curse be , on th e Je 'w s,1 ,A lla ,a h fo ,:rb ad e, th e fat' for them but the 'y made the fat ilnto attractive formsand then sold it to devour'the profits! ~I [IMUs, h, lk aat Pg . 2411 J

IHadhrat Abu J 1 u l h , s : y f a , 1 ( 8 ' : I . t 1 f ' . . & ~ ) reports that R,astduUalh

(~) forbade, the proflts 'G.arne,d from blood, dogs landp:r 'O:sr i tuUon. l R 'a , s u ! lu U I , a .h ( ~ ) , a i l so c u r s e d th e ' Q ' i r v , e r oti1nterest, and 'talker'of interest; the woman who, tattoos'others. the Wlo,mlan w'ho has, heir body tattooed land tlhe

person who makes pictures,

1 f t Is clear from the hadithr of H,adhrat Jaabiir f~4~~~)that, it : is, Haraam to sell Uquor" carrion, swi ine ' andidols,. Included in the pu rpo r t of i d o , : r s are a n ' f i igur' i :nes,

and pictures of animate IObjIBcts;.lit , is therrefo'·re ,e iv l~dent

that th e trade 'of Mlus,Um's whosls, tU U' i19,Se items lin

places Uke E , u r o p ' B ' and America li S Haraam, T'hs'accrued pronts are t he r ,e t o ,r e a l sc Haraam.

.A'uanim'ars that, have no t been slsl,uglhte,red inaccordance 'w,ith the ' Sha,ri ' l l lah are c l lassi "Hed in t he lsame cate,gory' as carrion, If f a person iintentionalUy

omits to ' recii,e' ~'Bi,smi'I I I ,~ah" whenl sJaug1hter ing an

anlmal, the an I iim l l a l ' wiln also be r eg ,a rded 'to'be carrion

'Busl'ness Mad,s ' E , a , s y '98 IBu,s, ines:s Mad. Eas:y 99



even thou'gh the s~a ,u ,gh te ' re r ls a ~u.~,~~m.A,·~~g",,_annever become' Hlai ,aa] or pure even s f' ~ t. m a , slaughtered

U k e o th e 'if ,a n im ,a lls a re s ,la u gh ts "r ed .

In 'the aeove hadith of Hadlhrat, Ja,abi r fe j_w~~)~IRasulul l ' lah (1Iii) cu rsed the, , Jew s " f o r s ' ,e '~U~:g,~~,raall'ltat in a,disguii:sed form~ It ii.sc 1 l e a rr fl~O'~ th ~,sha~r~~h~h,at

s'Q'meth~ngHaraam cannot, ber~garded :as,~Ia~a:~~y,ch,ang'ing ;I,s appearance or liabelor b:y ,rch':mII IC~n~beaut'it'yiing i i t ; : even ' t h O U l , g l h , ]t may be g l~ ve n '~ s~~~tsoe , ln t ,o r d i ff i: ,e , r en t co l ou r . lit is common nowadays for[pr9rop.le' to ' cha ,nge the ,app !ea ' ranc l~ ~r ,na~_es .O f

H ;,a 'ra ,am 'th ing s ,. S u ,ch sch emes w~U no t .a llte r t~~forbiidden status ot 'these things. They wIn ro,m,alln

H ara arn jiu st ,a s in teres, ' : will no t beeome Ha~a,alby

Terming it as a profit

Tlhle Illns,'t,r'u,ctiion" to' A,dop't 'H1onest.yand T'ruistw'oirthiness in IB,usi 'n,e's,sDealing,s

H"adh.r,at Abu S;a"eed Khudr1 (~&i~) reports thatI R :a sU l~ uU ah ~ ~ ) said, UThe truthful a't1I~.tru~;t~~':rt~ybusinessman wni be ,amongi :st the A 'mb ll Y,B ( ~~) ,, ~ ,

th 'e ' S,iddliq,s!en and t.he marty rs on the D 'ay ' ' 0 , 1 '

Qlyaamlalh.;-" {TirmldhU

This, hadiith con 've 'ya a great g'~ad, tiding t~o_

buslnessrnen, tenting them that .~hen., th~y_ ado l~ thones , t y land trust~or'ithlin,e~s, il~l!h~lll~~b~sln~,~~_e's:.~le~can reap t re·m~Q'n~It?Us.,rl~wa~~,~~i~~,!I',eI~a: rn,~nr~r ,~ I '~~~Uvilng. H,adhrat Allfaa'.ah r (~Qi1~) na~rat~s _~~,~tbusinessmen w m be, ralsed o:n the Day :o,f9IY~~lmahwith wretched people" except for thoee ~rUs~nessmi~'~

w h l O • ' w : a = r , e ~ 'abstiinerlt -ad,o, lpted lPi,ety i i n t h E u r deeds a n , d II I, - , - 11 I h i

l rem,a ined 'truthful. This h,adit:h m;en t~ons I·,e Ig le ne ra ~I

I[

,p l ; j :ght 0 " bus ln ass rnen as ba'ing. g ! l r a V e becausebuslnessmen are ~genre ra i l l y '!guUty of takl i inlgf,B,lse oafhsand ~Iyinglto their customera, Onew ' iU commonly he,a.rbus"h1 lessmen f a ls e ll y , s, a .y ~ n g , ' ·' 1 p a id a , h iig h p ric e fo r'the ,glood's~'or "this ls the prlos it sena for." Of course,those businessmen who adopt,sdl pie:ty lin the.~r'busmessea w ' , i i U be excluded from this, te,rrlb~e'[ p I Ugh ton

the C,ay of Q liiy ',aa :m ,ah ,. -M a ny ' b us ,~ ne ,s s,m ,e 'n dieaeiv'B ' the lir cu stom ers byhavilngl 't lh e i r s U ip p U er ,s m a ke , out an lnvolos that statesan in f l lated fi'glure'~The;y then show this ' 1 , 0 , thecustomer, telling' him that they purchased the nern atthe pr~,c',ereflected on 'the iinvoice".Show'ling

' ' thhsde,of!'pt,ivs cost pri,ce to the customer, they teU hlrn,"how can ~s;eUthii:s , it e ,m t a l you be"low' lmy cost p,rJ ic re?There are Ul l l l t ranspo, r t costs that' I had to p,ay I~n,addf t i ion to, t h E , S , . ~ ~ Thi is deception is, Haraam, The: su p pM er w h oma d le out the deceptlv,e h1lvol j:ce wH ,1also

be ,gui l t y of 'the,sin.

It is also Haraam to teU a customer that the' IQI ,oQds ,airen,B;Wwher,s '8 ,s ·they'are eld o r 'V ic ,e ve rs a . .S i m~ n ar .lly '"~ t:lsalso a sin to' teU a,customer that an: .item is a product1 0 " a certain country' whenilt ls n ot. S 'o lm e buslnessmeneven stamp false labels on productsto make lt appearthat : Ihesewen~ rnanutactureo iln c .Qun t rmeswhe re theyw'er9 not mads. Suclh acts are mlis l ,e,ad~ng andHaraam.

The ,Sin, O r f : Ta,kin'g Oaths to SellG O r O l ld ! s

H,adrhr,a"t,Abu HUl ra i r ah (~Il5~Uj) narrates thatRasuluUah t(~) said, "Oaths sen go'ods but destroyblessing's. ~~Bu:khar,i and Mu s Um }

asked the salesman, j'what: is this,?B' H'e repU lsd , " ! O



Hadhra,t Abu Dharr ~®.W~)~ ~repo,rt.sthat~~~s~~,uU~~(~) satd to , . him, .. ",~ U a .a h .. . w d ' n ~,t _ , sp le 'a ~(affeC'tiona:te~~l) to ~t ihr le ie ' iPe' rs ,~ns_~n. t 'n l e . .. .D:~Y_o~Ciy'aamah" nor W11111ie look at them (~t:h rm,el~cy _ , ! ; ; ~ , rpuriify t l hem.N 'Ths ! re 'upon" H,adhrat ,A,buDharr_ ,(.~.~.~lr em,s rked" UEvU is : ' the: i r p.Hlght l WI~ 'Ma , t ~ IO 'S~do . the", 'S,uff"Bt! Who l a re these' peropl l ,e'? 1'1 R ,a su hJ ,u a~ . ( ) 1

r ,epU,ed:, ' IIOne . i i, :s the. per~ ,on . ~hos,e:galrl~~nt~ .' ~ ,~ng :Iblslow' his, arnkles~ ThlB other I~Sthe per,so~ re[~:u~~'speople ,o,fthe tavours he di,d ' f,o,lr, the:m", and ' th~e't~llrd ,~~the person who seus his, I g o o d s us~ng talse oaths. II

{Mlus lim} .. ~a'11~?l~i"Jt') I" -, ' th' ,t R "" - , ~ ' 1 I I r . e , l h ( l~M)Hladhn=d 'Q ,a:IS (-'~~~" 'rs.,ate 's, _ .. a __ raSU l lU I~ I I ,~,I

ones addressed them s , a y i i n g " .'0' traders' Vle~I I I IYoathsand futUe talks take :p~ace iin business. Ther'EJirore"

miainta ' i in a constant mix,tulre' oflSadaqa~'1 {Albu

ID 'aw,o.od}

Buslnesslmen shou'd therefora exercise the utmostcaution when t r ,ad ing., 'They should neve'r'tak,9' camstO I se n ,g oo d:s~ neither shou~dth,ey ,exa1gglerat:e w~'ei~1

descr i lb ln lg, their wares o r ascnbe at t l r ibute 's to tnelr!glrOod,s wh i, c: h a !, e not. found.IHo~eve~" 1:~.occ~'r~_t~ateven those traders 'who,are cautious of 'these matters,wU . l 1 flnd themselves I g u iU .y 1 0l f j:utU'9 talk and ta,k i1ng

~,aths. To defr,ay the iU..aflect 0" '~Ih'i:s,abs,entmindedness" t r aders , s'hou~d ensure that t : h , e ~ ' y

continuously g i iV 'eSadaq ,a , .

The :Sins, of' Dl[ec:eiv' i lngl~, M'ix, in lgGoodsl and Br,sac:!hi l 'n,gl a Tlr 'u ,s t

Hadhrat: Abu Hu ralrah (~~tsii') reports that

R~U3U I ' un a h (~ ) once passed Q. heap o f: gira,in th~twas for ,s,ale. When Aa;suluUaih (~)r thrust hij,:shand II'n

th e heap, he f f ie~tt ha t t , : h e ' y wei rs , wet ins~de. IH e t fhen

Rasul luUah ,(~)! R,a in giot to it ( th 'B' l ref,ore" th e ins:id,e ls9 , t i U weil w'hUe on~y the IO l luts~dei dried).," lR.as,ulluillah

I(~) asked him why he dI~dnot place the we t portionon tqp l so th,at peoph~ wou~d !know that it' is weI.R -,-... II U h (.~ .~~ .) h ... . . d d ··d ' ~ 'T-Ih - - - . 'h ' · d - · · . - . _ .. .a,5UIUu,8' '~ t en a .·.· e c _ .' :: !, { .e one WI 0, 'c ,eicel 'V'e's

us iis no t from me V.e . , has no rela t ionsh lp wi1 :h m,e and

not one of my slncera f , o l l : o w e r s ) " . , u {M u s l r i : , m i }

R[a ,sU! l lu~ l l,ah ,(~) used the A,r,abi i lc word I ' ghasha , " a:ttlhe l end otthe hadirth., This world denctes de:cept i i ro~n,brle'a,chfng of ,8 trust. and pul l ing l 'wool l over people 'se'ye's . , Th~s wIQuld therefore refer t, o alii m,e! ' th l lods,'e'mplioyed iin business to : m i i i s ; , I , e ' a d a customer, IlikeIml ix lng the goods wiith th i ing.s o f ih f, e' r: i~ o r va~uB ' to Ilend

quantity ' tOIlt, to conceal a fault in 'the commodity, etc,

Hadhret Waathila bin As'qah (~~4dJ ) narrates thatN,abi <_ ) B , a i r d ! , '· :W'holever S'Ol id a dlef:ective Item

without disc l l ,os '~ng the d!alect tO I the customer, t hen he,(th,le,saUer,) shaU l c on tin uous ly rem ain u nd er A lita ah ;sw'r,ath (or" ,ace,olrcling to another narration) the angeliswiU contioue curs,ing hlm," ,(llbn IMalah)

IH,adhlr,at Abu rHura~r;ah (~~~lm.Si))r reports fromRasrullllJ~l,ah_)~hat A l ll l, aa h s a y s , u l ami the'thilrd of

two trans,ac'ti:ng' partners as long 8;S ~ong as one dloesnot cheat t ,heoths ' l " . A,s soon as one aha',ate thle ethar,II I'eave the twOI ot them," { Ab u D a :w o od },

Thls hadith [means, tha't as lon,Q la s the' buye,r andS 1 9 , 1 1 , ~ l e ' rde"a~ hones,tly wiith e a ch -· o ,t he rr " A lla ,a h sh a~ 11

oonUnue to' asslet the'm land bless their weal~th.HO'wever" as soon as, any ot ' the'm ,chela ts or d e c e , i : v , e . s i

th e l , o ther tn a ny ' 'w a'y , AI~l la,ah 'w' i thdraws His , ass,is,tanc 18 1

and b~,e's ,s i ings belcaus'9·Sh,ayta,an has, I~'OW' o rep tbetwleen the !W'O,, ' The A ra lb i:,c word "kh i iyaanahl l '

.'

( t r ,a .ns,~ated above as "che,at:" ') refers to any act that Tlhe !\!despera.te person" menUoned ,in the Ihad:i ' th



'Oo,ntiradi,cts t rus: lwol : r l th insss.

AIIIFo'r'mIB of G,ambllilng areHaraam

Hladhr ,a~, Abu Huralrah (-;j;~1 reports ' t lhl,atRas u Ju ll lla h , (~ ) f ;;o . ri J .ade ' t rade th at ' iis ;oonduetad 'b ytlt1 ro w~ ng s to ne a a n d a U d e c'e :p tiV 'e t l radie~ {MuSl,n":,}

'~rade that is c onduo t l ed bi y tlhrow'in,gst,oneij;.~J r e , f e ' l r s ' :0 '

a p r,a t'c ti'O e 10' the Ar,abs in 'the : p ast whe:na buyerwou~dU ' l r ow a , s tons : Into ,s ,s ,h o p and become the!o/wlner ofw,h,iE\,teV9J ~tlemth,s ' stone strike's,. H i e , w,oul ldthe' i f1 have to Pl iB. ,ywhat iBv,er arnouot the se ihe rs t i ;pu ' l , a tes ,~ be ~t s lma l l :~or b~g,.,The' t r a n saedon woukltherefore be concluded on an item th,8,t has, not bEle:nlspeci f l ied from th,e' be'ginning.There are many ,Dither

f o ' r m . s , ·of Qlamlbl i ing of 'thiisi nature, that occur · ~ nbusiness, wh;~cn ,are, to the det r imlent : of 'B,ith,erthe'buye ' l f o r the seUe!r .Th le Musl l i~m jU . l r~s t s havet,erm'edsuch transaetions as uMuk .haa ta i ra '~ because ,(I personc an neiltiher be cer ta in ,about the na tu re o ,f the g loo ld :sno r 'the q ua ntity . . O aa o lf the pertles in ;volh/ed stands to!1'Q,ses1om,eth in g ln thee p , r l ooessand . istheirefo,r,&Haraarn. ' 1 1 ' ts i n d e e d unf :or t :unate ' t ha . t . sU lch d e a b s arsbec lon r l l i ng Ii n:cr,e!9si ingly co,mim,onnowadlays , . ,

S,el , l i 'ng Fru,it'Hladh i ra t A.~ i i(~~~) reports t ha t Nabi~(_> fOlrbadet hemf l r , oml purchasing the g ,o o d is , ' o,f a desper 'at ,e 'pers :on

l, " rolm decep l. iV"B t l r ,ade~ and fr o 1 m se l li in , g l ~ : ru i ,t

fnlm 1 8 tree' D,eforethe f rul l t Is ready to be used ..{AbuD ,a,wood} - --

,flefiersto a traveller whoiis forced to 5:e!~I,~sbme'f ~his

r : ' 0Ss 'e .s .s~Qnsbecause he lost hls .w',eal'th ~na nlblberyQ1ranoth ' ie ' l r l oa : ~ , amn : y , . SU l oh l a . p e .r 91 0n s ho lU 1 ~ d be

~~Sl: is : te( : t lyv. i~h!out ta l ld lng his: possesslcns. How lev l e r ~ ifhls p~,sseSSilons have ! to be so~d ~b.ebuy,sr :sh,oul :d note:xpllolt: the desperation of the traveller to secure 2.·

I:ower price, If the l buy le r cannot pa.y h ilg h ie r ' th a n ' the·~ ~ ~ ~ ~g p J riic E ;!;llh '9 ho u !, d a t le a s t pay thel o'rig l,f1na ~a.s kin glp n C 'e ! i ' . -

F rU i l i tm , a y only be ,soh:Jwhen t lhey c an biB p u t to-use. Itis , forb:i:dden tO l t ransac l a sa~,e!whUe-thef l rur i t has no ty le t g lr lo :wn t o, t ih i s i deg r le '9'. ,

Se.lllingsomethinlg that is n,o,t in,0: ine' ,8 Poss,ession

I Hadh r a t Haksern bln Hizaam (®~uilW) na r ra tes thathe , onc is8s lkB ld l , "!OR,a8UI,IIUlnah(~)I:A :p 'er ,son wan t s

to buy. s?lmet~lr l lg from mewh.ichl l dfJ.not have iln .m yp o se e se ro n . . .(~ Ih le n . the'. t r ansac t ion lis , oo n ,c lu d ed l), , ~pu r c ha se t he, . I' ~ e'm .ro,m ' th,e,m,arketplace (S ind s i a l I ii t to~iml. tJ I .Ra,SILdul l l ,ah '(~) sa id ; ~~dolno t sl sU , any th i in g t ha ,1rs not l in y o u r p'o3s:e8:sl io 'n.~J' { t .Jn~hkaat ' }

·T~II~ h.a~,i i i th 'teach~s us IS ' fundan1ental l ·pllr inc~plle o f~rad~.I~ I l lS common IPract i~ce nowadays 'for·pe,op.~ le tosell a n I tis 'lm m,any flmes ~velr ' when - t he ! g loods an ! ! st i iU

on board a C8JQ IO ' s ! n i p : 'hat has n ot IS 'v,s 'n r,eachedtlhedecks. Such ,8 Ipractic!s' h i l , f,oirbidden· in the ,Shar j"ahla nd ;re ga .rd ed a s, ·aninva!Udt raln:s, f )o t i ,on. ' S ,lm nar ·wi n bethe case o f fru it th at~ ss ol!d yea,rs before they havegrown.-

Itma,y occur that a person teil ls: ,S t buyer .iha,the, hasset U I P a tra:p a n d wU ~sell to the bu:y,e,ra ll the b i i ; r . d : s ·that '.

1104

wiU be ,caught iin the trap for ,8 sti;pulated price, lin a type ot: comrnooltles bein,gbartered are diff,erent,you



,s ii:mla r c as e, a f i:s h er ma n may propose to a buyer 'thathi e ' w m J SIB ,n to hiim aU ' th e !f ,j :s h 1h ,a t alre le'a.ught i l in t he ! net 'he has' cast for a ,sti ipulla1ed prlce, Both thesetransacnons are fOlrbiiddlenand r,egarded as invaUd Inthe, S h am i , l l a l h .

'Gove 'rnmlents , sometlrnae IS'8se a, portion ot the coastto fishermen with the understand~ng 1 i h r a t they w m payt he ' 'QIOV8lrnm'ent ,8 , certain sum ! 1 1 0 11 " 1he , fiishthat: ca t chthere, withiin the perlod of the lease, This transacflonalso contravenes the Sharl'ah because the fish ' in ths'sea or illna r i ,v ,eu~s, not the property o!fany,one ,al~dcantheredor le no t be ' s o ld untnl il t i s , c augh t . ,

lit is not permlselble for a buyler to rleslel l an lternbefro'r,e ta,king possessson of' the same" HaohratAbd I III h 'b '·- U " ,' ( '!~ I( Ir t") I' !i ·l ~~ " ' I - - , tha ,,-, - ',,--"~ uaaan :_ ;~n_ :m ar,,~WW l~" re a,tesc_,a~ somepeople us'ed to purchase gr,B, ins;frorn the upp er pa rt: 1 0 l f

th e m , B , r k s 1 t p : I , a , c s ' and : S H 9 U it thelre,anld thisn. I A , as : u~unah(~) stopped this practice sa,ying, '·when anyonapurchases graiin, he, may not I r e s e ~ 1 1 iit unti~iihe takesp o as es sio n o ,f it. Ji. { 'Mi:shksaO

W]th,rega~d tothe above hadith, Hedhrat , AbduUaah binAbba,as (~Cdr~)1 says ' , "l believe that this law' applies to

al l goods 'b e s id es : Q ra in s,as well," {Mlshkaat}

Selling GOlo,ds blyWeilghl't andi

'M 'easu : reHa"dlhrs,t IUbaadalh b~nSaalml i t 1(~~Gji1 narrates, thatthe N,mbi (,~) sa id , :U :'Go~dforgoild, :slilv,e,r fOlr ,s~lv'e'r;whea t f 'o r 'w h e s't , ~ Ia ,r :le y ' fair bar~e,y,d ate s f 'o ir dates andsalt for san may onl~t be' balrte,red in di,rectlypropo rtio,nai ' amounts and with lone hand giving whi~e' the other hand is I t ' ' e ' 9 e ~ v h i l , g :·,stthe s a:m'e _ tim ,e . I f ' t i l l i e '

Imay barter as you please (Le.,wiith varYingl qua nt;i i te,s,'fr om e ith e lr ' party) o n c :,o nd iU o n that th e transactton lshand In hand and lrnmedlate." { IMusUm}

IH a dih ra t A bu S a 1e ed K h ud r,ii ,(~ ~~ ) has narrated a .simUar hadiith in whiich Rasull ,ul i lah I(~) adds, 11 '(When

the !c!Omlmodltl ies; ,a;re aHke:)' the person 'who demands,mere or pays more " then he has indiul'ged in au su ri ou s I tr ,a n 9 a c ti ~ on .~~:Mlusli im,)

The hadith of Hadhrat IU ba ad ah biin S a.B 'm it (~~a:iJ)mentions slx ICQ,mimodit i9S. , ,A,cicord ing to Hadhr,atlrnaam Abu Haneefa (~~c)" some of these,commodities used to be sold by weight d u rin ,Q th e ,tii lme l o , f Ra .s ulu U a lh ( ~)" whi l ie others used to be ! slo:~dby ' measure .. Therefore " evs!n though the barts'red' oomlmo,d!i it lj 'es , 81n3: Items IQ,thel f than the above slx, the:yshould be , battered in exactly co' r l resplonding quantiit l ie:s,whe 'n the t y pe ' i,s the S8mle" It is no t perm iss.iblle lo,r,eUlher party to !gi:V9 ,o : r ' take more or l ess 'than th eoppe' ,s i te: p e.n y . ~n thls IC8:se it ls al iso not pe:rlmis,sib!lefar one p,a,rty to p.ay his share ,at a. I l iater sta,g,'a.Hlowev.e,r ', liif each pS i r t y ' h as , a dU f ,e l~e ,n tco,mlmodl i1ty~ iiit ' iis,permi ls:s; ib l 'B !for the, qUlant i i t i :es to diiff l8 'r a s lon g l as thetransaction ilsconcluded before the two separate.

RU,LI INGi : : : 'The qual i ty of a comimo:d i t~ , . will not: be ' takenintlo consJda ' ra . t i , on 'when two pe rsons a re ba,rter;ing' a .,comm,od ity 0 , 1 ; identlcail ty 'Pe~Eveln, if new ' gol'd i;1

balr ie l red ' f 'o , ro ld go'~d, new sUvs!r ' fo r 'olld silver or fi:~t'grade date , s , are bar te red for thiirdl 'Ql r ,ade dates" it: ir s

~ncu,mbent for the 'q,uantity to be the same from bothlends,. If such an exchan.gle n"e'eds to be dons : , ,ons 'parson should purchase the commod ilty from ·the' other;inl exchang'e fo r m:oney . whe ' r :eane r th e olther shou!ldIuse th e rmoney to purchase f rom 'the' ' fi irst: perscn ..

: B usi :ne ,ss , Ma .d' e' Eas·y 1,06

The D,et,riment ot Ch'e 'a t i ln lg ' in

BUls , i~nes:s ;Madel Ea,s:y 1101

Hadhrat AlbduUaah biin Abbaas (~~~oo) has narrated



W e i l g 1 h , t and M'e"asu1re

All l ls,ah says in S u rah Mu ta ffii'f,e en , nWo e, to. the,cheaters, Those whot when they take measure frommankind, demand in fun. But: if they measure people orweigh for people, 'they cause them loss. Dosuch men

no t ~ c 'o n s ,i: d er tha: t they w m be ra ised ,a!gain? U:n to anawfu l day;' t he , da.y whe'n a lU o,t: mlsnkiind ' wU I standbefore the R"abbof the unive.rs'9,,,u {Su r ah es, vetel8S '1 to 6 ,}

These' verses of the: Our'aan express the severity of'the sin of ,c lhe,a:ting people ' W ' n e ' i J 1 1 wei igh In91 andmleas :u r i i ng~ Pe'ople, are often found guUty of' underw '8 ,i' gi hi in g - merchandise and dev is i ' ng methodswhereby theilr' scales rettect a, hi'gher w ' , s i i g l h t : than :i t

S;hOU i l d , .A [Uaah f,omii:nds such people about ·the D,ay o fQiy.aam,ah when they w m realisie the' f , o U , y of the.ir ' 'ways

and pay ' lor il..P,eQpl l ,e should contemplate about thefa,lct:'that the conseqesnces !ot~de'ce:iv~ngothers andpliUlndering their ri'ghts s han have "to,be faced in thisw·or~[das wen as iin t he · Hereaner,

H,adhrat ,Abdunaah bin Abbaas (~Q;adi ) has nl,arratedtha.t Rasu~u ll~ a h ( ~ ;) ones addressed some' tradersl invo[ lvsd i in weighingl andm,s,asuringl. :He told them

tha, t certain pr,ev~ous Ummahs were destroyed

because, 0" this oooupation (i.e. when they weredlisho,nest),. r n rm l idh i }

'The nati~on of 'H ,adhra t Shu ' , ayb 1(~c3i~}, iiniiUa.ted thep'r,actice 'of chealing, iin weight and measure, T~eyrefused to deslst from this ,evU practice desp:it:e, hise ,ff,o rts to ' ,adviise t :he ,m~ The'ywer,s, ev,enlus i l lydestro'y,ed when Anaah~s punishmien11t: struck ·~hem.This, epi !sodle is , deslcribed li'n Sur , sh Shu'araa.

that ths sustenence ,of people who cheat iin we~ghtand measure ls cut, ' ( , i . , e . dj.ml~niiis:h,ed or de'pr:~V'ledofbless, ings:) . fMUI:~a~t taof M,a,al i ,k:}

The Shsr'lil'ahfolrbids 9!iiving a customer ~,essthan whathe ls pa,Y' in lg tor, ,lin fa c tI ' R a:su luU ah l (~ ) hasin ls :tlr uc te d I U S tOI rather g"'ve a Urtle extra, IR,asul luHah

(~) was once passij[ng by-a person who was,emp~o,yedto, weigh goods for a , t :r ade r ', . Addr,ess~ngh im" : R ,Q s u[l uU ah (~ ) sald, ~!:Wei,gh and ad d · t . O I theweight !~{AbillJDawood andiTirmiidhi)

P,rolli,bition from ' W ' it 1 h , h I O I , II 'd l in l g

Graiin~,sduring Tlmes ,o f need

H' ,adh , ra t U,ms,r (a~Uj) nar ra tes that the N ,a bi (~ )sald, ' 1 ' l T h e one who bdngs, goods, (from out of his t.ownlto res,eU) shall~ bel austalned and the one 'whopra.ct ' ises; flht~k;aar' ilscursed,' {lbn M ,a ja h and D'a,armlO

illIih it ilkaar'JI raters to stockpmng s.taplegra,ins andre fu s;iin g to , s e[I,11it 1 : 0 , pe1ople ' during' tj'm le s o f need so ;that' it ma;y Ib '9! 'sold ata I , a t e l r stage- 'whHen pdoes wiiUbeh,igher,. Such pee pl f 's ' are cursed because thlei'r on. lyconcern is, 1 :0 lnoreasethelr pe,rsional w'e,alth and the'yh av.e n o comoass lon f ,o ' r the g e n e l r , a l ' pubI1ilc.,

Hadhrat Um,ar (s.w~~) has 8 1 1 , s o , narrated' tha.'

RasuluUaah ('~) said" ~ ·AUaL8h Wlm in fliic t 'th e'pun~shments ,of ~:ep, rosy and poveiny on the personwho 'withho,lds stapl l ,e ' g r :a . in s f rom th e IM u s l[im s . .~ I . I 'bnMaj'ah} .,H'adhr,at Mu·aadh l(~~l*) reports 'thatN'abil (~:)said, .IEvill i ts t[he perscn who w~thholds gr,a ins fromp ' eo ' ,p l, S ( ,d lu r in ! g a lif1Je 'o f neec) and (who se natu lre lis

Busillness 'Made Easy' 10,8

such 'thai he ) is d~sUes;sedi when pdces fs,U and

'8· M d E--' 109USI'ness ._,a e ! ' ,BSy

.a , w ,aJ II I:be long ' i n 'Q I to h ls debtor so that th e benefmt o~



exuberant when prices rise~"" { ,M jshkaat . }

Amounts Taken i: n Ex 'c ' e 's ,s of:theLoan ' g i i i v ' e n i Wtililbei!nt!erest

It is only p,erm~ssii:b'l,e,to , c l a i i m t from a debtor the

amount t ha twB ls odg jna l i l ~1 ' I l,e nt to h im , W h ate V',e rexcess is, c!l,aim,ed w i n be i r ,eg,arded a s, iin te re st,:i'rrespecuve Q,':wh',elh:,er the excess was agil" 'eed on'verba~ly,~i ii n wr irUng 0,' ii:ntended ' in th e h ea rt. EV l9ry ' ,onels weJl aware 'o,f the fact that interest is, Haraam. In

'fact" wha',tever bene,fit a credft 'o'r derive:! from theweallth of ,8 debtor w'iU:also be I r eg l s rde ,d as lnterest,The' iMusUm juri,sts have s ta ted the, f :oUowin,g r U~ l e :u 'Eve 'l ry l o an that e a rn s a proflt ls ~ n t 0 e r e s t : . , " ·

IHadhra t. An-as bin Maalik (®J15~) narrates that

Ra,su~Ul l l a ,ah l (~) sald, uWhen any person gives atoan to another, 'where'aft'er the dlebtolr presents a grif tto the creditor, o r - ' o f1 s !r s ,h im a l i i r f t on h is , conv ,eyan ,c8 j,

the' crediito'r should n,dt accept the Uft or the glliift. Hem,a'Y ,onlly ,ilC1C 8 1 p t t h e , s l e , i f the tw,o l used ' t O I ex,change

' ' 'lifts b,efolre the loan,'

Hadhrat Abu Hura,ir,ah (~~~) reports that he' oncem.. t H :adh r a t Abdluillaah bln S ,a lla a m (~ ~ when he.arr,ived in Mad inah . Haohrat Abd luU ,a ,ah b in i S a ·~ ,a a ,m(a\15~~) told h:jim" nyou live in Ia n area where lnterest

is common, 'Ths'I l ',sforo:. if yOUl1: ' debtor bring s to , youchaff:" a Ibundll,e'ot w'oo~" or even 8 ,O lmB ' g rass , do no taeoept this because it i,s i n t , e ' l r e s t ' f ; ! ' , { ! B u k l 1 a J r i i }

l i t : has been reported about Hadhrat lmaam AbuIHan;s'sf ,a I{~) tha:t when he ,Q,olilected a deb,.,

f ro m a ln y' debto,r, he did noteven stand in the shade o f

shade shou~dnot become in t1ei res t

De'riviln,glany IBen'efit 'from aP ' ,8wne,dl Article! is r 'eg,8 ird'ed as !

lnterestRULIN'G.:: When a person I le ,a ve s , an y item as a pawn' (c 'aUed IUR,ahan" i i : l n l \ , r , B b ' i c ) 1 wi; 't lh a ' c ' r 1 e d : j ; t o r ' ; i i 't i s , d ione: , S ~ O I

that the creditor Im~y be assured that the' debtor w l l . 1 I I

honour hls debt. In thiis wa,y:~ t he ' debtor willi be 'concerned about r,sp'8,yiingthe debt · S I O I that he doesnot I~os :e ''the article he pawned, When the debt!or is;lncapable ot p,ay:ingthe debt, the creditor may 9,elllthe'item ' t ' O I recover his debt, ~fthe lP,awnled , 8 i r t : i,cls,fetches,hiighs,r than the debt, the excess wiilill have 'to ber,eturnrsd ' 1 0 1 the debt'o,r. The detaiils of uRahan'~mtay be

found iinthe books of I s~aml~ lc 'u r t sp r udsnce .lit is not [prerm!i:s,siblletor the eredltor to , dedve an yibe'ns,fr : i t f rolm 'the pawned 8 . r 1 i i c i s ' because this wU~be lr'e'garded as interest ilt i,s common in oertaln p l " C J : c 1 e s~hat a,cr,sdiitor Uves in 1: h ,epaw'ned house 0" h is 'oeb i tor

and also COU'B IC1s the' debt ln fu U. This p ractlce isHaraam because it constlnnss ~nt,erest

:F1UL!I!NG: When ,aoceptiing a pawned a.,rtie~e"somecreditors sUpuliate the clause t ha t the transaction 'wil l i

be r eg la rded l ,BS , 8. sale ilf the debtor does not p ,a y th e

debt wirthhll a specifiied period. Such a clause lis iinva'lliidiin the Shar~ I I ,a lh. EVlen ~ f lit i:s ,agreed upon, thetransaction w i i U remain one ot ~! IF1:ahan'"'when thedebtor faUs to pay w'ithiin the period, '

Bus,ine'ss M,ade Ea,s,y 1,10

play t' lhle Emp ,o l l " yee Q'~lic:k,lyan;d

Busiln,ess M!adeEasy '111

Thereup,oln l IR asu lu llaah {~ ) said, '![Who w i~ ll b u y "



I P '8 , Y in F 1 u l, 1 .

Hadhrat . A b d u U : , B , a h blin Umar f!)J.ll1~t9i)narrates thatAas u l uillaah (~) said, ~I IPa,y t :h e e n lp ,llo y e ie , le v ,e n .before hls perSp ' i rB t ion (llri:,e,s,.~ O b n IMajah)

Hadh'rat Abu Huralrah (_~w) re,p'o,rt;sfro'mRasu l !l lu~ I ,~ ,a , ah( _ ) t ha. tA~ I I, a ,ah ,w iU IH 'i ~ms 'a i J: cb~~ plai~t~:H8gaJnst thr,e'e ps'n3;ons,on the ID,ay' of! Qlyaamah~T h e ' , s , s , wl;~1be:

')Th1e person who , t ,o o ,k a plf ,edlg"B iin AI I I ,aaJ,h 's 'nameand then b re ac he d th e iP :~ ed gie ,.

,2) The person who sold a free p ie rson as a sdaveandde:vou".;~dthe profijt, . .

3) The person, 'wh~oem lp l o yed someo ,n l e '. "e , xt r, a ct :e dth e re 'qjUl iJred , I labo,uf 'f rom hlm and then d~ 'd n o t pay

h i h i, wag leS.( :Bukha t f ' j }T he se A ha d'e eth e m ' p h , 8 \ s i s , s ' ' th,s ' l~ml lPortance o f pay i ing 'o ne 's e n"l,p hJy ee s quickly and in f~J 'I ' I !, iThle .s .e .0ond'had~tlh a lso h~ ,g hUghtsthe, 9 rave s;:tn ot br,e,atcn Ing a

p i . e and seU, i l lg people as slav~swhe~ they a~enot slaves. 'The praetice 0' people In certam areas IS' t he ' re - fona Haraam who se ll the]i r d a u ' g h J t ' € ! l r s ta l othersand those who s;eU~!he~rons as labourers.

A:u ,c t io ,n ls

lit is pe~rlm~s.s, i ibl le o ' hold a publ!~cauctloh to :8el:lglool(1s.Tlh ,e .~sJalmli'curlsts el 'Fuqah,a.a '~) refer to euctlons as"Ba.y'u m,in i;eed~'.R, ~u ;u l uUa ,a i h (~ ) once auononeoa pii'ec1eof seckoloth and a cup to the S,~haaba(e~)Ba.yiing:, ' I "Who'W,m buy these two_~~ems,?!~S;omleone .said~, 1 "1 w' iUI buy th em f,o r one Dirham,"

the'mfor more than l one Dirhaiml? 'u 'When another, S ;aha : ab~ o if f· e n id ' t o , , P ~ B l Y ' two Dlrhalms" iAasul iu~~aa~11(~ ) so ld ltto h im . {A bu ID a wo ,o ·d,andTilrm!,d:h:i}

However~ , t ,he iP,r:acti ice o f ;s e ~l li n: g the i :"em onliy to thefina,1 biidde,r is , iincorre'ot ~n t'erms of the! Shari~,ah.because the se'lllerstillll' res:erves:tli1echoloa io'fs~'llling lt

to h ii,m ,a t 'the end ,or retus~ngt:o , s e l ' , 1 l , . , I ' t is , B J l i s o w r o n gfo,r the seller to p l . a . y the ~l[naJb~ddalr whien he deeidesa!g!a~nstseUing ' thearti iol l l ,a to h~ml. It Is HSl f ,81amifor theb ii dd e r' ti o , ti 'OoB ! p tt h ,e ' 'money .

Hirilng' Out a Stud A.nl i i 'mal

,Hs:dhrat Anaa bin M:aa~ik (~~) nipolrtstha'tsomeene onee posed a quesnon 'tOI Rasullullla,ah (f~)saying;: ~~wedo not have :many animals. 'Wh l,s t d o , yo'u

s.ay if we h~re ,out 1~!lur, an im,a i' to others who ha~e'f ,eml,a~e ani l ,m,B] . l issQ·that h 'e may ma te w i: th th e ,m ?1~

When Rasulrulllaah (iIIii)'fo:rbade this, he, posed af U l r t h , e J I " quesUonsayb11Ig· . r "O RasuluUaa,h (~U Is lit

p'er.miss~bhif·or us to accept the !gif ts that p leop~ ,e gi'veus for aUo,wing our studto mats wUh the~r n i r n a J s . ? " URas u il lu ll ~a a h ,, _) permitted acceptingl such g:ifts".

TheVirtiu,s of C,anceillinig 'theTransacnon of R,emo,rseful

'Cu :s , toms ' rHadhrat Abu : H I U : r , a h ~ a . h (~.IlfMl'Q;i1) narrates thatR.as ;u~u , l i l, aah , ,~ ) said , 1'~'Onthe D ,B 'Y o f: IQ iyaa,m!ah,AUaahw~U r6:v,o,kethe! sins ot ·that person who revokesthe transacflon 0# a. MusMml . ti {Abu Daw()od and IbnM,aj 'ah}

,Busines,s M~;a 'd ,eE,asy 11'2

Thls Iha,d~thmeansthal ijf a person sold an a,rt iol,eperhaps 1:or'ge:ffuiUyor beeause 'of a p,ress,iing need andl I

I J



the'ln (Ie'grett:ed the sale, it will~be an act ot gl rea' t , 'virtuefor 'the b 1 u r Y ' e r to tleturnth,ea.,rticl~e and reclaim thepriic'e. lt Is not ~ncl!Jimlbenton the buyer 10 return theiarticle because the transaotlon wa,e, a"lfre,a,dy I

cono:~udedl. However" :shlould he take pi'tyon the'

rernorsefuls9Ih~lr.

and revoke th,e d!ea~by II",eturn:ingthe·article, :he willi be im:mensely re'w,a,It'"ldedand pardoned

fOlr a:~illhis sins,. The aarna witl app~Y' on the corwerse I L l: ,

the buyer regn~,ts purcnastnq the ,8IrtiiicI,9' and requests ,at refund f ' r ' o , m l the ,s,ener~lnjhls caae, the s:eUerwUII!be! I

trernenoously nll1warded for revoking, 'the'. de~a:liand I

re,'funding ' 1 1 1 : 1 9 ' u y e r " ,

Hadh rat N,aaf~ ( : t i l tQ1~;{oo) reports lhatl1e used to t:a.ke

his merchandise from Shaalm ,(Syrl:,a)to sen lin iEg~pt'When lt 'once occurrcd jo hfrn to rather take, ihhsmerchanolse to ,sell in Iraq, he , s , oug lh t a,dvioefromHadhrat , A , a , E i i : s ' h a . (m@ u.1 iQ i~). . Hadlhrat: Aa'lsha (~tJ.7~~)

advlsed Ih i im not fo do so because sfHe ' Iliad heardRiasulul~a;ahI(~)I say~, 'i:"When Aillalahfi.xes a partloularmeans 'o f sustenenoe for a. pe,rs :on j AUSlihwUII' not,change i i : t tin the person hiimself ills,aves. i~t.~~{Ahm,edand Ilbn IM :a j , ah }

This advice means that a pierson should not ehanqe I

hts means of ,eClrning uni1!:s,sadVlerse sltuauonetoroeI

hiiim to do, · s , o e'.,IQ"unfavourable condlnorts ,arise,; the II

9,afe'ty 'of his, rne r'chandlse is:al~isk, etc,

•I

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