Business Awareness

In this chapter, you will learn concepts w.r.t.:

z Well known global companies and their headquarters

z Years of establishment of the companies

z Names of the founders

z Present business heads and their designations

Chapter 1

Major Global Companies

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BUSINESS AWARENESS - BRM

12 BMW Munich, Germany 1913 Karl Friedrich Rapp Helmut Panke Chairman

13 Bank of America

Charlotte,

North Carolina 1928 Amadeo Giannini Kenneth D Lewis

Chairman and CEO

14 Barclays London, UK 1896 Several Banks united

under one banner called Barclays & Co.

Matthew Barrett Chairman

15 Bayer Leverkusen,

Germany 1863 Public Company Werner Wenning Chairman

16 Boeing Chicago, USA 1916 William A. Allen W. James

McNerny, Jr. CEO

17 Cisco

Systems San Jose,

California, USA 1984

Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner

John Morgridge Chairman

----- ----- --- ------ John Chambers CEO

18 Coca-Cola Atlanta, USA 1892 Asa Griggs Candler E. Neville Isdell CEO

19 Colgate

Palmolive New York, USA 1953 Public Company Reuben Mark CEO

20 Citigroup New York, USA 1812 Public Company Charles Prince Chairman and

CEO

21 Cadbury

Schweppes London, UK 1969 Public Company John Sunderland Chairman

22 Canon Tokyo, Japan 1937 Goro Yoshida and

Saburo Uchida Fujio Mitarai

Chairman and CEO

23 Daimler Chrysler

Stuttgart, Germany and

Michigan, USA 1998

Formed by the merger of Daimler-Benz

(Germany) and Chrysler corporation (America)

Dieter Zetsche Chairman

24 Deutsche

Bank Frankfurt, Germany

1870 Adelbert Delbruck and

Ludwig Bamberger Josef Ackermann

Chairman and CEO

25 Dell

Computer Texas, USA 1984 Michael Dell Michael Dell Chairman

26 Exxon Mobil

Irving, Texas, USA

1999 Formed by the merger of

Exxon & Mobil Rex W. Tillerson

Chairman and CEO

5Temple of Learning


42 Intel Santa Clara, USA 1968 Gordon E. Moore Craig R. Barrett Chairman

43 IBM New York, USA 1888 Thomas J. Watson Sr., Samuel

Palmisano Chairman and

CEO

44 Johnson

and Johnson

New Jersey, USA 1886 Robert James and Edward Johnson

William Weldon Chairman and

CEO

45 Kelloggs Battle Creek,

USA 1906 Will Keith Kellogg James M. Jenness

Chairman and CEO

46 LOreal Paris, France 1909 Eugene Schuller Lindsay Owen-

Jones Chairman and

CEO

47 LG Seoul, Korea 1947 Koo In Hoe Bon Moo Koo Chairman

48 Lufthansa Frankfurt, Germany

1926

Formed as a merger between Deutsche Aero

Lloyd (DAL) and Junkers Luftverkehr

Wolfgang Mayrbuber

CEO

49 Morgan Stanley

New York, USA 1935 Henry S. Morgan and

Harold Stanley John J. Mack

Chairman and CEO

50 Mitsubishi Tokyo, Japan 1870 Yataro Iwasaki Takashi Nishioka Chairman

51 Microsoft Redmond, USA 1975 Bill Gates and Paul

Allen Bill Gates Chairman

----- ----- ----- ------ Steven Ballmer CEO

52 Mittal Steel Rotterdam,

The Netherlands 1989 Lakshmi N. Mittal

Lakshmi N. Mittal

Chairman and CEO

53 Mittal - Arcelor

Luxemburg,

Luxemburg 2006

Founded when Mittal steel took over Arcelor

Lakshmi

N. Mittal CEO

54 News Corp New York, USA 1979 Rupert Murdoch Rupert Murdoch CEO

55 Nestle Vevey,

Switzerland 1866 Henri Nestle

Peter Brabeck-

Letmathe

Chairman and

CEO

56 Nike Beaverton,

Oregon, USA 1972

Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman

Phil Knight Chairman


z Well known Indian companies and their headquarters

z Years of establishment of the companies

z Names of the founders

z Present business heads and their designations

Chapter 2

Major Indian Companies

9Temple of Learning


15 BIOCON

Bangalore, Karnataka and New

Jersey USA

1978 Ms. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw

Ms. Kiran Mazumdar

Shaw

Chairman and MD

16 BILT Gurgaon, Haryana

1945

Founded by Late Karam Chand Thapar as

Ballarpur Paper and Straw to Ballarpur Industries

Ltd. In 1975

L M Thapar Chairman Emeritus

Gautam Thapar Chairman

17 Bajaj Auto Pune, Maharashtra

1945 Jamnalal Bajaj Rahul Bajaj Chairman and MD

18 Crompton Greaves

Mumbai, Maharashtra 1947

Late Karam Chand Thapar

Mr. Gautam Thapar Chairman

19 Cipla Mumbai, Maharashtra 1935 Khwaja Abdul Hamied Dr. Y.K. Hamied

Chairman and MD

20 Castrol India Mumbai, Maharashtra

1899 Castrol the global brand was founded by Charles

Wakefield

Naveen Kshatriya

Managing Director

21 Dr. Reddys Hyderabad,

Andhra Pradesh

1984 Dr. Anji Reddy Dr. Anji Reddy Chairman

22 Dabur Ghaziabad,

Uttar Pradesh

1884 Dr. S K. Burman Mr. V.C. Burman

Chairman

23 Escorts Ltd. Faridabad, Haryana 1944

Mr.H P. Nanda and Mr. Yudi Nanda Rajan Nanda

Chairman and MD

24 Eicher Group Pune, Maharashtra

1959 ------ Mr. S.Sandilya Chairman

25 Eveready Kolkata, West Bengal 1964 Brij Mohan Khaitan Brij Mohan

Khaitan Chairman

26 Essar Group Mumbai, Maharashtra

1956 Nand Kishore Ruia Shashi Ruia Chairman

27 Exide Industries Kolkata,

West Bengal 1920 ----- S.B. Ganguly Chairman and

CEO

28 East India

Hotels New Delhi 1949 MS Oberoi Bikki Oberoi Chairman

29 Finolex Pune, Maharashtra

1956 P.P. Chhabria and K.P. Chhabria

P.P. Chhabria Chairman

30 Kansai Nerolac Mumbai, Maharashtra

1920 ----- Dr. Jamshed Jiji Irani

Chairman

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41 I-Flex Bangalore, Karnataka

1991 Rajesh Hukku Rajesh Hukku Chairman and

MD

42 Jaypee Group New Delhi 1972 Jaiprakash Gaur Jaiprakash

Gaur Chairman

43 JK Group

Varied Locations for

different Group

companies

1918 Lakshmipat Singhania H S Singhania Chairman

44 Larsen & Toubro

Mumbai, Maharashtra

1938 Henning Holck-Larsen

and Soren Kristian Toubro

A M Naik Chairman

45 Modi Group New Delhi 1932 Rai Bahadur Gujar Mal

Modi Mr. Umesh K.

Modi Chairman

46 Moser Baer New Delhi 1983 Mr. Deepak Puri Mr. Deepak

Puri Chairman

47 Max India New Delhi Bhai Mohan Singh Analjit Singh Chairman

48 Mukta Arts Mumbai,

Maharashtra 1972 Subhash Ghai Subhash Ghai Chairman and

MD

49 Nicholas Piramal

Mumbai, Maharashtra

1988 ----- Ajay G Piramal Chairman

50 Nirma Ahmedabad,

Gujarat 1969 Karsanbhai Patel

Karsanbhai Patel

Chairman and MD

51 Pantaloon India Mumbai,

Maharashtra 1987 Kishore Biyani Kishore Biyani MD

52 Patni Computers

Mumbai, Maharashtra

1978 Narendra K. Patni,

Gajendra K. Patni and Ashok K. Patni

Narendra K Patni

Chairman and CEO

53 Polaris Chennai,

Tamil Nadu 1983 Arun Jain Arun Jain

Chairman and MD

54 RPG

Enterprises Mumbai,

Maharashtra 1979 RP Goenka

Harsh Vardhan Goenka

Chairman

55 Ranbaxy Gurgaon, Haryana 1961 Bhai Mohan Singh

Mr. Tejendra Khanna Chairman

----- ----- ------ ----- Malvinder

Mohan Singh CEO and MD

56 Reliance Industries

Mumbai, Maharashtra

1966 Dhirubhai Ambani Mukesh Ambani

Chairman and MD

57 Raymond Mumbai,

Maharashtra 1925 Lala Juggilal

Gautam Hari Singhania

Chairman and MD


z Major brands of leading companies

z Brand endorsers

Chapter 3

Brand Quotient and Brand Endorsers

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Temple of Learning


FMCG Companies

HLL Lifebuoy Sunsilk Surf Excel Ponds Yellow

Label Tea Lux

Clinic Range Wheel Lakme Rexona Rin Fair & Lovely Brooke Bond Annapurna Breeze Ala Kissan Dove Pepsodent Bru Hamam Closeup Axe Pears Kwality Walls Liril Ayush Knorr

P&G Head &

Shoulders Ariel Vicks Whisper Pantene Pro V

Tide Detergent

Rejoice Pampers Gillette Reckitt

Benckiser Cherry Dettol Lyzol Mortein Harpic Robin

Vanish Veet Colin Henkel Fa Mr. White Henko Glaxo

Smithkline Aquafresh Toothpaste Crocin Horlicks Boost

Britannia Fifty-Fifty Tiger Half-Half

cake Dairy

Whitener Cheese Spread

Marie

GoodDay Milkman Flavoured milk Cheese

Bread

Butter

Ghee Milk Hide n Seek

Dabur Hajmola Chyawanprash Glucose D Pudin Hara Honey Red

Toothpaste

Amla Hair Oil Hommade Real Vatika Hair Oil Anmol

Shampoo Shilajit

Binaca Lal Dantmanjan Lal Tail Babool Toothpaste Janma Ghuti Baby Olive

oil Lemoneez

Marico Industries

Ltd. Parachute Saffola Hair&Care

Shanti Amla

Mediker Mealmaker

Oil of Malabar Sil Revive Kaya Skin Clinics Sweekar Silk n Shine

CocaCola Coca-Cola Limca Thums-Up Fanta Sunfil Kinley Maaza Coke Sprite Georgia

Pepsi Pepsi 7-Up Slice Miranda Frito Lays MountainDew Lipton Tropicana Gatorade


z Punchlines of some important brands/companies

Chapter 4

Brand/Company Punchlines

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Temple of Learning


Connecting India BSNL

Connecting people Nokia

Cooling Solutions to help your business do better

Bluestar

Count on us Maruti Suzuki

Creating Life ING Vysysa Life Insurance

Definitely Male Bajaj Pulsar

Designed to excel Splendor +

Diamonds are Forever De Beers

Digitall Inspiration Samsung Digital

Discover a passion Wills Classic

Do more live more Tata Indicom

Drive your way Hyundai Motors

Eat Healthy, Think Better Britannia

Elegance is an Attitude Longines

Emotionally yours Air Sahara

Empowering People Acer

Enduring value ITC

Energising Capital.....Realising Ideas IL & FS

Energising Lives Bharat Petroleum

Enjoy the change Wills Lifestyle

Experience. Truth first NDTV

Expertise with resposiblity Bayer

Explore your World Discovery Channel

Express Yourself Airtel

Feel the news Times Now

Fly Emirates Emirates

For a special journey called life Chevrolet Optra

For Managing Tomorrow Business Today

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Temple of Learning


Its now or never TVS Apache

Jiyo Zee Bhar ke ZEE Network

Journalism of courage Indian Express

Joy, Hope, Freedom, Life ICICI Prudential Life Insurance

Kal par control Aviva Life Insurance

Leap Ahead Intel

Let there be light Hindustan Times

Let truth prevail Times of India

Lets Go Alto

Lifeline of Delhi & Mumbai MTNL

Lifes a journey Toyota Corolla

Lifes Good LG

Live life kingsize India Kings

Looking forward to tomorrow Centurion Bank

Made for each other Wills Navy Cut

Make everyday exciting Ford Motors

Making sense of it all BBC World

Making tomorrow brighter ONGC

More car per car Indica V2

More is less Peter England

Moving forward Toyota

New Horizons. Enduring Values Indian Airlines

Not just healthcare ... lifecare Torrent Pharmaceuticales

Nothing else will do Mahindra Scorpio

Number one any which way Business World

Obsessed with quality since 1895 Skoda Auto

One Bank many solutions Corporation Bank

Original European Jeanswear Lee Cooper

Outperform Honda City ZX

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Temple of Learning


The Josh machine Ford Ikon

The joy of flying Jet Airways

The most friendly airlines Austrian Airlines

The Next Big Thing Ford Endeavour

The Pen the World prefers Reynolds

The peoples paper Tehelka

The power of access FedEx

The Power of Dreams Honda

The Power of Fashion Grasim Suitings

The power of knowledge Economic Times

The sign of excellence Omega

The symbol of partnership Chevron

The taste of good health Tropicana

The taste of India Amul

The ultimate driving machine BMW

The Unbeatable Accord Honda Accord

The Upper Crest Louis Phillipe

The Worlds Favourite Airline British Airways

The Worlds Local Bank HSBC

The Worlds News Leader CNN

There is no better way to fly Lufthansa

Think Different Apple Computers

Thinking of you Electrolux

Time is What You Make of It Swatch

Touching Lives Apollo Hospitals

Touching your heart Yamaha

Trusted Family Bank Dena Bank

Uber Casuals Scullers

Undoubtedly Distinguished Hyundai Sonata Embera


z National Readership Survey (2006)

z Major print media companies in India

z Major Indian magazines

z Major Indian newspapers

Chapter 5

Print Media

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Temple of Learning


cinema audience seems to have been reversed in urban India from 23 million regular theatre-goers last year to what NRS now estimates at 25 million. As a proportion this means a marginalincrease from 9.6% to 10.0%.

The Internet as a medium seems to have paused on its growth trajectory. From 7.2 million userswho logged in every week last year, the number has grown, though only to 9.4 million. Asproportions, these represent 0.9% and 1.2% of Indias 12 years plus population. However, urbanIndia has shown faster growth in internet reach from 2.3% to 3.4%.

Mobile phones must now be given their due place as part of media. Reach of this medium as measured by the proportion of the population accessing value-added-features (VAS) atleast once a week has grown from 1.1% last year to 2.7% - translating to nearly 22million individuals.

If there is one overall conclusion, it is that the press medium must watch emerging media closely.The NRS has the data points to indicate media consumption amongst consumers from all walks oflife. It is also worth remembering that, socio-culturally speaking, India is like a couple of dozencountries with a total of sixteen official languages and wide disparities in living standards. Thecomplexity of the Indian media market would rival those of Europe if taken as a whole.

II. Major Print Media Companies in India

1. ANANDA BAZAR PATRIKA LTD. (ABP LTD.)

ABP Ltd. is one of the leading media companies in India. The group started out as a newspaper bythe name of Ananda Bazar Patrika in 1922. ABP was founded by Prafulla Chandra Sarkar whowas also the editor. Today along with its flagship newspaper, the group publishes 9 other publications.These include

Ananda Bazar Patrika a premier Bengali language daily

Anandamala a childrens magazine in Bengali

Anadalok a film magazine published in Bengali

Desh a literary magazine

Boier Desh another literary magazine in Bengali

Sanada Bengali language womens magazine

Sports World a sports magazine

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Temple of Learning


NavBharat Times a leading Hindi language daily

Maharashtra Times a leading Marathi daily

Femina a womens magazine published in English

Filmfare a film magazine

Planet M a leading music store

Times Music The groups music label

Radio Mirchi The groups radio station

Indiatimes.com The groups internet portal

The present chairperson of the group is Ms. Indu Jain. Mr. Vineet Jain is the Managing Directorof the group.

4. HT MEDIA LTD.

One of the largest Indian media company, HT Media ltd. was founded in 1924 when its first newspaper,Hindustan Times was launched. A flagship company of the KK Birla group, HT Media Ltd. todayoperates with 15 printing facilities across India. Some major brands owned by the company are:

Hindustan Times a leading English daily

Hindustantimes.com online newspaper of the group

Hindustan a leading Hindi daily

Hindustandainik.com online Hindi newspaper

HT Next a youth newspaper

Kadambini a monthly Hindi magazine

Nandan a popular childrens magazine published in Hindi and English

The present Chairman of HT Media Ltd. is Mr. K K Birla.Mr. Vir Sanghvi is the editor-in-chief.

5. INDIA TODAY GROUP (LIVING MEDIA PVT. LTD.)

India Today Group is the largest media house in India. The group was founded in 1975 by Mr. AroonPurie, who has held the position of editor- in- chief for the last three decades. Today the group has 12

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Frontline fortnightly features magazine

Survey of the Indian Industry an annual review on Indian industries

Survey of Indian Agriculture an annual review on Indian agriculture

Survey of the Environment an annual review of the environment

Indian Cricket an annual record book on cricket

The present group editor-in-chief is Mr. N. Ram.

III. Major Indian Magazines

Magazine Publishing House

A & M Spectrum Magazines

Business World Ananda Bazar Patrika

The Week Malayala Manorama

Business Today Living Media

Computers Today Living Media

Cosmopolitan Living Media

Digit Jassubhai Digital Media

Economic & Political Weekly Sameeksha Trust

Femina Bennett Coleman & Co.

Filmfare Bennett Coleman & Co.

Fortune (Indian Edition) Living Media

Frontline Hindu Group

Gentleman Express Publications

Good Housekeeping Living Media

India Today Living Media

Intelligent Investor Berkshire Hathaway

Kadambini HT Media Ltd.

Nandan HT Media Ltd.


z Major Indian production houses

z Major internet companies

z Major television companies

z Major radio stations

Chapter 6

Electronic Media

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Temple of Learning


Major ProductionsSome of the major serials produced by Balaji Telefilms are:

Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii

Kahiin To Hoga

Karam Apnaa Apnaa

Kasamh Se

Kasautii Zindagi Kay

Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi

3. United Television (UTV)United Television is a leading media and entertainment company of India with offices in South EastAsia, US and UK. UTV is into producing content for television, motion pictures and broadcasting. Thecompany was established 16 years ago by Ronnie Screwvala.

The company has 4 subsidiaries:

United Entertainment Solutions Ltd.

UTV Communication (USA) LLC

UTV Communication (UK) Ltd.

UTV Communication (Mauritius) Ltd.

HeadquarterUTV is headquartered at Mumbai.

Present ManagementMr. Ronnie Screwvala is the CEO of UTV.

4. AdlabsAdlabs is the largest entertainment company in India. Adlabs was founded by Manmohan Shetty in 1978along with Vasanji Mamania as a small film processing unit catering to ad films. In 1989, the firm enteredmainstream cinema processing. Today, the company processes more them 60 percent of all Hindi filmsproduced in India. In 2005, Anil Ambani owned Reliance-Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (ADAG) became amajority stakeholder (51%) in Adlabs. Recently, Adlabs has also entered into television content creation bybecoming a majority stakeholder in Siddhartha Basus Synergy Communication. Adlabs cinema is also oneof the largest motion picture exhibitors in India, with two IMAX theaters and 13 cinemas till date.

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II. Major Internet Companies

1. Google Inc.Google was started by Sergey Brin and Larry Page as a research project of the two Ph.D. students atStanford University, California. The search engine was initially nicknamed Baer Rub. The domainname google.com was registered on September 7, 1998. The company has its office in Menlo Park,California. The total initial investment raised for the new company was US $1.1 million, including acheque of $ 1 million from Andy Bechtolscheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems.

HeadquarterThe head office of Google inc. The Googleplex is situated at Mountain View, California.

Present ManagementEric C. Schmidt CEOSergey Brin President, TechnologyLarry Page President, Products

Products and Services offeredThe major product offerings of Google include the Google Search Engine, Gmail, Google Calendar,Google Talk, Google Docs and Spreadsheets, Jot Spot, Adwords, Google Notebook, Orkut, googleGroups, Picassa-Web albums, Google Earth, Google Maps and You Tube.

2. Yahoo! IncYahoo! Inc was founded by David Filo and Jerry Yang, two Ph.D. students of electrical engineering atStanford University, in February 1994. The website was initially named Jerry and Davids guide to theworld wide web, but eventually got the name Yahoo! Yet another hierarchical officious oracle.

HeadquarterThe present headquarter of Yahoo! Inc is at Sunnyvale, California, USA

Present ManagementTerry Semel Chairman and CEOJerry Yang Chief YahooDavid Filo Chief Yahoo

Products and Services offeredThe major product/service offering of Yahoo include - Ask Yahoo!, Blogs, Flickr a public photoalbum for users, Geocities a web hosting service, My Yahoo personalized homepage for users,

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5. Microsoft Corporation Inc.Microsoft Corporation was founded by two students from Harvard University, Bill Gates and Paul Allenon November 29, 1975. The name became a registered trademark on November 26, 1976. The companystarted its operations from Albuquerque, New Mexico. Its first international office was opened in Japanon November 1, 1978. The company underwent a restructuring on June 25, 1981 to become anincorporated business in the state of Washington.

HeadquartersMicrosoft Inc. is headquartered at Redmond, Washington, USA

Present ManagementBill Gates Co-founder and Executive ChairmanSteve Ballmer CEORay Ozzie Chief software Architect

Products and Services offeredSome of the major product/service offerings of Microsoft include Ultra Mobile PC, Windows operatingsystem MS Office, Windows Series System, Developer Tools, Xbox and MSN.

III. Major Television Channels

Company Owner

NDTV Prannoy Roy

Sony Entertainment Television Kunal Dasgupta (CEO)

Star Group Peter Mukherjea (CEO)

Synergy Communication Sidharth Basu

TV Eighteen Raghav Behl

TV Today Group Living Media

UTV Ronnie Screwvala (CEO)

Zee Network Subhash Chandra

IV. Major Radio Stations

Station Owner

Radio City Star Group


z Navratna companies

z Other Public Sector companies

Chapter 7

Public Sector Companies

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Temple of Learning


2. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)The Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) was established on the 28th of February, 1986. Thecompany was set up to take over the management, control and operation of Delhi Telephone Districtand Mumbai Telephone District. It is a public limited company largely owned by the Government ofIndia (GOI).

HeadquartersMahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) is headquartered at Mumbai.

Present ManagementMr. R. S. P. Sinha is the Chairman of MTNL and Ms. Anita Soni is the CFO of MTNL.

Services OfferedMahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) provides fixed line telephone services, cellular services both GSM & WLL and internet services through both Dial -Up & Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL).

3. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)HPCL came into existence in 1974 after the takeover and merger of the erstwhile Esso and Lube Indiaundertaking by the government. In 1976, Caltex Oil Refinery India Ltd. was taken over by the governmentand was subsequently merged with HPCL in 1978. In 1979, Kosan Gas Company was taken over andmerged with HPCL and a single entity HPCL came into existence. Today, HPCL is the second largest oilcompany in India and is one of the largest PSU companies in terms of revenue. It is also one of theFortune 500 companies of the world, ranked at 378th position.

HeadquartersHindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is headquartered at Mumbai.

Present ManagementMr. Mahesh B. Lal is the present Chairman and MD.

Products and Services OfferedThe product/service offerings by the company include Refined oil for industrial use and export LPG for domestic consumption offered through its subsidiary HP gas Lubricants for domestic consumption, industrial consumption and exports Bulk fuels & specialties for industrial consumers like power plants, chemical companies, fertilizer

companies and shipping companies Aviation fuel and Lubricants Products and services for retail customers which it markets through Club HP outlets

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Product and Services OfferedApart from marketing of gas, city gas distribution and CNG distribution, GAIL (India) Ltd. has presencein various other product areas. It offers petrochemical products, telecom services, Liquefied NaturalGas (LNG) and power. It is also into exploration and production of gas and holds participatory interestin 12 exploration blocks in the country.

6. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)Indian Oil Corporation Limited was founded in 1964 through a merger of Indian Oil Company Ltd. andIndian Refineries Ltd. In 1965, Gujarat Refinery was inaugurated. In 1967, Haldia Barauni Pipeline wascommissioned. In 1969, the company undertook the marketing of Madras Refinery Products. Servothe first indigenous lubricant was launched in 1972. In 1982, Mathura Refinery started operations andMathura Jalandhar Pipeline was set up. In 1995, Kandla Bhatinda Pipeline started operations andIOCL launched Indane Home Shoppe. In 1997 the company entered into LNG business through a JVcompany, Petronet LNG. Panipat Refinery was commissioned in 1998. IOCL, in 2000 became the firstIndian company to achieve the turnover of Rs. 1,00,000 crore. In 2001, Chennai Petroleum CorporationLtd. (CPCL) and Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd. (BRPL) were acquired by the company.In 2003, Lanka IOC Pvt. Ltd. (LIOC) was launched in Sri Lanka. In 2004, Indian Oil started sale of re-gasified LNG. IOCL is the top ranked Indian company in the Fortune 500 list. It is ranked at the 153rdposition in the world.

HeadquarterIndian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is headquartered at New Delhi.

Present ManagementMr. Sarthak Behuria is the present chairman and MD of IOCL.

Products and Services OfferedThe product/service offerings of the company include: Refined oil for industrial use and export purposes. LPG for domestic consumption offered by its subsidiary Indane Gas. Lubricants for domestic consumption, industrial consumption and export. Aviation fuel and lubricants. Auto gas companys LPG variant which has been launched in selected markets in India. Retail services - at petrol pumps, Xtrapower products for customers and Swagat highway flagship

retail outlets.

7. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)In 1955, the Government of India decided to develop oil and natural gas resources in various areas of thecountry. With this objective, an Oil and Natural Gas Directorate was set up. In April 1956, the government

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Products/Services OfferedBSNL offers a wide range of service to its customers. These include: Fixed line telephony service Mobile service, both GSM and CDMA services Internet service, both Dial-up and Broadband Message carrier services VSAT and VOIP services Intelligent Network (I.N) services

9. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)Steel Authority of India Limited is the leading steel-making company in India. Ranked amongst the topten public sector companies in India in terms of turnover, SAIL is a fully integrated iron and steelmaker. SAIL produces iron and steel at 5 steel plants located at Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela andAsansol (West Bengal). SAIL featured in 2005 list of Forbes Global 2000 ranked at 764th position.

HeadquarterSAIL is headquartered in New Delhi

Present ManagementMr. S K Roongta is the present Chairman of the company

Products offeredA broad range of steel products is offered by the company. These include: Hot and cold - rolled sheets and coils Galvanised sheets. Electrical sheets and structures. Railway product. Iron plates, bars and rods. Stainless steel and other steel alloys.

The company clientele include construction companies, engineering companies, power companies,engineering companies, railways industry, automobile companies, defense industries and importersfrom other countries.

II. Other Important Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs)

1. Indian RailwaysIndian Railway is owned by the GOI. It is one of the largest and busiest rail networks in the world,transporting over six billion of passengers and freight worth INR 750 million annually. Railways were

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Notable Achievement of Indian RailwaysSome of the notable achievements of Indian railways are: The Darjeeling Himalayan Railways, Nilgiri Mountain Railway and Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus

(railway station in Mumbai) are all world heritage sites accredited by UNESCO. Samjhauta Express and Thar express are two trains run by Indian Railway that connect India and

Pakistan. Lifeline Express is a hospital on wheels providing healthcare facilities to people in rural areas. Kharagpur railway station has the largest railway platform in the World while ib is the shortest

name for a station.

Present ManagementPresently, Mr. Lalu Prasad Yadav is the Union Railway Minister of the Government of India. IndianRailway also enjoys the distinction of being the worlds largest employer with more than 16 millionemployees. Mr. J.P. Batra is the present Managing Director of Indian Railways.

2. Air IndiaAir India was originally founded as Tata Airlines in 1932, a subsidiary of Tata Sons Ltd by J.R.D. Tata.In 1946, government of India purchased a majority stake in Tata Airlines and the company was renamedAir-India International. Air-India International was registered on March 8, 1948 and inaugurated itsinternational service on June 8, 1948 with a weekly flight between Mumbai and London. The wordInternational was dropped by the company in 1962. In 1994, the airline was renamed as Air IndiaLimited. Air India has recently started with Air India Express, the low cost variant of Air India.

HeadquarterThe company is headquartered at Mumbai.

Present ManagementMr. V. Thulasidas is the present Chairman of Air India.

Fleet and NetworkAt present Air India has 37 aircrafts which include Boeing 747s, Airbus 310s, Airbus 300s andBoeing 777s. The airline operates its flight on all major international air routes and on some importantdomestic air routes. The airline at present covers 42 destinations - 29 international air routes and 13domestic air routes.

3. Indian (formerly Indian Airlines)Indian is Government of India owned domestic airline and is directly under the control of the Ministryof Civil Aviation. The airline was set up under the Air Corporations Act, 1953. It was formed with themerger of eight domestic airlines after the government passed legislation to nationalise the entire airlineindustry. The economic liberalisation of 1991 ended the Indian airlines dominance in Indias domesticair transport industry. The company was formerly known as Indian Airlines, but in December, 2005 the


z Major business sectors

z Leading private companies

z Major business groups

Chapter 8

Private Sector Companies

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Temple of Learning


HeadquarterHero Honda Motors Limited is headquartered at Gurgaon, Haryana.

Present ManagementMr. Brij Mohan Lal Munjal is the present Chairman of the company while Mr. Pawan Munjal is theManaging Director of Hero Honda Group.

Products OfferedThe product range offered by the company includes Karizma, Splendor, CD100 SS, Super Splendor,CD Deluxe, Passion, Passion Plus, CD Down, Glamour, Achiever and CBZ Xtreme.

2. Bajaj AutoBajaj Auto started its business as M/s Bachraj Trading Corporation Limited in 1945 by JamnalalBajaj. It started with the sales of imported two and three wheelers in 1948. In 1959, Bajaj Autoobtained license from Government of India to manufacture two and three wheelers. It became apublic limited company in 1960. Rahul Bajaj took charge of the business in 1965. Under hisleadership, the company tied up with Kawasaki Industries of Japan for technological collaborationand launched Kawasaki Bajaj KB 100 motorcycles. At present, Bajaj Auto is ranked as worldsfourth largest two and three wheelers manufacturer. Bajaj is a well known brand in Europe, LatinAmerica, US and Asia.

Products OfferedThe product range offered by the company includes Bajaj CT100, Bajaj Wind, Bajaj Discover, BajajPulsar, Bajaj Avenger, Kawasaki Bajaj Caliber and Kawasaki Bajaj Eliminator.

HeadquarterBajaj Auto is headquartered at Pune, Maharashtra.

Present ManagementMr. Rahul Bajaj is the present Chairman and Mr. Madhur Bajaj is the Vice Chairman of the Bajaj Group.

b) Market for Four WheelersThe four wheelers market in India is at present experiencing a boom owing to high domestic demand,increasing exports, ambitious expansion plans by the major players of the sector and entry of foreigncar manufacturer in the domestic market. The domestic sales are expected to grow annually at 12 percent from 1.06 million vehicles 2004 05 to nearly 1.87 million in 2004 10. Healthy growth in thedisposable incomes of consumers, lower EMIs owing to longer tenure and an improved distributionnetwork will drive the growth in passenger cars and utility vehicles. The export of four wheels fromIndia is also growing at an increasing rate and is expected to grow by 21 percent per annum in the next

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The Company has also been awarded ISO 1400 certification for its sustainable environment managementpractices.

Brand OfferedThe brands offered by Hyundai India are: Santro Xing Getz Accent Verna Elantra Embera Tucson

HeadquarterThe companys headquarters are located at New Delhi

Present ManagementMr. H.S. Lheem is the Managing Director of Hyundai Motor India Limited

II. Information Technology IndustryPost Liberalization, the IT industry has become one of the core business sectors of the economy.The annual growth rate of Indias software exports has been consistently over 50 percent since1991. India has built up valuable brand equity in the global markets for its IT enabled Services(ITES). India has emerged as the most preferred destination for business process outsourcing (BPO).According to a report from Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, The ITeS BPO industry has grown by about 54 per cent with exports earnings of US $3.6 billion during 2003 2004. The government has also taken major steps towards promoting IT in the country. Thegovernments IT policy aims to use IT as a tool for raising the living standards of population basedin rural areas by enhancing rural connectivity and increasing IT awareness. The recent findings ofNASSCOM Mc Kinsey report projects a further growth in the revenue of IT industry. It is expectedto reach US $87 billion in 2008. The report also says that the growth in the IT industry would lead tocreation of about 2.2 million jobs.

Key Players in the Market

1. InfosysWithout any doubt, Infosys can be termed as Indias most famous and world recognized IT company.Infosys Technologies Limited (NASDAQ: INFY) is an information technology (IT) company foundedat Pune in 1981, by seven IT professionals. In 1987 the company set up its first international office inthe US. In the year 1992, Infosys became a public limited company in India. In 1999, it became thefirst Indian company to be listed on NASDAQ and attained SEI CMM level 5 certification. Thecompany operates eight development centres in India and has over 30 offices in 20 other nations.

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Present ManagementMr. Azim Premji is the present Chairman of Wipro Technologies/Wipro Group.

III. Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) MarketThe Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with a total market size in excessof US $13.1 billion. The Indian economy has a strong MNC presence and is characterised by a wellestablished distribution network, intense competition between the organised and unorganised segmentsand low production costs. Availability of key raw material and cheap labor costs gives India a competitiveadvantage. India is one of the largest emerging markets and the fourth largest economy in terms ofpurchasing power parity, with a strong middle class base. The large share of fast moving consumergoods (FMCG) in total individual spending clubbed with the large population base marks Indian as oneof the largest FMCG markets. The size of the FMCG market is set to treble from US $11.6 billion in2003 to US $33.4 billion in 2015. Increasing Indian population both in urban and rural India presents anopportunity to the makers of FMCG products to tap the potential. Growth in this sector is also likely tocome from consumer upgradation to matured product categories like processed food. By 2010, about200 million people in India are expected to consume processed and packaged food, which wouldrequire a large investment in the food processing industry.

Key Players in The Market

1. Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL)In the summer of 1888, visitors to the Kolkata harbour noticed crates full of Sunlight soap barsembossed with the words Made in England by Lever Brothers. With it, began the era of branded FastMoving Consumer Goods (FMCG) in India. In 1895 the company launched Lifebuoy and other famousbrands like Pears, Lux and Vim. Vanaspati was launched in 1918. In 1931, Unilever set up its Indiansubsidiary by the name Hindustan Vanaspati Manufacturing Company. It was followed by setting up ofLever Brothers Limited in 1933 and United Traders Limited in 1935. Brand Dalda came to the IndianMarket in 1937. The three Companies were merged together in 1956 and Hindustan Lever Limited(HLL) was formed. At present, HLL is Indias largest FMCG company with its presence across variedproduct categories namely Home and Personal care, processed foods and Beverages. It is also one ofthe largest exporters in the country and has been recognised as Golden Super Star Trading House bythe Government of India.

HeadquarterHindustan Lever Limited has its headquarters at Mumbai.

Present ManagementMr. Harish Manwani is the Present non executive Chairman of the company.

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Products OfferedMajor Brands in various product offerings of company include:Cigarettes - India Kings, Gold Flake, Wills, Classic, Capstan, Insignia etc.Food Brands - Kitchens of India (ready to eat food and cooking paste) Sunfeast Biscuits, AshirwadReady Meals, Aashirwad salt and Aashirwad Atta.Confectionary - Minto-O, Candyman, Butterscotch Licks, Orange Licks, Candyman eclairs and WildBanana. Company also offers Mangaldeep brand of matches and agarbattis.Apparel Range - Wills Life Style, John Players.

3. Proctor and Gamble India (P & G)Proctor & Gamble started its operation in India when Vicks Product Inc. India was established in 1951.In 1964, a public limited company, Richardson Hindustan Limited (RHL) was formed which obtained alicense from the government to produce menthol oil and Vicks range of products. In 1967, RHLintroduced CLEARASIL, the pimple cream and subsequently in 1979, VICKS ACTION 500 waslaunched. In 1985, RHL became an affiliate of Proctor & Gamble Company, USA and the name wasfinally changed to Proctor & Gamble, India in 1989. In 1991, Ariel brand of detergent was introduced.In 1993, Proctor and Gamble India started the marketing of Old Spice brand of products. In 1999, thename of the company was changed to Proctor & Gamble Hygiene and Health Care Limited.

HeadquarterP & G India is headquartered at Mumbai.

Products OfferedThe various products offered by P & G are Whisper Ariel Tide Pantene Pro V Head & Shoulders Rejoice Pampers

IV. Telecom SectorAccording to a recent report by CRIS INFAC the Indian Telecom Sector is one of the fastest growing,high potential telecom markets in the world. The total subscriber base in India is expected to growfrom 98.1 million in 200405 to 283.7 million in 200910 at a Compounded Annual Growth Rate(CAGR) of 24.3 percent. The urban teledensity is expected to cross 50 percent mark by 200910 andthe rural teledensity would reach double figures. Wireless telephony services (Mobile & fixed wireless)until now account for almost the entire growth in the sector. The mobile subscriber base is expected togrow from 52.2 million at the end of 2004 05 to 210.2 million in 2009 10. The fixed line subscriberbase is expected to grow from 45.9 million at the end of 200405 to 73.4 million in 2009 10.

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Present ManagementMr. Li Ka-Shing is the Chairman of Hutchison Whampoa Hong Kong and Mr. Asim Ghosh is theManaging Director of Hutchison Essar.

3. Reliance Communications Limited (RCL)Reliance Communications Limited was originally incorporated on July 15, 2004 under the CompaniesAct, 1956 as Reliance Infrastructure Limited. The status of the company was changed from privatelimited to public limited on July 25, 2005. The name of the company was changed to RelianceCommunication Ventures Ltd. on August 3, 2005. The name has since been changed to its presentname - Reliance Communications Limited, under a fresh Certificate of incorporation obtained from thegovernment for the consequent change of name on June 7, 2006.

HeadquarterReliance Communications Limited is headquartered at Navi Mumbai.

Present ManagementMr. Anil Dhirubhai Ambani is the present chairman of the company

V. Infrastructure SectorInfrastructure Development has begun to pick up over the past two years and is set to surge over thenext few years. Driven by government initiatives, private participation in the sector, innovative financingschemes and low interest rate on borrowing, have made it easier and cheaper for companies to fundlarge projects. According to a recent CMIE (Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy) report, the furthergrowth expected in the sector would require investments to the tune of Rs. 6,196 billion over FY 2005 08. The focus of the PublicPrivate partnership is on development of roads, ports and power sector.All these initiatives would translate into huge earnings for the construction companies.

Key Players in the Market

1. Jaiprakash Industries (Jaypee Group)The Jaypee Group is a well diversified infrastructure company of India. The company was set up byShri Jayparakash Gaur in 1979. After his stint with the government of Uttar Pradesh, he branched offon his own as a Civil Contractor in 1958. Jaiprakash Associates Pvt. Ltd (JAPL) was set up in 1979. In1980, Hotel Siddharth (New Delhi) and Hotel Vasant Continental (New Delhi) were set up. In 1983,Jaypee Rewa Cement Plant (JRCL) was set up and subsequently Jaiprakash Industries Limited (JIL)was formed in 1986 by amalgamation of JAPL into JRCL. In 1992, the group ventured into powersector and two New Companies Jaiprakash Hydro Power Ltd. (JHPL) and Jaiprakash Power VentureLtd. (JPVL) were formed. In the year 2000, Jaypee Cement Ltd (JCL) was set up after a merger of

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4. GMR GroupGMR Group is an infrastructure development company founded in 1978. The group today has majorinterests in energy, transportation and business in manufacturing. As a part of groups corporate socialresponsibility initiative, GMR Varalakshmi foundation (GMRVF) was established in 1991 with focus oneducation, community services, health and hygiene and creation of livelihood through empowerment oflocal communities. In early 2006, the group also bagged the contract for restructuring and modernizingDelhis International Airport, jointly with FRAPORT (Frankfurt airport)

HeadquarterThe company has its corporate office at Bangalore.

Present ManagementMr. G. M. Rao is the founding chairman of the GMR Group.

VI. Major Business Groups

1. Tata GroupBorn in a Parsi family in 1839, Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata came to Bombay at the age of 14. In 1868, hestarted a private trading firm with a capital of Rs.21000, laying the foundation of what now exists asTata Group. His travels in the Far East and Europe created a strong desire in him to manufacture cottongoods. Finally, he launched the famous Central India Spinning, Weaving and Manufacturing companyin 1874 marking the groups entry into Textiles. Sir Jamsetji Tata envisaged enabling India to competewith the British Empire on its own terms. The group later moved in to steel, electric power, locomotives,automobiles, banking, insurance, hotels and eventually information technology. Jamsetji had got theapproval for building a steel plant in 1895. Many years were spent in surveying the Indian terrain beforethe group hit gold in the remote coalfields of Bengal which had ore with rich iron content and acontinuous flow of water. The Tata Iron and Steel Company was founded in 1907 at Jamshedpur, inBihar (present day Jharkhand). Sir Dorabji Tata, aided by his cousin RD Tata, saw Jamsetjis projectsthrough to the stage of accomplishment. Sir Dorabji always believed that wealth must be put toconstructive use. Towards the end of his career in 1932, he put all his wealthincluding the 245-caratJubilee Diamond, twice as large as the Koh-i-noor and estimated at Rs. 1 croreinto a trust for theadvancement of learning and research, the relief of distress and other charitable purposes. JehangirRatanji Dadabhoy Tata (JRD) was born in Paris on July 29, 1904. JRD, as he was fondly referred to allhis life, arrived at group headquarters, Bombay House to work under John Peterson, director-in-chargeof Tata Steel, in 1925. In 1938, after the death of Sir Nowroji Saklatvala, chairman of Tata Sons, JRDTata was catapulted to be the head of Indias largest industrial empire. He was barely 34. JRDs passionfor flying was fulfilled with the formation of the Tata Aviation Service back in 1932. Just beforeIndias Independence, in 1945, Tata Steel promoted the Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company

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1998 : Tata Indica, Indias first indigenously designed, developed and manufactured car is launched.

1999 : The new Tata Group corporate mark and logo are launched.

2001 : Tata-AIG a joint venture between the Tata Group and American International GroupInc (AIG) marks the Tatas re-entry into insurance. (The Groups insurance companyNew India Assurance, was nationalised in 1956). The Tata Group Executive Office(GEO) is set up to design and implement change in the Tata Group and to provide long-term direction.

2003 : Tata BP Solar inaugurates plant; launches three new products. Tata Motors launches CityRover Indica fashioned for the European market.

2005 : Tata Steel acquires Singapore-based steel company NatSteel by subscribing to 100 percent equity of its subsidiary, NatSteel Asia.

HeadquarterThe Tata Groups holding company has its headquarters at Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Present ManagementMr. Ratan Tata is the present Chairman of the group.

Group Companies

Engineering Services/ Products

Power Chemicals Communication IT Consumer Products

Services

Global Operations

TAL Manufacturing

Solutions

Tata BP Solar India

Rallies India Tata Sky Nelito

Systems

Tata McGrawhill publishing

Indian Hotels (Taj Group)

Tata Enterprise

AG

Tata AutoComp

System

Tata power

Tata Chemicals

Tata Teleservices

SerWizSol Tata Tea

Taj Housing Development Corporation

(THDC)

Tata Incorporated

Tata Holset Tata

Pigments Tatanet

Tata Elxsi

Trent

Tata International

Tata Motors VSNL Tata

Technolgies Tata

Ceramics Financial Services

Tata International

AG

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The successful streak of entrepreneurship continued with Keshav Prasad Goenka, son of Sir BadridasGoenka. He managed to steer his companies through the pre-independence and post-independence eraand in the 1950s, embarked on a course of expansion and diversification at an escalating tempo.

Keshav Prasad Goenka acquired the two British trading houses, Duncan Brothers and OctaviusSteel. In the early 1960s, he promoted three companies in the automobile tyre industry namely PhillipsCarbon Black and acquired several others. By the end of 1970s, when he progressively retired leavingthe management of his business to his three sons, he had acquired substantial interests in tea,automobile tyre, jute, cotton textile and electric cables. Like his father, he played an active role inpublic life. He held the position of President of FICCI in 1965, and became a director of Indiascentral bank, the Reserve Bank of India, a position later held by his son Rama Prasad Goenka,better known as RP Goenka.

In 1979, the fortune owned by Keshav Prasad Goenka was shared amongst his three sons. Fromowning four companies; Phillips Carbon Black, Asian Cables, Agarpara Jute and Murphy India, with aturnover of Rs 75 crore, RP Goenka, led the group to what it is today: a Rs 7,472 crore company (US$1.65 billion), with more than 20 companies in 7 different business sectors. With razor sharp businessinstincts, RP Goenka excelled in buying and selling companies. His first purchase was CEAT Tyres ofIndia in 1981. In the 1980s, this takeover specialist acquired KEC (1982), Searle India (1983, laterrenamed RPG Life Sciences), Dunlop (1984), HMV (1988), and finally in 1989,CESC, HarrisonsMalayalam, Spencer & Co. and ICIM.

In 1990, he entrusted the management of the group to his two sons, Harsh and Sanjiv Goenka. RPGoenka became Chairman Emeritus, Harsh Goenka Chairman and Sanjiv Goenka Vice-Chairman ofRPG Enterprises.

Milestones1979 : Inception of RPG Enterprises by Mr RP Goenka, a Rs. 700 million group, which comprises

Phillips Carbon Black, Asian Cables, Agarpara Jute and Murphy (India)

1983 : RPG Life Sciences (formerly Searle India) is acquired.

1985 : Saregama India (formerly the Gramophone of India Ltd.) is acquired

1988 : HMV (His Masters Voice) is acquired.

1989 : Harrisons Malayalam Ltd., Spencers CESC Ltd., Raychem RPG (formerly RaychemCorporation) and Zensar Technologies (formerly ICIL) are acquired.

1995 : RPG Cellular commences its operations.

1996 : RPG Netcom is established.

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3. Bajaj GroupThe Bajaj Group is amongst the top 10 business houses in India. Its footprint stretches over a widerange of industries, spanning automobiles (two-wheelers and three-wheelers), home appliances, lighting,iron and steel, insurance, travel and finance.

The groups flagship company, Bajaj Auto, is ranked as the worlds fourth largest two and three wheelermanufacturer and the Bajaj brand is well-known in over a dozen countries in Europe, Latin America, theUS and Asia.

Founded in 1926, at the height of Indias movement for independence from the British, the group hasan illustrious history. The integrity, dedication, resourcefulness and determination to succeed whichare characteristic of the group today, can be traced back to its birth during those days of relentlessdevotion to a common cause. Jamnalal Bajaj, founder of the group, was a close confidant and discipleof Mahatma Gandhi. In fact, Gandhiji had adopted him as his son. This close relationship and his deepinvolvement in the independence movement did not leave Jamnalal Bajaj with much time to spend on hisnewly launched business venture.

His son, Kamalnayan Bajaj, then 27, took over the reins of business in 1942. He too was close toGandhiji and it was only after Independence in 1947, that he was able to give his full attention to thebusiness. Kamalnayan Bajaj not only consolidated the group, but also diversified into variousmanufacturing activities.

HeadquarterBajaj group is headquartered at Pune, Maharashtra.

Present ManagementThe present Chairman and Managing Director of the group, Rahul Bajaj, took charge of the business in1965. Under his leadership, the turnover of the Bajaj Auto, the flagship company, has gone up fromINR 72 million to INR 46.16 billion (USD 936 million) and its product portfolio has expanded and thebrand has found a global market. He is one of Indias most distinguished business leaders and isinternationally respected for his business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit.

Bajaj Group Companies

Bajaj Auto Ltd. Mukand Global Finance Ltd.

Bajaj Electricals Ltd. Bachraj Factories Pvt. Ltd

Bajaj Hindustan Ltd. Bajaj Consumer Care Ltd.

Maharashtra Scooters Ltd. Bajaj Auto Holdings Ltd.

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1966 : The Indian Rayon Corporation Ltd. is acquired.

1985 : Indias first gas-based fertiliser plant in the private sector Indo Gulf goes on stream atJagdishpur, UP

1986 : The Birla Growth Fund is set up.

1990 : Mr Kumar Mangalam Birla gets actively involved in the Groups operations.

1995 : The group enters the telecommunications sector through a joint venture with AT & T (USA)

1996 : All group companies are consolidated under the umbrella of the Aditya Birla Group, led byMr. Kumar Mangalam Birla.

1999 : A joint venture with financial services major Sun Life of Canada is inked, as part of theoverall restructuring of the Groups financial services business.

2000 : Indian Rayon acquires Madura Garments and selected overseas brand rights, takingthe Group to the top of the league in the branded apparels sector.

The Group forays into e-business through a strategic alliance of its software arm, BirlaSoftware and Consultancy Services (BCSS), with Lawson Software (USA).

Gyanodaya, the Institute of Management Learning of the Aditya Birla Group, isinaugurated.

Hindalco acquires Indal. The Indal board is reconstituted. Mr Kumar Mangalam Birlabecomes Indals new chairman. The Group holding goes up to 74.6 percent, and furtherincreases to 96 per cent in FY03.

The Insurance Regulatory Development Authority (IRDA) grants registration in principleto Birla Sun Life Insurance Company. Indian Rayon acquires major world rights forinternational apparel brands Louis Philippe, Allen Solly and Peter England.

The Group announces its intention to launch a 450 MW Green Power Projectin Karnataka.

The merger of Birla AT&T and Tata Cellular is completed

2004 : Board reconstituted with Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla taking over as Chairman. Completionof the implementation process to de-merge the cement business of L&T andcompletion of open offer by Grasim, with the latter acquiring controlling stake in thenewly formed company UltraTech.

HeadquarterThe group is headquartered at Mumbai, Maharashtra.


z Commonly used business terminologies

Chapter 9

Key Business Terminologies

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CommodityAny saleable item in commerce or trade which has a value attached to it, is termed as a commodity.

Comparative AdvantageWhen a country specializes in products that it can produce at a lower cost than another country andcan trade them to get products which it can only produce at a higher cost than that another country,then the former country has a comparative advantage to the latter.

Concentrated IndustryAn industry in which a few large companies dominate the manufacturing and sale of a given productline, such as automobiles is termed as a concentrated industry.

ConglomerateA big business comprising several product lines and unrelated industries is termed as a conglomerate.

Consumer GoodsProducts used to meet immediate consumer demands, rather than being used for further productivepurposes is called consumer goods.

Consumer Price IndexA measure of the cost of living as tabulated by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics based on the actualretail prices of a wide variety of consumer goods and services at a given time and compared to a baseperiod which is changed from time to time.

Cost-Benefit AnalysisMeasurement of costs of a specific procedure, program, product or service in terms of the benefits itwill yield against the cost, is termed as cost-benefit analysis.

CostPush InflationAn increase in price level in the economy stemming from an increase in cost of production rather thanan increase in demand is termed as cost-push inflation.

DebentureA debenture is usually a written secured or unsecured promise to pay, issued by a company or government.

Deficit FinancingA situation in which government spending exceeds government income, with the difference covered byborrowing.

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Economic ProfitThe profit after all implicit and explicit costs of production and operation are paid, taking into accountalternative uses the resources applied to a business.

Economies of ScaleAn increase in the factors of production, as in market production resulting in a proportionategreater increase in productivity output per unit of production is termed as economies ofscale.

EntrepreneurA person who assumes the risk and responsibility attached with starting and operating a business iscalled an entrepreneur.

Equity PartnershipA limited partnership arrangement for providing start-up and seed capital to a business for itsoperations.

Exchange RateThe price that a country must pay to exchange its currency with the currency of another nation istermed as exchange rate of that country.

Factors of ProductionThe resources like land, labor capital and enterprise, necessary for the production of goods and servicesare called factors of production.

Free Trade ZoneA port designated by the government of a country for dutyfree entry of any non-prohibited goods.Merchandise can be stored, displayed, etc., within the zone and re-exported without duties being paid.Duties are paid only when the goods pass from the zone into the area of the country subject to thecustoms authority.

Fringe BenefitAny variety of indirect, non-cash benefits provided to employees by employers in addition to regularwage or salary compensation is called fringe benefit.

Fringe Benefit TaxThe tax paid by the employer or his company on the benefits offered to the employees, is termed asfringe benefit tax.

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OligopolyAn oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellerswho are called oligopolists.

PatentA patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a patentee (the inventor or assignee) for a fixedperiod of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method,process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which is new, inventive, anduseful or industrially applicable.

Private EnterpriseA system in which means of production are owned and operated by an individual or a group of individualsor privately owned organizations for the purpose of making profits, as opposed to government ownedand controlled corporations, is termed as a private enterprise.

Real IncomeReal Income refers to the amount of money earned by an individual during a period of time, with whichhe/she can buy goods and services.

RecessionRecession refers to a period in the economy, when the economic activity witnesses an overall declinein production and employment.

SpeculationThe act of putting money into some security or company or scheme with the hope of quick, sizeableprofit; usually involves a significant degree of risk.

StocksIn financial markets, stock is the capital raised by a corporation through the issuance and distributionof shares.

Stock MarketA stock market is a market for the trading of a companys stock, and derivatives of the same; both ofthese comprise securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those which are only traded privately.

SubsidySubsidy is a kind of government assistance to a company in the form of grant, tax break, or tradebarrier to encourage production or purchase of the goods.


z Commonly used business and economic abbreviations

Chapter 10

Business and Economic Abbreviations

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ER & DC : Electronic Research and Development Centre

ESOP : Employee Stock Ownership Plan

FDI : Foreign Direct Investment

FICCI : Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry

FII : Foreign Institutional Investor

GATT : General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GDP : Gross Domestic Product

GDR : Global Depository Receipt

GNP : Gross National Product

ICRA : Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India

IDBI : Industrial Development Bank of India

IFC : Industrial Finance Corporation; International Finance Corporation

IPO : Initial Public Offering

IRR : Internal Rate of Return

JIT : Just In Time

JV : Joint Venture

KPI : Key Performance Indicators

LIBOR : London Inter-bank Offered Rate

LIC : Life Insurance Corporation of India

LIFO : Last In, First Out

M1 : Money supply with public

M2 : M1 + time related deposits + savings deposits, money market funds.

M3 : Aggregate monetary resources

MNC : Multi National Corporation

MOU : Memorandum of Understanding

MSCI : Morgan Stanley Capital International

NABARD : National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development


z Sole Proprietorship Business

z Partnership Business

z Company

Chapter 11

Types of Business Entities

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Characteristics of a Partnership Business

i. An association of two or more persons.

ii. An agreement entered into by all persons concerned.

iii. Existence of business (and not just an agreement) .

iv. The carrying on of business by all, or any one of them acting for all.

v. Sharing of profits (or losses)of the business.

From the point of view, the main thing is that relations among the partners will be governed by mutualagreement. The agreement is known as The Partnership Deed which is to be properly stamped. It shouldbe comprehensive to avoid disputes later on. It is usual therefore, to find the following clauses in aPartnership business:

i. Name of the firm and the partnership business.

ii. Commencement and duration of business

iii. Amount of capital to be contributed by each partner

iv. Rate of interest to be provided to each partner on his capital

v. Disposal of profits and the ratio in which it would be done

vi. Amount to be allowed to each partner as drawings and the timings of such drawings

vii. Whether a partner will be allowed a salary

viii. Any variation in the mutual rights and duties of the partners

ix. Method by which goodwill will be calculated

x. Procedure by which a partner may retire and the method of payment of his dues

xi. Treatment of losses arising out of the insolvency of a partner

xii. Preparation of accounts and their audit

3. COMPANY

The word Company etymologically is a combination of two Latin words Com meaning with or togetherand Pains meaning bread. Originally, it referred to a group of persons who took their meals together.

In business terminology, a company refers to a legal entity formed which has a separate legal entity from itsmembers, and is ordinarily incorporated to undertake commercial business.

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Types of Companies1. Public Company

Public Company is a company in which shares are held collectively by the general public rather than aselected few individuals. Minimum number of members in a public company is seven, if membersbecome less than seven, the company is no longer a public company but is rather a private company.

2. Private CompanyPrivate company means a company which by its articles of association,

Restricts the right of members to transfer its shares

Limits the number of its members to fifty. In determining this number of 50, employee-members andex-employee members are not to be considered.

Prohibits an invitation to the public to subscribe to any shares in or the debentures of the company.If a private company contravenes any of the aforesaid provisions, it ceases to be a private company andloses all the exemptions and privileges which a private company is entitled to. Minimum number ofmembers in a private company is two. A private company does not need a separate certificate from theRegistrar of Companies for the commencement of its business.

3. Companies deemed to be Public Limited CompanyA private company will be treated as a deemed public limited company under one of the followingcircumstances: Where at least 25% of the paid up share capital of a private company is held by one or more body

corporates, the private company shall automatically become a public company on and from the dateon which the aforesaid percentage is so held.

Where the annual average turnover of the private company during the period of three consecutivefinancial years is not less than Rs 25 crores, the private company shall be, irrespective of its paid upshare capital, deemed a public company.

Where not less than 25% of the paid up capital of a public limited company is held by the privatecompany, then the private company shall become a public company on and from the date on whichthe aforesaid percentage is so held.

Where a private company accepts deposits from public, after an invitation is made by advertisement orrenews deposits from the public (other than from its members or directors or their relatives), such companyshall become public company on and from the date when such acceptance or renewal is first made.

4. Limited and Unlimited CompaniesCompanies may be limited, limited by shares or limited by guarantee.

a) Company limited by shares - In this case, the liability of the members is limited to the amount ofuncalled share capital. No member of the company limited by the shares can be called upon to pay morethan the face value of shares or so much of it as has remained unpaid. The members of limited companieshave no liability in case of fully paid up shares.


z Important governing institutions

Chapter 12

Important Governing Institutions

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HeadquarterNASSCOM has its headquarters at New Delhi

Present ManagementMr. B. Ramalinga Raju Chairman, NASSCOMMr. Kiran Karnik President, NASSCOM

4. Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE)Bombay Stock Exchange Limited is the oldest stock exchange in Asia with a rich heritage. Popularly knownas BSE, it was established as The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association in 1875. It is the first stockexchange in the country to obtain permanent recognition in 1956 from the Government of India under theSecurities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956.The Exchanges pivotal and pre-eminent role in the developmentof the Indian capital market is widely recognized and its index, SENSEX, is tracked worldwide. The Exchangeis professionally managed under the overall direction of the Board of Directors. The Board compriseseminent professionals, representatives of Trading Members and the Managing Director of the Exchange.The Exchange has a nation-wide reach with its presence in 417 cities and towns of India. The systems andprocesses of the Exchange are designed to safeguard market integrity and enhance transparency in operations.

HeadquarterThe BSE is located in Mumbai.

Present ManagementMr. Rajnikant Patel Managing Director & CEO, Bombay Stock Exchange.

5. National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE)The National Stock Exchange of India was promoted by leading financial institutions at the behest ofGovernment of India and was incorporated in 1992 as a tax paying company. On its recognition as a stockexchange in April 1993 under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, NSE commenced operationsin the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segmentcommenced operations in November 1994 and operations in Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.

HeadquarterThe NSE is located in Mumbai.

Present ManagementMr. Ravi Narain Managing Director & CEO, National Stock Exchange of India.

6. Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI)Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is a board (autonomous body) created by the Government ofIndia in 1988 and given statutory form in 1992 under the SEBI Act 1992. SEBI has three functions rolledinto one body: legislative, judicial and executive. It drafts rules in its legislative capacity, it conducts enquiriesand enforcement action in its executive function and it passes rulings and orders in its judicial capacity. SEBIhas had a mixed history in terms of its success as a regulator. Though it has pushed systemic reformsaggressively and successively (e.g. the quick movement towards making the markets electronic and paperless),it seems to lack the legal expertise needed to sustain prosecutions/enforcement actions.


z Special Economic Zone (SEZ)

z Indian Stock Market

z Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Chapter 13

Miscellaneous Business Knowledge

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The units are also exempted from Central Excise duty on procurement of capital goods, rawmaterials, consumable spares etc. from the domestic market.

The central sales tax paid by the units in a SEZ on domestic purchases is reimbursed. Also 100%income tax exemption is provided for a block of five years, 50% tax exemptions for two years andup to 50% of the profits are ploughed back for a period of 3 years under section-10 A of theIncome tax Act.

100% income-tax exemption for a period of 3 years & 50% income-tax exemption for a period of 2years is provided to off-shore banking units under section 80-L(A) of the Income-Tax Act (IT Act)

100 % Foreign Direct Investment is allowed in manufacturing sector. Duty free goods, imported or purchased by the units have to be utilized within 5 years from the

date of import/purchase. No separate documentation is required for customs and EXIM (Export-Import) policy. Support services like banking, post office clearing agents etc. are provided within the zone complex. Exemption from Custom/Excise Duty is provided on goods manufactured by units set up in

the zone.

INDIAN STOCK MARKET

Indian stock markets have been on a ride for quite some time. In the beginning of 2005, the sensex wasaround 6000 or so levels, but till date it has already once crossed 14000 levels. Nothing so dramatic hashappened in last one year that justifies this kind of growth. Indian economy is definitely on a rise, butthe rise is not enough to warranty such kind of valuations for the stocks. Almost all the major stocksare trading at their all time highs.

The fundamentals that govern the market operations are strong and do not react to many negativeevents that the stock market has faced during the last year, such as floods in Mumbai, soaring oil pricesin the World or SEBI banning some well known brokers for their involvement in trade malpractices etc.Some analysts predict that this is a bubble, and can burst any time. Sensex and Nifty breach new highseveryday, and this does not seem to be stopping.

The valuations of all the stocks have gone haywire. Market value of the actively traded companies hassimply doubled in this rally and some of even the lesser known stocks have gained obscene valuationsand P/E (Price to Earning) ratios. Are all these really justified? What is driving the markets forward?

The answer lies in the simple principle of demand and supply. Nowadays, more and more people aretaking stocks as a serious investment option. Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) are being more andmore attracted to Indian markets. And there is lot of surplus cash available. So, everyone is vouchingfor a share of pie in this exciting space, and thats what is keeping the markets going upwards. This isalso proven by the kind of interest that IPOs are getting. Almost all the companies that are launching

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The Sensex took just 26 trading sessions to move from 13000 to 14000 and the Nifty has conquered4000. Sensex has gained nearly 6 per cent over the last one month, mostly led by banking, capitalgoods and technology stocks. Among the sectoral indices on the BSE, the bank index (Bankex) hasbeen the best performer with gains of close to 10 per cent over the last one month or so. BSE capitalgoods and BSE IT indices also did well during this period.

SBI was the best performer in the rally from 13000 to 14000, with gains of over 20 per cent. Telecomstocks - Bharti and Reliance Communications gained between 16 and 18 per cent each. Cement stocksalso had a good time as ACC rallied almost 19 per cent and Gujarat Ambuja gained over 9 per cent.

Total market capitalisation of all listed Indian companies now stands at a staggering Rs. 36.4 lakhcrore, higher than last financial years GDP of Rs. 32 lakh crore at current prices.

With a market capitalisation of around $820 billion, India now ranks fourth among the largest stockmarkets in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan leads the region with a market cap of over $4 trillion, followedby Hong Kong and Australia. India is followed by South Korea at the fifth position. With some highprofile IPOs like Cairn India, Power Finance Corporation and Idea Cellular which would have a combinedmarket value in excess of $30 billion in the pipeline, India would extend its lead in market cap overSouth Korea by early next year.

Among major global markets, India has been only the 4th best performing market over the last monthand the worst among the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) economies. Shanghai has been the bestperformer with returns in excess of 16 per cent followed by Russia, which gained nearly 9 per cent.Brazil gained nearly 8 per cent during this period.

However, a large section of retail investors have not benefited from this rally. The up move has beenvery selective and has bypassed many stocks, especially in the mid-cap and small-cap spaces. Retailinvestors are still stuck in positions built before the May 2006 slump.

Mid-caps lagMid-caps are yet to regain the heights scaled in May last year and many stocks continue to trade withsignificant discounts from the levels seen earlier this year. The CNX Mid-cap Index is still around 200points below its lifetime high of 5350 touched in May 2006. A large number of the 100 stocks, whichform this index, are still trading below their May levels.

The BSE Mid-cap index has gained only around 4 per cent over the last one month and is more than 300points below its lifetime high. On the BSE Mid-cap Index, more than 60 per cent of the stocks, whichare part of the index, are trading below their May levels and only about 25 per cent have given decentreturns in excess of 10 per cent.

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wheelers and 2-wheelers, appear in the list. As two of the larger telecom companies BSNL & TataTele are as yet unlisted, only two telecom service providers find themselves in the list.

Reliance Industries captured the most valuable company crown from ONGC for a brief period, butthe PSU oil behemoth easily won it back with ease. ONGC now commands a market value of Rs183,333crore or $41.2 billion, which is still nearly $6 billion short of its peak value touched in May this year.Reliance Industries follows with a market cap of $40.01 billion.

Infosys and NTPC are fighting it out for the third place. As of yesterday, Infosys has a modest leadwith a market cap of $27.96 billion while NTPC comes in 4th with a market cap of $27.73 billion.Bharti Airtel has seen a spectacular rally over the last 6 months and is 5th on the list with a market valueof $27.21 billion.

TCS has also done well to lift its market value to $26.14 billion, the last one with a market cap of overRs. 1 lakh crore, and occupies the 6th slot. Reliance Communications, Wipro Limited, ICICI Bank andITC complete the top-10 in terms of market capitalisation.

BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO)

When the rate of growth in software exports slowed earlier in the decade as a result of the tech bubblebursting and the impact of 9/11 on global business, it was IT-enabled Services (ITeS) and businessprocess outsourcing which carried the can.

Now that software exports are rebounding, with leading billion dollar plus companies recording near 50per cent topline growth and stable, if not slightly improving margins, it is time to look at what BPO isdoing. This year (2004-05) BPO exports were slated by Nasscom to grow by over 58 per cent to $5.7billion, until last years figures got revised upwards by $200 million to $5.9 billion.

It is a safe bet that the current year will also eventually clock more than current projections. So is it allhunky dory? No.

Indian software industry has arrived, in a way. The global IT market acknowledges it. But the IndianBPO effort is in a different category.

It is still early days for the industry and several key issues need to be addressed before becomingcertain that BPO will follow in the footsteps of IT.

The BPO outlook, based on the achieved compound annual growth rate of 50 per cent plus, can be alittle rosier than is warranted. Naturally, a lot of it is not the industrys fault.

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One result of this concentration at the commodity end is price competition and the daily threat of newplayers from new geographies offering to work for less.

Bhargava says that Progeon, in any case, has remained well within its self-imposed upper limit of 30per cent of revenues from call handling. Industry sources do not dispute the numbers quoted by Royand Bhargava but the point is that call handling is to BPO today what body shopping was to thesoftware industry.

Everyone knows that it is the staple but it is difficult to get someone to admit: Yes, this is about all thatwe do.

One result of huge demand and commoditisation is massive recruitments and commensuratestaff attrition.

Since call handling does not require high skills, firms recruit mostly on the basis of price (by offeringto pay a bit more) and youngsters doing undifferentiated jobs keep drifting from company to companyto earn more.

Bhargava says his attrition rate is 28 per cent annualised. One well-known company lost over 90 percent of its staff in a single year. Vivek Kulkarni, chairman and CEO of B2K, readily admits, The resultof high attrition and recruitment is a delivery problem. You live from day-to-day, not knowing when achunk of seats will fall vacant and upset your delivery.

The attrition problem has been accentuated by MNCs seeking to rapidly ramp up their captive centres.But interestingly, the bright spots for the industry in the future may be around the MNC captives whowill almost inevitably become third party providers tomorrow.

Starting with industry leader WNS, which was born out of British Airways, and right down to GECISand Indigo Lever today, high end work in some volume may increasingly come out of former MNCcaptives. Right now stand-alone Indian third party BPOs are an endangered species.The BPO industry will bring about a tectonic social shift in ten years. There is so much euphoria aboutthe BPO business that it almost seems too good to be true. New customers land in Bangalore every day,new companies are opened every month, and existing ones are growing at an unbelievable pace.

The government is in favour, the media loves it, college graduates think its cool, and middle managementprofessionals now have a new career optionmove over IT industryBPO is here!

There is, of course, good reason for this optimism. BPO represents a new commercial paradigm forinternational trade in services and Indias unique positioning makes it a beneficiary of this tsunami, that

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Recruitment: If you talk to the leading BPO companies, they will all report a recruitment rate ofaround 5 per cent. This means that out of every 100 people who apply for a job, only five get selected.This ensures that the BPO workers are really the best from amongst the crop of graduates that leaveour colleges every year.

If you put all this together, you have an industry that is recruiting the best people at the entry levelfrom a very wide spectrum of colleges, placing them in a world-class work environment, trainingthem to very high standards and putting them to work for some of the most demanding customersin the world.

Indian BPO industry10 years later... :Now fast forward this situation to 10 years hence. The Indian BPO industry is an enormous success.It has grown at a compounded annual growth rate of 50 per cent and now employs 6.5 million people.If you include people who started life in the BPO industry and have moved on to do other things(assuming an annual attrition rate of 30 per cent for the BPO industry as a whole), you will haveanother 6 million people.

This means that there will be over 12 million individuals in our country who have worked in the BPOindustry, that is, who have been through the rigorous recruitment tests, extensive training, areaccustomed to working in a very high-quality environment, dont consider air-conditioning a luxury,have a very strong work ethic and expect similar professionalism from their colleagues as a matter ofcourse, are used to satisfying very demanding customers, and delivering quality that is second to nonein the world.

These will be the Indians who have acquired global skills without having to migrate to the West.

The underwater earthquake: This is what the IT industry did to India during the 1990s. The dramaticimpact of BPO becomes clearer when you consider the fact that the IT industry employs only about500,000 people. Yet, in 10 years, it transformed the social, economic, and trade pattern of our country.It has increased Indias forex reserves beyond belief and has placed India on the world services mapwhere the Made in India label can be used with pride.

If 500,000 people can transform India in 10 years, imagine what 12 million can dojust think of whatIndia would be like if we have an IT industry 24 times its current sizethe mind boggles.

We will have a large body of people who will deliver, expect and demand quality not just in theirprofessional lives but in their personal lives too. It will no longer be acceptable to have dirtystreets, chaotic traffic, grubby common areas in apartment blocks, and lack of efficiently-runpublic services.

BRM Tests

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10. Which of the following terminologies is not related to share market operations?a) Bulls b) Indexc) Brick and Mortar Company d) Derivatives

11. The brand Dalda has been bought by Bunge, of USA, from which Indian company?a) HLL b) Tata Chemicalsc) Dalmiya Corp. d) Godrej Agrovet

12. With you always is the punchline of __________a) UTI Bank b) Bank of Indiac) SBI d) Induslnd Bank

13. Rabo Bank of Netherlands has a large equity share in which Indian bank?a) Yes Bank b) Vyas Bank c) IndusInd Bank d) South Indian Bank

14. Ramesh Gelli was associated with which of the following scam?a) SEBI scam b) GTB scam c) Security scam d) None of these

15. Which among the following companies is the worlds largest car manufacturer for 2006?a) Ford b) Toyota c) Honda Motors d) General Motors

16. Which of the following persons would you associate with Berkshire Hathaway?a) Larry Page b) Paul Allen c) Warren Buffet d) Helen Hunt

17. Ronald is the mascot of which company?a) McDonald b) Raymonds c) Mattel Toys d) Wal Mart

18. Which among the following is Worlds largest airline?a) United Airlines b) Air America c) American Airlines d) Lufthansa

19. The Taste of India is the punch line of which company?a) ITC b) Amul c) MTR Foods d) Marico Industries

20. Harry Potter book series is published by which publishing house?a) McGraw Hills b) Kaplan c) Scholastic d) Penguin

21. Which among the following companies has tied up with Walt Disney to market its products in India?a) Archies b) Hallmark c) Bilt d) H K Greetings

22. Dish TV is a direct-to-home (DTH) venture launched by which of the following TV networks?a) Star TV b) Prasar Bharti c) India TV d) Zee TV

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35. Last year Petrocon India recently merged itself with which of the following companies?a) Vedanta Resources b) Videocon Industriesc) Reliance Industries Limited d) Tata Power

36. Which among the following cities recently hosted Indias first wedding mall named Shagun ?a) Pune b) Delhic) Kolkata d) Gurgaon

37. Audio giant Blaupunkt GmbH belongs to which country?a) Denmark b) Swedenc) Finland d) Germany

38. Indias first government owned five star hotel is ____a) Hotel Ashok b) Janpath Hotelc) Hotel Jal Mahal d) Qutub Hotel

39. Which company has been ranked Indias most respected Business Conglomerate, in 2006 by theUnited States- India Business council?a) RIL Limited b) ONGCc) Tata Group d) IOC

40. Largest exporter of software services in India for the year 2005-06? (excluding BPO and ITESservices) is _____a) Satyam b) TCSc) Wipro d) Infosys

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10. Which company provides anti virus services for the users of Hotmail?a) Veritas b) Trend Micro c) Norton d) McAfee

11. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) was set up in which year?a) 1962 b) 1972 c) 1982 d) 1978

12. Which company owns Kwality Walls brand of Ice Cream?a) HLL b) P&a

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