BTS BUS TRACKING USING GPS & GSM SYSTEM INTRODUCTION This project is based on VTU syllabus. The proposed system is based on ATMEL 89C52 µcontroller, which is in our syllabus. For doing this project we use some of the software like Embedded C for programming the application software to the microcontroller. Protel schematic software is used for designing the circuit diagram for this project. Express PCB software is used for designing the PCB for this project. (Since PCB making is a big process and involves lot of machineries, which are expensive. So we are going to outsource this to the manufacture.)
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BTS BUS TRACKING USING GPS & GSM SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
This project is based on VTU syllabus. The proposed system is based on
ATMEL 89C52 µcontroller, which is in our syllabus.
For doing this project we use some of the software like
Embedded C for programming the application software to the
microcontroller.
Protel schematic software is used for designing the circuit diagram for
this project.
Express PCB software is used for designing the PCB for this project.
(Since PCB making is a big process and involves lot of machineries, which
are expensive. So we are going to outsource this to the manufacture.)
ABSTRACT:
The main aim of this project is to map the vehicles and find out the speed of
the vehicles; this system uses GPS receiver/transmitter, GSM
receiver/transmitter with a micro controller.
Imagine the vehicle has left Bangalore at 6 o clock in the morning. If the
officer in charge for that vehicle wants to know where this bus is, he will send
an SMS to that particular bus number. The SMS, which has sent, by the officer
will reach the vehicle, which is traveling and there it will compare the
password and the command. If every thing matches then it will perform the
request required by the officer. In this way we can easily map the vehicle
position or speed of the vehicle from the place where they are sitting.
In our project the PCB is designed by using Express PCB & the circuit is
designed by using Proteus software.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The project consists of GPS receiver and GSM modem with a micro
controller. The whole system is attached to the vehicle. In the other end (main
vehicle station) one GSM mobile phone is attached to the computer with VB
application. So the GPS system will send the longitudinal and altitude values
corresponding to the position of vehicle to GSM Modem.
Imagine the bus has left Bangalore at 6 o clock in the morning. If the officer
in charge for that vehicle wants to know where the vehicle is, he will come to
the computer and click on the vehicle number on the VB program .The VB
program will send an SMS to the vehicle number.
The SMS sent would come through the GSM service provider and then
reach the vehicle, which is traveling, because the vehicle has a GSM device
with sim card. This GSM modem will receive the SMS and send to the
microcontroller in the vehicle. The microcontroller will receive this SMS and
compare the password and the command. If every thing matches then it will
perform the request required by the office.
A place name is assigned for each longitude & latitude. The GSM receiver
in the vehicle office receives these data & gives to the PC through serial port.
The VB program in the PC checks this data with its database & displays the
details of the vehicle on the screen. The device is password controlled i.e.
person who knows the device password only able to operate.
The microcontroller and other devices get power supply from AC to Dc
adapter through voltage regulator. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC
non-regulated. The 7805 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5VDC.
Vital role of power supply in ‘BTS BUS TRACKING USING GPS & GSM SYSTEM’. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non-regulated. The 7805/7812 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5V/12V DC.
Microcontroller:
The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory
technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set
and pin out.
Features:
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
DC OutputAC Power
AC/DC Adapter
Regulator (7805)
Filter
Vital role of Micro controller-AT89C52 in ‘Vehicle position tracking
using GPS AND GSM receiver with licence’ The microcontroller will
receive the SMS, which has sent from the office and compare the password
and the command. If every thing matches then it will perform the request
required by the office.
Memory:
These memory devices are used to store the data for off line process. The
AT24C02A / 04A/ 08A/ 32/64 provides 2048/4096/8192/32,768/65,536 bits of
serial electrically erasable and programmable read only memory (EEPROM)
organized as 56/512/1024/4096/8192 words of 8 bits each. The device is
optimized for use in many industrial and commercial applications where low
power and low voltage operation are essential. The AT24C02A/04A/08A is
available in space saving 8-pin PDIP.
Features
Internally Organized 256 x 8 (2K), 512 x 8 (4K) or 1024 x 8 (8K)
2-Wire Serial Interface (I2C protocol)
High Reliability
– Endurance: 1 Million Write Cycles
– Data Retention: 100 Years
– ESD Protection: >3000V
Vital role of External EEPROM memory in ‘BTS BUS TRACKING USING GPS & GSM SYSTEM’ is used to store the longitudinal and latitudinal values.
RS 232 CONVERTER (MAX 232N) Serial Port:
This is the device, which is used to convert TTL/RS232 vice versa.
RS-232Protocol
RS-232 was created for one purpose, to interface between Data Terminal
Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE) employing
serial binary data interchange. So as stated the DTE is the terminal or computer
and the DCE is the modem or other communications device.
RS-232 pin-outs for IBM compatible computers are shown below. There
are two configurations that are typically used: one for a 9-pin connector and
the other for a 25-pin connector.
Real Time Clock (RTC – DS1307):
This is used to maintain the current time in off line processing. The DS1307
Serial Real-Time Clock is a low power; full binary-coded decimal (BCD)
clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM. Address and data are transferred
serially via a 2-wire, bi-directional bus. The clock/calendar provides seconds,
minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the month
date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including
corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour
format with AM/PM indicator. The DS1307 has a built-in power sense circuit
that detects power failures and automatically switches to the battery supply.
Features
It uses I2C protocol
_ Real-time clock (RTC) counts seconds, minutes, hours, date of the month,
month, and day of the week, and year with leap-year compensation valid up to
2100.
_Two-wire serial interface Consumes less than 500nA in battery backup
mode with oscillator running
Vital role of RTC in ‘BTS BUS TRACKING USING GPS & GSM
SYSTEM’ is used to get the current time.
LCD:
LCDs can add a lot to your application in terms of providing an useful
interface for the user, debugging an application or just giving it a
"professional" look. The most common type of LCD controller is the Hitatchi
44780, which provides a relatively simple interface between a processor and an
LCD. Inexperienced designers do often not attempt using this interface and
programmers because it is difficult to find good documentation on the
interface, initializing the interface can be a problem and the displays
themselves are expensive.
LCD has single line display, Two-line display, four line display. Every line
has 16 characters.
Vital role of LCD in ‘BUS TRACKING USING GPS & GSM SYSTEM‘ is
used to display the corresponding action in written form.
GSM modem (900/1800 MHz):
Semens GSM/GPRS Smart Modem is a multi-functional, ready to use,
rugged unit that can be embedded or plugged into any application. The Smart
Modem can be controlled and customized to various levels by using the
standard AT commands. The modem is fully type-approved, it can speed up
the operational time with full range of Voice, Data, Fax and Short Messages
(Point to Point and Cell Broadcast), the modem also supports GPRS (Class 2*)
for spontaneous data transfer.
Description of the interfaces
The modem comprises several interfaces:
- LED Function including operating Status
- External antenna (via SMA)
- Serial and control link
- Power Supply (Via 2 pin Phoenix tm contact)
- SIM card holder
LED Status Indicator
The LED will indicate different status of the modem:
- OFF Modem Switched off
- ON Modem is connecting to the network
- Flashing Slowly Modem is in idle mode
- Flashing rapidly Modem is in transmission/communication (GSM
only)
Vital role of GSM MODEM in ‘BUS TRACKING USING GPS & GSM
SYSTEM’ is used to transmit and receive the SMS.
GPS RECEIVER:
ITRAX02 receiver produces and interprets messages in accordance with the
NMEA (National Marine Electronics association) standard (its with licence).
The fully autonomous receiver provides high position and speed accuracy
performances as well as high sensitivity and tracking capabilities in urban
conditions. The solutions enable small form factor devices. The deliver major
advancements in GPS performances, accuracy, integration, computing power
and flexibility. They are designed to simplify the embedded system integration
process. The NMEA commands used for controlling the basic ITRAX
operations. The accuracy of the receiver is 50 to 100 meters.
APPLICATIONS
- Car navigation
- Fleet management/tracking
- Palmtop, Laptop, PDA, and Handheld
- Location Based Services enabled devices
Vital role of GPS RECEIVER in ‘BUS TRACKING USING GPS & GSM
SYSTEM’ is used for finding the longitude and latitude values.
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION:
Micro controller-AT89C52:
The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory
technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set
and pin out.
Features:
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory
technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set
and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be
reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory
programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system
programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful
microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to
many embedded control applications. The AT89C52 provides the following
standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines,
Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector
two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and
clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C52 is designed with static logic for
operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power
saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM,
timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The
Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling
all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.
RS 232 CONVERTER (MAX 232N) Serial Port:
This is the device, which is used to convert TTL/RS232 vice versa.
RS-232Protocol
In telecommunications, RS-232 is a standard for serial binary data
interconnection between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and a DCE (Data
Circuit-terminating Equipment). It is commonly used in computer serial ports.
The RS-232 standard defines the voltage levels that correspond to logical one
and logical zero levels. Valid signals are plus or minus 3 to 15 volts. The range
near zero volts is not a valid RS-232 level; logic one is defined as a negative
voltage, the signal condition is called marking, and has the functional
significance of OFF.
RS-232 was created for one purpose, to interface between Data Terminal
Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE) employing
serial binary data interchange. So as stated the DTE is the terminal or computer
and the DCE is the modem or other communications device.
RS-232 pin-outs for IBM compatible computers are shown below. There
are two configurations that are typically used: one for a 9-pin connector and
the other for a 25-pin connector.
LCD:
LCDs can add a lot to your application in terms of providing an useful
interface for the user, debugging an application or just giving it a
"professional" look. The most common type of LCD controller is the Hitatchi
44780, which provides a relatively simple interface between a processor and an
LCD. Inexperienced designers do often not attempt using this interface and
programmers because it is difficult to find good documentation on the
interface, initializing the interface can be a problem and the displays
themselves are expensive.
LCD has single line display, Two-line display, four line display. Every line
has 16 characters.
EEPROM 24C04:
Features
• Low-voltage and Standard-voltage Operation
– 2.7 (VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V)
– 1.8 (VCC = 1.8V to 5.5V)
• Internally Organized 128 x 8 (1K), 256 x 8 (2K), 512 x 8 (4K),
1024 x 8 (8K) or 2048 x 8 (16K)
• 2-wire Serial Interface
• Schmitt Trigger, Filtered Inputs for Noise Suppression