Burrito Book of Microbiology Tales of Tiny Assassins
Feb 25, 2016
Burrito Book of Microbiology
Tales of Tiny Assassins
What Do We Really Need To Know?
• basic characteristics• how they infect a host • what diseases they cause• how they can be stopped.
How Viruses Attack
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Viruses and Bacteria
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There is a HUGE difference in their sizes.
Viruses are 1/10th to 1/100,000th the size of a bacterium.Bacteria are 1/10th to 1/100,000th the size of a protist
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What is a virus?A non-living container of DNA.
Not a cell
Must use another organism to reproduce
Viruses - Basic Characteristics
Virus Structures and Examples
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How We Get Viruses
・Exposure to infected bodily fluids through activities such as sexual intercourse or sharing hypodermic needles.
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・ Sneezes! ・ Coughs ・ Bites from infected animals or insects
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Once a virus has found a new host…
Diseases Caused By VirusMeasles, mumps, rubella, polio,
encephalits, diptheria, chicken pox, small pox, mono, warts,
…and also colds, flu, HIV, yellow fever,herpes, bird flu , hepitiusA/B and many more!
Polio Victim
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Flu epidemic of 1918
…viral pneumonia...
How do You Stop A Virus?
• Immunizations• Natural antibodies• Avoid others who are
infected• Wash your hands• Maintain a strong
immune system
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Monoclonal antibody
What are Bacteria?
• Different bacteria can “eat” everything from sunlight, to sugar to iron and sulfur, and may emit toxins as waste products.
•
Single-celled prokaryotes with tiny flagella.
They can be found everywhere and in large amounts. 100,000 / square inch of skin; 1,000,000,000 /teaspoon of dirt.
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Sphere-shaped bacteria (cocci) sometimes grow in chains or in clumps like a bunch of grapes.
Rod-shaped bacteria (bacilli) can also form in chains.
Spiral-shaped bacteria (spirilla) can use their shape to propel themselves by twisting like a corkscrew.
Bacteria Forms
Diseases Caused by Bacteria
• Whooping Cough ・Leprosy・Tetanus・Salmonella ・Botulism Scarlet fever・
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Ear Ache Strep throat・ Cholera ・ Dysentery Gonorrhea ・ Anthrax ・ Diphtheria ・ Syphilis ・TuberculosisBacterial PneumoniaTetanus
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Leprosy
And don’t forget Septicemia!
How Bacteria Invades• Coughs or sneezes!• Close contact with an infected person
• Contact with feces • Cuts• Indirectly, by touching contaminated surfaces
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•Drinking contaminated water•Eating contaminated food without cooking it thoroughly.
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How Prevented/Cured/Manged
AntibioticsDisinfectantsClean waterCooking meat
throughly
WASHING HANDS!!!!
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…and I’d wash carefully after wearing that meat, too…
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Protists
• Stained Volvox and Amoebas
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Basic Characteristics Of Protists
• Single-celled eukaryotes• Live in water• Everyone classifies differently
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Can live in colonies so they look big, like kelp.
Giardia
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Kelp
Sickness Caused By Protists
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Pfeisteria -pfeisteria dinoflagellateMalaria - plasmodiumAmoebic dysentery -Entamoeba histolytica
Pfeisteria dinoflagelate
Most protists are benign to humans.
How They Infect• Consumed in dirty water• Mosquito bites• Uncooked food
How to Prevent Infection• Clean water• Insecticides, anti-malarial medicines• Cooking food thoroughly
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•Eat decomposing organic material•Like moist areas•Come in many forms•Macroscopic and microscopic
Fungi Characteristics
• Mycelium and hyphae structure
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Sicknesses Caused by Fungi
• Ringworm• Athelete’s Foot• Yeast Infection• Poisoning
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How fungi infect• Spores carry on the wind everywhere.• Athelete’s Foot - direct contact with
fungus on surfaces• Bacteria/fungal imbalance
How Prevented/Cured
• Fungicides• Good hygene• Avoiding fungus-friendly surfaces• Don’t eat wild mushrooms!
What’s on Tuesday’s Test?• All this info about small things that kill
you:• Viruses, bacteria, fungus, protists:
– What they look like, misc. important information, diseases caused by, how to prevent.
What Do We Need To Know About Cells?
• How to use a microscope• Cell Theory• The difference between animal and plant cells.• Role and function of the cell organelles.• Cell processes: photosynthesis, respiration, and
mitosis/meiosis.