business computer application University of Palestine College of Business Instructor: Mr. Ahmed Abumosameh
Dec 18, 2015
business computer application
University of Palestine
College of Business
Instructor: Mr. Ahmed Abumosameh
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Lecture 2
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How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
The computer first, Accepts data such as raw facts, figures, and symbol then, Processes data into information (Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful ) finally, Produces and stores results
Characteristics of Computer
Speed Accuracy Reliability Storage Retrieving Data and Programs Automation Versatility Communications Diligence No Feelings No IQ
Uses of Computer
EducationComputer based Training (CBT) /
Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) Web based Training CDs / DVDs
Computer –based lecturesE-Books, Journals
Uses of Computer
Health Care Maintain Patient Records / History Diagnose Disease
Laboratory Tests Blood and tissue computerized analysis
Monitor Patients Vital Signs ICU Operation Theatre Recovery Room Medical Ward ECG
Telemedicine Access medical care center via Computer
videoconferencing Computer-Aided Surgery
During training of surgery using of Computer Aided Learning
Uses of Computer
Entertainment Listen Music Video Games Movies Online Museum and Galleries
Publishing Use word processor and graphics software for title and
page designing E-Books E-Newspapers, magazines and journals
Science Latest research information through internet Experimental results Weather forecasting Computerized Laboratories
Uses of Computer
E-Commerce Sale and purchase online Financial transactions E-Banking E-Marketing
Government Up to date information Daily routine work Websites of various departments
Agriculture Analysis of data Latest research Search new markets
Uses of Computer
Office Data management Letters, emails Handling accounts data Stock handling Other routine office work
Home / personal Education tool for kids Entertainment Communication with friends and family
using emails
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Examples of Computer Usage
Home Small Office/Home Office (SOHO)
Mobile
Large Business Power
Types of Computer
Digital Computers Which uses electricity
Analog Computers Which does not use electricity
Hybrid Computers Which partially uses electricity
Classification of Computers
Computers are classified according to Their data processing speed, Amount of data that they can hold Their price.
Micro Computers Mini Computers / Mini frame Computers Mainframe Computers Supercomputers
Micro Computers
Also known as PC (Personal Computer) First PC named IBM-PC was designed in
1982 by IBM Microprocessors are used in it Small in size and cost They are further divided in to four categories
Desktop and Tower Notebook or Laptop Computers Network Computers Handheld Personal Computers
Desktop and Tower Computers
In desktop design system unit is placed flat on table and in Tower design system unit is placed vertically.
Most popular and commonly used PC Systems
Used in Offices, Homes, Colleges, Hospitals Economically cheaper than other Micro
Computers
Notebook or Laptop Computers
It is portable micro computer Small in size and can fit in a briefcase. Operated on specially rechargeable battery Mostly used during journey It has same features as PCs It is expensive than PCs
Network Computers
They are also version of PCs with less processing power, memory and storage.
Specially designed as terminals for network environment.
Some types of these systems have no storage.
They are cheaper than PCs.
Handheld Personal Computers
Small in size and can fit in hand They are referred as Palmtop Computers and
also called mini notebook computers. Used for Mobile employees, meter readers,
order takers and parcel delivery peoples The examples are:
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Cellular Telephones PC Pro devices
Mini Computers
They are larger in size, having high processing and cost than PCS
Also known as midrange computers They are designed for multiple users They are used are servers in network
environment, which can connect hundreds of PCs.
They are also used as web-servers
Mainframe Computers
Are large-scale computers and high in cost than PCs and mini computers
They need clean and cool environment They support thousands of computers like IBM S/390
can support 50,000 users simultaneously. There are two types of Mainframe computers:
Dumb Terminal Which doest not have own CPU and storage
Intelligent Terminal Which has its own CPU and storage
Super Computers
Most powerful and fastest computers also very expensive
Large number of processors are connected to them Weather forecasting Nuclear energy research Aircraft design Automotive design
Generations of Computer
Generations of computer provides a framework for the growth and development of computer industry. First Generation (1942-1955) Second Generation (1955-1964) Third Generation (1964-1975) Forth Generation (1975 onward) Fifth Generation (Yet to come)
First Generation (1942-1955)
Vacuum tubes were the only electronic component Advantages
Computers were the fastest calculating devices at that time Can perform computations in milliseconds It made possible the advent of electronic digital computers
Disadvantages Too bulky in size, non-portable and commercial production
was difficult and costly Thousands of vacuum tubes emitted large amount of heat
and burn out frequently and hence required air conditioning Limited Commercial use
Second Generation (1955-1964)
The transistors used instead of vacuum tube Advantages
Smaller in size than first generation computers More reliable, less heat generated and better
portability Can perform computations in microseconds Wider commercial use
Disadvantages Air conditioning required Frequent maintenance required Manual assembly of individual components into a
functioning unit is required Commercial production was difficult and costly
Third Generation (1964-1975)
The third generation was based on IC technology or Integrated Circuits technology. This technology made it possible to integrate large number of circuit elements into very small Silicon chips.
Advantages: Smaller in size Lower heat generated and lower maintenance cost easily portable more reliable Computation speed is in nanoseconds General purpose Manual assembling not required
Disadvantages Air conditioning required in many cases Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing of
IC chips.
Forth Generation (1975 – onwards)
Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) More than one million components on a single chip Advantages:
Smallest in size Very reliable Heat generated in negligible No air conditioning is required Easily portable Totally general purpose
Disadvantage Highly sophisticated technology required for manufacture
Fifth Generation (Yet to come)
Scientists are now at work on the fifth generation computers. They aims to bring us machine with: Genuine I.Q. The ability to think logically Real knowledge of the world Which could do knowledge processing
Computer Parts
There are two types of Computer parts Hardware Software
Computer Hardware The physical parts of a computer are known as
computer hardware. You can touch, see and feel the hardware. The hardware components are:
Input devices Output devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory Unit Storage Devices
Computer Parts
Computer Software: A set of instructions given to the computer to
solve problems or to control different operations of the computer is known as computer software.
The computer software is classified into two main categories:
Application software System software Programming Languages
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What is the information processing cycle?
Input
Process
Output Storage
Communication