Business and human rights including UN Guiding Principles and UN Global Compact စီးပြားေရးႏွင့္ UN Guiding Principles and UN Global Compact မွခမွတ္ထားေသာ လူ႔အခြင့္ေရးမား။ Vicky Bowman Director Myanmar Center for Responsible Business ျမန္မာ့စီးပြ ားေရးက႑ တာ၀န္ယူမႈရွိေရး အေထာက္အကူျပဌာန (MCRB) www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org အမွတ္ ၁၅၊ ရွမ္းရိပ္သာလမ္း (ဆာကူရာ ေဆးရံုအနီး) စမ္းေခာင္းၿမိ႔နယ္၊ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိ႕ ဖုန္း / ဖက္ (စ္ ) ၀၁ ၅၁၀၀၆၉
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Business and Human Rights including UN Guiding Principles and UN Global Compact
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Business and human rights including UN Guiding Principles and UN Global Compact စးပြားေရးႏင UN Guiding Principles and UN Global Compact မခမတထားေသာ လ႔အခြငေရးမား။
Vicky BowmanDirector
Myanmar Center for Responsible Businessျမနမာစးပြားေရးက႑ တာ၀နယမႈရေရး အေထာကအကျပဌာန (MCRB) www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org
Universal rights for all human beings = ”rights holders” လတငးႏင အကးဝငေသာ လ႔အခြငအေရးမား = လ႔အခြငအေရး ပငဆငသမား Freedom and Human dignity လြတလပမႈႏင လသားမား၏ဂတသကၡာရျခငး Without discrimination as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or
other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. လမး၊ အသားအေရာင၊ ကား၊မ၊ ဘာသာ၊စကား၊ ႏငငေရးအယအဆ၊ ႏငငသား၊
ပစၥညး ဥစၥာပငဆငမႈ Protected in international Conventions ratified by States ႏငငမားမ သေဘာတ လကမတေရးထးထားေသာ ႏငငတကာ စာခပမားတြင
ကာကြယေပးထားခၿပးျဖစသည။ State is responsible for protecting the rights of its people = main ”duty
တာဝနရသျဖစသည Individuals and others organs of society including business also have to
respect rights of others တစဥးခငးစႏင အျခားလမႈအဖြ႔အစညး၊ စးပြားေရးလပငနးမားအပါအဝင အျခား
အစတအပငး မားမလညး လ႔အခြငအေရးမားက ေလးစားလကနာရမည။
WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS? လ႔အခြငအေရးမားဆသညမာ ဘာလ။
Economic, social and cultural rights စးပြားေရး၊ လမႈေရး ႏင ယဥေကးမႈ ဆငရာ အခြငအေရးမား
Right to housing, food, water လေလာကေသာ အမရာေနထငမႈ။ အစားအစာရရမႈ။ ေရရရမႈ
Right to non-discrimination and equality ခြျခားဆကဆခရမႈမားမ လြတေျမာကျခငး ႏင႔ညမမႈ
Right to rest and leisure အနားယ အပနးေၿဖ ပငခြင႔Right to a family life မသားစဘ၀ ရပငခြင႔Right to education ပညာသငၾကား ပငခြင႔Right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community
ယဥေကးမႈ၊ ရးရာဓေလ႕ႏငဆငေသာအေလအထမားတြငပါ၀ငခြငရမႈ
Right to work – just and favourable conditions at work သငတငမတမႈရေသာ၊ေဘးကငးလျခေသာလပငနးခြငအေျခအေန၌ အလပလပပငခြင
Core labour standards အဓက အလပသမား အခြငအေရးမား
Freedom from child labour ကေလးအလပသမား ပေပာကေရးFreedom from discrimination in employment/occupation အလပခန႕ထားမႈႏင လပငနးခြငဆငရာ
ခြျခားဆကဆခရမႈမားမ လြတေျမာကျခငးFreedom of association and collective bargaining လြတလပစြာအသငးအပငးဖြ႔စညးခြငႏင
မမအခြငေရးကစေပါငးေစစပေျပာဆ၍သေဘာတညမႈက ရယပငခြင
Freedom from forced or compulsory labour
EXAMPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS - လ႔အခြငအေရး ဥပမာမား။
Civil and political rights ႏငငသား အခြင႕အေရး
Right to life, liberty and security of person အသကရငရပတညခြင၊ လြတလပခြငႏင လျခမႈရခြင
Right to non-discrimination and equality ခြျခားဆကဆခရမႈမားမ လြတေျမာကျခငး ႏင႔ညမမႈ
Freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degradingtreatment or punishment
Right to an effective remedy ထေရာကေသာ ကစားမႈ ရပငခြင႔
Freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention or exile မတရား ဖမးဆး ခပေႏာင ခရမႈ၊ ႏင႔ တငးတပါး၌ခလႈရၿခငးမ လြတေၿမာကမႈ
Right to a fair trial တရားမတေသာ ဥပေဒရ အကအညကရရပငခြင
Right to privacy မမ ကယပငဘ၀ ရပငခြင႔
Right to own property ပစၥညး၊ ဥစၥာပငဆငခြင
Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion လြတလပစြာ ေတြးေခၚႏငခြင၊ ေဖာျပႏငခြင၊ ကးကြယႏငခြင
Right to be free from slavery မတရားခငးေစခရမႈႏင ကၽြနျပခရျခငးတ႔မလြတေျမာကျခငး
EXAMPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS - လ႔အခြငအေရး ဥပမာမား။
Specific standards
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights ဌာနတငးရငးသား အခြင႔အေရးမား
Children’s rights ကေလး အခြင႔အေရးမား
Women’s Rights အမးသမး အခြင႔အေရးမား
Peoples with disabilities မသနစြမး အခြင႔အေရးမား
Migrant workers ေရႊ႔ေျပာငး အလပသမား အခြင႔အေရးမား
Protection for specific groups - တကေသာအခြငအေရးမားက ေစာငေရာကေပးျခငး။
• Launched in 1999 by UN Secretary General • UN ကလသမဂၢအေထြေထြ အတြငးေရးမႈးရးမ ၁၉၉၉ ခႏစတြင
စတငေဆာငရြကခသည။
• Initiative for businesses that are committed to aligning their operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption
……asks companies to embrace, support and enact, within their sphere of influence, a set of core values in the areas of:Human RightsPrinciple 1: Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights; andPrinciple 2: make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses.
LabourPrinciple 3: Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining;Principle 4: the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour;Principle 5: the effective abolition of child labour; andPrinciple 6: the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.
EnvironmentPrinciple 7: Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges;Principle 8: undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility; andPrinciple 9: encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies. Anti CorruptionPrinciple 10: Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery
A company produces and sells organically grown food at an accessible price to consumers= supports right to food, right to health, right to a healthy environment
Company terminates contract of trade union representatives
= violation of the right to freedom of associationကမၸဏမ အလပသမား အဖြ႔အစညး ကယစားလယမားအားစာခပဖကသမးျခငးမား
လြတလပစြာ အသငးဖြ႔စညးခြငအားခးေဖာကျခငး
Company destroys informal settlement close to itsfactory
= violation of the right to housingကမၸဏမ စကရအနးတြင စနစမကေသာေနရာခထားမႈမားကဖကသမးလကျခငး။
အမယာရပငခြငက ခးေဖာကျခငး
Company’s waste water pollutes farmland= violation of the right to foodကမၸဏမ ေရဆး ဆြန႔ပစမႈမားသည လယယာမားကပကစထခကျခငး
အစားအစာရရမႈက ခးေဖာကျခငး Company sells unsafe food products to consumers
= violation of the right to healthကမၸဏမ စတမခရေသာ အစားအစာမားက သးစြသမားထေရာငးချခငး
ကနးမာစြာေနထငမႈက ခးေဖာကျခငး
SOME NEGATIVE EXAMPLES: DIRECT INVOLVEMENT
မေကာငးမြနေသာ ဥပမာအခ ႕ - တကရကပါဝငျခငး
Mining company contracts private security guards who sexually harass women of the community
= linked to violation of right to personal security, women´s rightsသတတးေဖာေရးလပငနးကမၸဏမ ငားယထားေသာ အေစာငမားသည ရပရြာမ အမးသမမားကလငပငးဆငရာ ေစာကားမႈမားျပလပျခငး
အမးသမးမားအခြငေရးျဖစေသာ ကယပငလၿခခြငရရမႈက ဆကႏြယေနသည။
Internet company provides government with private messages political opponents send on email which leads to their arrest
= complicit in violation of freedom of thoughts, expression, arbitrary arrestအငတာနကကမၸဏမ အစးရသ႔ အတကအခေခါငးေဆာငမားထမ သတငးအခကအလကမားကေထာကပေပးၿပး အထနးသမးခရေစျခငး။
UN GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
PROTECTကာကြယေစာငေရာကျခငး
RESPECTေလးစားလကနာျခငး
REMEDYျပနလညကစားေပးျခငး
State should protect the rightsof people against activities of businessတငးျပညမ ျပညသမား၏အခြငအေရးမားအား ဆန႔ကငေသာ စးပြားေရးလပငနးမားအားကာကြယေပးျခငး
Business should respect human rightsစးပြားေရးလပငနးမားမ လ႔အခြငအေရးမားအားေလးစားလကနာသငသည။
Victims of human rightsviolations should have access to a remedyလ႔အခြင အေရးခးေဖာကခထားရေသာ ျပညသမားအတြကျပနလညကစားေပးမႈမားရသငသည။
• Set out the expectations on business - စးပြားေရးလပငနးမား အေပၚ ေမာလငခကမား ခမတျခငး• Enforce laws and ensure those are in line with human rights - လကရဥပေဒမားႏင
လ႔အခြငအေရးက ဥပေဒသကေရာကမႈမား ကကညမႈ ရမရက စစေဆးရနex: Myanmar Human Rights Commission/ National Action Plan - ျမနမာႏငင
သဟဇာတ ရမႈ• Set the example ဥပမာတစခတညေဆာကရန• Encourage business to act responsibly စးပြားေရးမား တာဝနယမႈရစြာ ျပလပရန တကတြနးျခငး• Provide a remedy to victims လ႔အခြငအေရးခးေဖာကခရသမားက ျပနလညကစားေပးျခငး
UN GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Respect Human RightsAll companies should respect all human rights - ကမၸဏအားလးသညလ႔အခြငအေရးမားက လေလးစားလကနာသငသည။• Commit to respect human rights - လ႔အခြငအေရးမားက လကနာရန
ကတကဝတ ျပျခငး• Due diligence: identify your risks and impacts, consult with stakeholders,
or other appropriate means သ႔မဟတ အျခားသငေတာေသာနညးလမးမား
Hotel zone is being created close to Mandalay airport. The land used for the hotel zone used to be farmland. Farmers who had no ownership title over the land were given lowcompensation and had to stop their activities. To implementthe project, a large amount of workers are migrating to find job opportunities.မႏေလးေလယာဥကြငးကပလကတြငဟတယဇနအသစတစခကေဖာေဆာငလကရသည။ ဟတယဇနမားေဖာေဆာငသည႔ ေနရာသည လယေျမမားၿဖစခ႔ၾကသည။ ေျမယာပငဆငခြငအေထာကအထားမရ ေသာလယသမားမားသညေလာေၾကးေငြနညးနညးသာရၾကၿပး ၄ငးတ႔ ၏လပငနးမားကရပရေတာမည။ စမကနးကအေကာငအထညေဖာရနအလပသမားေပါငး ေျမာကျမားစြာသည အလပအကငအခြငအလမးရာေဖြရန ေရႊ႕ေျပာငးလာ ၾကမညျဖစသည။
- What are the changes the project might bring (social or natural environment)? - What could be the positive and negative impacts of the project?- Which rights-holders are impacted by the project? - Which are the human rights involved?