U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Bureau of Justice Statistics June 2010, NCJ 230113 Statistical Tables For a list of publications in this series, go to http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbse&sid=38 1,250,000 1,300,000 1,350,000 1,400,000 1,450,000 1,500,000 1,550,000 1,600,000 1,650,000 Number of prisoners -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 Percent change Percent change Dec. Dec. Jun. Dec. Jun. Dec. Jun. Dec. Jun. Dec. Jun. Dec. Jun. Dec. Jun. Dec. Jun. Jun. Jun. 2009 2007 2005 2004 2006 2003 2002 2001 2000 2008 Heather C. West, Ph.D. BJS Statistician As of June 30, 2009, state and federal correctional authorities had jurisdiction over 1,617,478 prisoners, an increase of 0.5% (7,719 prisoners) since December 31, 2008.* Overall, 34 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons reported increases in their prison population during this 6-month period. The Federal Bureau of Prisons reported the larg- est increase with a growth of 5,297 prisoners followed by Georgia (up 1,733), Pennsylvania (up 1,316), Indiana (up 1,207), North Carolina (up 1,062), and Florida (up 1,035). Of the 16 states reporting decreases, California (down 3,644), Texas (down 2,347), and Michigan (down 1,554) reported the largest decreases. Eighteen states reported changes of less than 100 prisoners such as Nebraska (up 1) and Idaho (down 7). The statistical tables included in this report detail the characteristics of the U.S. prison population and provide data on the total custody population. *Jurisdiction refers to prisoners under the legal authority of state and federal correctional officials, regardless of where a prisoner is held. Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009– Statistical Tables Figure 1. Six-month count and percent change of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, June 30, 2000-2009
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U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice ProgramsBureau of Justice Statistics
Bureau of Justice Statistics
June 2010, NCJ 230113
Statistical Tables
For a list of publications in this series, go to http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbse&sid=38
As of June 30, 2009, state and federal correctional authorities had jurisdiction over1,617,478 prisoners, an increase of 0.5% (7,719 prisoners) since December 31, 2008.*Overall, 34 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons reported increases in their prisonpopulation during this 6-month period. The Federal Bureau of Prisons reported the larg-est increase with a growth of 5,297 prisoners followed by Georgia (up 1,733), Pennsylvania(up 1,316), Indiana (up 1,207), North Carolina (up 1,062), and Florida (up 1,035). Of the16 states reporting decreases, California (down 3,644), Texas (down 2,347), and Michigan(down 1,554) reported the largest decreases. Eighteen states reported changes of less than100 prisoners such as Nebraska (up 1) and Idaho (down 7). The statistical tables includedin this report detail the characteristics of the U.S. prison population and provide data onthe total custody population.*Jurisdiction refers to prisoners under the legal authority of state and federal correctional officials, regardless of where a prisoner is held.
Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009– Statistical Tables
Figure 1. Six-month count and percent change of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, June 30, 2000-2009
Selected characteristics of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction:From December 31, 2009 to June 30, 2009—
• The U.S. prison population increased by 7,719 prisoners (0.5%), reaching 1,617,478 prisoners (table 1).
• About 70% (5,297 prisoners) of the prison growth occurred at the federal level. The remaining increase of 2,422 prisoners occurred at the state level.
• About 1 in every 198 U.S. residents was imprisoned with a sentence of more than 1 year, a rate of 504 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents (table 10).
• Males were imprisoned at a rate 14 times higher than females (954 per 100,000 U.S. residents compared to 68 per 100,000 U.S. residents, respectively).
• Approximately 8% (127,688 prisoners) of the prison popu-lation was housed in private facilities (table 11).
• Another 5.1% (82,370 prisoners) of the prison population was housed in local jails (table 13).
Selected characteristics of inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails:As of June 30, 2009—
• State and federal prisons and local jails had custody, or physical guardianship, over 2,297,400 inmates, a decrease of 0.5% since yearend 2008 (table 15).
• The decrease in the custody population resulted from the 2.3% (17,936 inmates) decline of inmates held in local jails.
• About 1 in every 134 U.S. residents was held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, a rate of 748 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents.
• Black non-Hispanic males, with an incarceration rate of 4,749 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents, were incarcer-ated at a rate more than 6 times higher than white non-Hispanic males (708 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents) and 2.6 times higher than Hispanic males (1,822 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents) (table 18).
• One in every 300 black females was incarcerated compared to about 1 in every 1,099 white females and 1 in every 704 Hispanic females.
• Non-U.S. citizens made up 4.1% (94,498 inmates) of the state and federal custody population.
• Another 2,778 inmates in state custody were under age 18.
Figure 2. Change in number of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, December 31, 2008 to June 30, 2009
CaliforniaTexas
MichiganMississippiNew YorkMaryland
IowaKentucky
ConnecticutNevada
UtahRhode IslandNew Jersey
WisconsinNorth Dakota
IdahoNebraska
New HampshireMaine
WashingtonDelaware
HawaiiColoradoWyoming
KansasIllinois
TennesseeVermontVirginia
South DakotaMontana
OhioNew Mexico
MinnesotaMassachusetts
AlaskaWest Virginia
OregonOklahomaAlabama
LouisianaArkansasMissouri
South CarolinaArizonaFlorida
North CarolinaIndiana
PennsylvaniaGeorgiaFederal
U.S. total
-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000Change in number of prisoners
June 2010Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables2
2009 Statistical TablesTable 1. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federalprisons or in the custody of state or federal prisons or inlocal jails, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and2009
Table 2. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 3. Male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 4. Female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 5. Sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 6. Number of sentenced male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state and federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 7. Sentenced male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 8. Number of sentenced female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30 2008 and 2009
Table 9. Sentenced female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30 2008 and 2009
Table 10. Imprisonment rates of sentenced prisoners under jurisdiction of state and federal correctional author-ities, by sex and jurisdiction, June 30, 2009
Table 11. Number of state or federal prisoners in private facilities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 12. Number of state and federal prisoners in private facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 13. Number of state or federal prisoners in local facilities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 14. Number of state and federal prisoners in local facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 15. Inmates held in custody in state or federal pris-ons or in local jails, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 16. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prison or in local jails, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, June 30, 2000-2009
Table 17. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, by sex, race, His-panic origin, and age, June 30, 2009
Table 18. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, June 30, 2000-2009
Table 19. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prison, or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. res-idents, by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, June 30, 2009
Table 20. Reported number of non-U.S. citizens held in custody in state or federal prisons, by sex, region, and jurisdiction, June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 21. Reported number of inmates under age 18 held in custody in state prisons, by sex, region, and jurisdiction, June 30, 2008 and 2009
June 2010Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables3
Table 1. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal prisons or in the custody of state or federal prisons or local jails, December 31, 2000 and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
2005200620072008
2009
20002001200220032004
Male Female
Imprisonment
rateb
Prisoners under jurisdiction
Total Federal State
Sentenced
prisoners a
Incarceration rate for inmates
in custody c
Note: Jurisdiction refers to prisoners under the legal authority of state and federal correctional officials, regardless of where the prisoners are held. Custody refers to the number of inmates held in state or federal prisons or local jails, regardless of sentence length or the authority having jurisdiction.aIncludes prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional officials with sentences of more than one year.bImprisonment rate is the number of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction with a sentence of more than one year per 100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population estimates are from the U.S. Census Bureau for January 1 of the following year for December 31 estimates and July 1 of the current year for midyear estimates. cIncarceration rate is the total number of inmates held in custody of state or federal prisons or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents.
Annual change
6-month change
4 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
dIncludes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology.
West
Table 2. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.: Not calculated.aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
Region and jurisdiction
U.S. total
Northeast
Midwest
South
12/31/2000 12/31/2007 6/30/2008 12/31/2008
bPrison population for yearend 2008 is as of January 2, 2009.
12/31/2007-06/30/2008
12/31/2008-06/30/2009
6-month change
cPrison population based on custody counts.
--Less than 0.05%.
6/30/2009
Number of prisoners
5 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
Table 3. Male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Number of male prisonersRegion and jurisdiction 12/31/2000 12/31/2007 6/30/2008 12/31/2008 6/30/2009U.S. total
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsbility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.:Not calculated.
aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
cPrison population based on custody counts. dIncludes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology.
--Less than 0.05%
bJurisdiction count of yearend 2008 is as of January 2, 2009.
6 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
cPrison population based on custody counts.dIncludes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology .
U.S. total
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
~ Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
--Less than 0.05%.
bJurisdiction counts for yearend 2008 are as January 2, 2009.
12/31/2007-06/30/2008
12/31/2008-06/30/2009
Number of female prisoners 6-month change
Region and jurisdiction 12/31/2000 12/31/2007 6/30/2008 12/31/2008 6/30/2009
Table 4. Females prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
7 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
bIncludes some prisoners sentenced to one year or less. cPrison population based on custody counts. dIncludes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology .
West
Note: Sentenced prisoner is defined as a prisoner under state or federal jurisdiction with a sentence of more than one year.
~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons. :Not calculated.aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
--Less than 0.05%.
12/31/2008-06/30/2009
Number of sentenced prisoners 6-month changeRegion and jurisdiction
Table 5. Sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
12/31/2000 12/31/2007 6/30/2008 12/31/2008 6/30/2009U.S. total
Northeast
Midwest
South
12/31/2007-06/30/2008
8 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
Note: Includes prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional officials with sentences of more than 1 year.: Not calculated.
20032004200520062007
Table 6. Number of sentenced male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state and federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Year200020012002
Federal State
Number of sentenced male prisoners
Total
Percent of all sentenced prisoners
9 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical tables June 2010
Table 7. Sentenced male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
U.S. total
Northeast
Midwest
South
12/31/2007-06/30/2008
12/31/2008-06/30/2009
6-month changeNumber of sentenced male prisoners
Region and jurisdiction 12/31/2000 12/31/2007 6/30/2008 12/31/2008 6/30/2009
West
cPrison population based on custody counts. dIncludes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology .
Note: Includes prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional officials with sentences of more than 1 year.
~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons. :Not calculated.aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations. bIncludes some prisoners sentenced to one year or less.
--Less than 0.05%.
10 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
Note: Includes prisoners under the legal authority of state or federal correctional officials with sentences of more than 1 year, regardless of where they are held.: Not calculated.
Table 8. Number of sentenced female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Percent of all sentenced prisoners
20042005200620072008
200020012002
Federal
2003
StateNumber of sentenced female prisoners
Total
11 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical tables June 2010
cPrison population based on custody counts. dIncludes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology .
Note: Sentenced prisoner is defined as a prisoner under state or federal jurisdiction with a sentence of more than one year
~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.:Not calculated.aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations. bIncludes some prisoners sentenced to one year or less.
--Less than 0.05%.
U.S. total
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Table 9. Sentenced female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
12/31/2007-06/30/2008
12/31/2008-06/30/2009
Number of sentenced female prisoners 6-month changeRegion and jurisdiction 12/31/2000 12/31/2007 6/30/2008 12/31/2008 6/30/2009
12 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
aThe 2008 and 2009 imprisonment rate includes 4,012 male prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year but held in local jails or houses of correction in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. See Methodology .bPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.cIncludes some prisoners sentenced to 1 year or less.dPrison population based on custody counts.
Northeast a
Midwest
South
West
Note: Imprisonment rate is defined as the number of prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year per 100,000 U.S. residents. Based on Census estimates for July 1, 2009.
Table 10. Imprisonment rates of sentenced prisoners under jurisdiction of state and federal correctional authorities, by sex and jurisdiction, June 30, 2009
U.S. total a
Region and jurisdiction Total Male Female2008
Total Male Female2009
13 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
bIncludes prisoners held in out-of-state private facilities.cIncludes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007.
--Less than 0.05%
West
: Not calculated./ Not reported.~ Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
aIncludes federal prisoners held in non-secure, privately operated facilities (8,798 at midyear 2009; numbers from other years can be found in earlier publications).
Table 12. Number of state and federal prisoners in private facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Number of prisoners in private facilities
Northeast
Midwest
South
U.S. total
Percent of all prisoners, 6/30/2009Region and jurisdiction 12/31/2000 12/31/2007 6/30/2008 12/31/2008 6/30/2009
15 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
cNot comparable to previous years. As of 2009, the count includes all prisoners out to court.d Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology .
--Less than 0.05%.
bAs of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
~ Not applicable.
Number of prisoners in local facilities
Table 14. Number of state and federal prisoners in local facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Region and jurisdictionU.S. total
Percent of all prisoners, 6/30/200912/31/2000 12/31/2007 6/30/2008 12/31/2008 6/30/2009
17 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
bNon-secure, privately operated community corrections centers. cCounts for inmates held in local jails are for the last working day of June in each year. Counts were estimated from the Annual Survey of Jails. See Methodology . dThe total number in custody per 100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population estimates were as of January 1 of the following year for December 31 estimates and July 1 of the same year for June 30 estimates.
Local jails c
Incarceration rate d
Note: Total includes all inmates held in state or federal prison facilities or in local jails. It does not include inmates held in U.S. territories, military facilities, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facilities, jails in Indian country, and juvenile facilities. aAfter 2001, responsibility for sentenced prisoners from the District of Columbia was transferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Percent change, 12/31/2008-06/30/2009
Average annual change, 2000-2008
Federal prisoners a
TotalPrisons
Total inmates in custody
Table 15. Inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, December 31, 2000-2008, and June 30, 2008 and 2009
Table 16. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prison, or in local jails, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, June 30, 2000-2009
Note: Detailed categories exclude persons who reported two or more races. All totals include persons under age 18
Totala Whiteb Blackb HispanicMales
Totala Whiteb Blackb Hispanic
aIncludes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races
19 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
bExcludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin.cIncludes persons under age 18.
Male Female
Table 17. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, June 30, 2009
Note: Detailed categories exclude persons who reported two or more races.
Totala Blackb Totala
aIncludes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.
20 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
Table 18. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, June 30, 2000-2009
Note: Based on the U.S. resident population estimates for July 1, 2009, by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age. Detailed categories exclude persons who reported two or more races. All totals include persons under age 18.aIncludes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.
Whiteb Blackb HispanicTotala Totala Whiteb Blackb Hispanic
21 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
Table 19. Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prison, or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents, by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, June 30, 2009
Male Female
Note: Based on the U.S. resident population estimates for July 1, 2009, by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age. Detailed categories exclude persons who reported two or more races. aIncludes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.bExcludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin.
Totala Whiteb Blackb Hispanic Totala Whiteb Blackb Hispanic
22 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
Table 20. Reported number of non-U.S. citizens held in custody in state or federal prisons, by sex, region, and jurisdiction, June 30, 2008 and 2009
2009
U.S. total
Region and jurisdiction Total Male Female
2008Total Male Female
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
/Not reported. aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.bNon-U.S. citizen defined as foreign-born.cNon-U.S. citizen defined as inmates held by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).dNumber of U.S. citizens based only on inmates who reported their citizenship.eNevada was unable to provide sex breakouts for 2008.
23 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
Table 21. Reported number of inmates under age 18 held in custody in state prisons, by sex, region, and jurisdiction, June 30, 2008 and 2009
2008 2009
Northeast
Region and jurisdiction Total Male Female Total Male Female
Midwest
South
West
aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.bCounts include those held in privately-operated facilities.
24 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables June 2010
Methodology
National Prisoner Statistics
Begun in 1926 under a mandate from Congress, the NationalPrisoner Statistics (NPS) program collects statistics on prison-ers at midyear and yearend. The Census Bureau serves as thedata collection agent for the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS).BJS depends entirely on voluntary participation by states'departments of corrections and the Federal Bureau of Prisonsfor NPS data.
The NPS distinguishes between inmates in custody and prison-ers under jurisdiction. To have custody of an inmate, a state orthe Federal Bureau of Prisons must hold that inmate in one ofits facilities. To have jurisdiction over a prisoner, a state or theFederal Bureau of Prisons must have legal authority over theprisoner. Some states are unable to provide counts that distin-guish between custody and jurisdiction.
The NPS jurisdiction counts include prisoners serving a sen-tence within a jurisdiction's facilities including prisons, peni-tentiaries, correctional facilities, halfway houses, boot camps,farms, training or treatment centers, and hospitals. Theyinclude prisoners who are—
• temporarily absent (less than 30 days), out to court, or on work release
• housed in privately operated facilities, local jails, other state or federal facilities
• serving concurrent sentences for more than one correctional authority.
The NPS custody counts include all inmates held within arespondent's facilities including inmates housed for other cor-rectional facilities. The custody counts exclude inmates held inlocal jails and in other jurisdictions. With a few exceptions, theNPS custody counts include inmates held in private facilities.
Additionally, NPS data include counts of inmates in combinedjail-prison systems in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii,Rhode Island, and Vermont.
States and the Federal Bureau of Prisons have the ability toupdate data submitted the previous year. This report providesupdates for midyear and yearend 2008 counts.
Nevada was not able to provide 2007 data. Estimates were cal-culated using ratio estimates. All numbers were reviewed andapproved by the Nevada Department of Corrections.
The District of Columbia (D.C.) became a jail-only jurisdictionby yearend 2001, when the Federal Bureau of Prisons assumedresponsibility for housing all sentenced felons from D.C.Selected previously published prisoner counts and percent pop-ulation change statistics include D.C. jail inmates for 2001, thelast year of collection. See notes in tables for additional infor-mation.
Additional information about the NPS data collection instru-m e nt i s av a i l a b l e on t h e B J S We b s i t e a t < ht t p : / /bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov>.
Other inmate counts
Data on the number of inmates held in the custody of local jailsare from the BJS Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ). The ASJ providesdata on inmates in custody at midyear. For more informationabout the ASJ, see Methodology in Jail Inmates at Midyear 2009—Statistical Tables, BJS Web, 3 June 2010.
Federal prisoner data used to calculate race distributions areobtained from BJS's Federal Justice Statistics Program (FJSP).The FJSP obtains data from the Federal Bureau of Prisons.These data include individual-level records of prisoners in fed-eral facilities as of September 30. Specifically, the FJSP providescounts of sentenced federal inmates by sex, race, and Hispanicorigin.
Estimating age-specific incarceration rates
Estimates are provided for the number of inmates in the cus-tody of state and federal prisons and in local jails, by sex. Fur-ther, within sex prisoners are characterized by age, race (non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black), and Hispanic origin.The detailed race and Hispanic origin categories exclude esti-mates of persons identifying two or more races.
For 2000 and 2008, estimates were produced separately forinmates held in the custody of state and federal prisons and inlocal jails. These estimates were then combined to obtain a totalestimated population. State estimates were prepared by com-bining information about the sex of prisoners from the NPSwith information on self-reported race and Hispanic originfrom the 2004 Survey of Inmates of State Correctional Facilities.
For the estimates of federal prisoners, the distributions of FJSPcounts of sentenced federal prisoners by sex, age, race, and His-panic origin on September 30, 2008 were applied to the NPScounts of sentenced federal prisoners, by sex, at midyear 2009.
Estimates of the U.S. resident population for July 1, 2009, byage, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, were generated by applyingthe June 30, 2008 age distributions within sex, race, and His-panic origin groups to the July 1, 2009 population estimates bysex. The population estimates were provided by the U.S. CensusBureau.
Age-specific rates of incarceration for each demographic groupwere calculated by dividing the estimated number of inmates incustody within each age group by the estimated number of U.S.residents in each age group. That number was multiplied by100,000, and then rounded to the nearest whole number. Sextotals include all inmates and U.S. residents regardless of race orHispanic origin. Incarceration rates for detailed race and His-panic origin groups exclude persons identifying two or moreraces.
June 2010Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables25
DefinitionsAverage annual change—the arithmetic average (mean) annualchange across a specific time period.
Custody—the number of inmates held in state or federal pris-ons or local jails, regardless of sentence length or the authorityhaving jurisdiction.
Imprisonment rate—the number of prisoners under state orfederal jurisdiction sentenced to more than 1 year, per 100,000U.S. residents.
Inmates—individuals held in custody in state or federal prisonsor in local jails.
Jail—confinement facilities usually administered by a local lawenforcement agency, intended for adults but sometimes holdingjuveniles, before or after adjudication. Facilities include jails andcity/county correctional centers, special jail facilities such asmedical treatment or release centers, halfway houses, workfarms, and temporary holding or lockup facilities that are part ofthe jail’s combined function. Inmates sentenced to jail facilitiesusually have a sentence of 1 year or less.
Jurisdiction—the number of prisoners under the legal authorityof state or federal correctional officials regardless where theprisoner is held.
Prisons—compared to jail facilities, prisons are longer-termfacilities run by a state or the federal government and typicallyholding prisoners with sentences of more than 1 year. However,sentence length may vary by state. Connecticut, Rhode Island,Vermont, Delaware, Alaska, and Hawaii—operate integratedsystems which combine prisons and jails.
Prisoners—individuals under the legal authority (jurisdiction)of state and federal correctional officials.
Sentenced prisoner—a prisoner sentenced to more than 1 year.
Total incarceration rate—the number of inmates held in thecustody of state or federal prisons or in local jails, per 100,000U.S. residents.
Total inmates in custody—includes inmates held in any publicfacility run by a state or the Federal Bureau of Prisons, includinghalfway houses, camps, farms, training/treatment centers, andhospitals. This number also includes the number of inmatesheld in local jails as reported by correctional authorities in theAnnual Survey of Jails. Data for jails reflect populations on thelast working day of June.
June 2010Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables26
NPS jurisdiction notesAlaska—Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPSdata include jail and prison populations housed within the stateand outside of the state. Jurisdictional counts exclude inmatesheld in local jails that are operated by communities.
Arizona—Population counts are based on custody data andinmates in contracted beds.
Arkansas—Jurisdiction counts for 2009 include offenders serv-ing concurrent sentences in other states and those out on bond.
California—Jurisdiction counts include felons and unsentencedinmates who are temporarily absent, i.e., housed in local jails,hospitals, etc. This definition is comparable to the 1998 NPS 1bdefinition. Custody counts include inmates housed in contractfacilities outside the state.
Connecticut—Prisons and jails form one integrated system. AllNPS data include jail and prison populations.
Colorado—Counts include 207 male and 10 female inmates inthe Youthful Offender System, which was established primarilyfor violent juvenile offenders.
Delaware—Prisons and jails form one integrated system. AllNPS data include jail and prison populations.
Federal—Custody counts include inmates housed in securefacilities where the Bureau of Prisons contracted directly with aprivate operator or subcontracted with a private provider at alocal government facility. Custody includes inmates held in non-secure privately-operated community corrections centers (e.g.,halfway houses) and in home confinement.
Florida—The 2009 custody count includes all inmates out tocourt. These inmates were previously counted in other statefacilities.
Georgia—Counts are based on custody data.
Hawaii—Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All Ana-pestic include jail and prison populations. Racial counts arebased on the racial distributions in Hawaii’s Corrections Man-agement Information System and inmate counts from each facil-ity.
Illinois—Population counts are based on jurisdiction data.Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year includean undetermined number of inmates with a sentence of lessthan 1 year.
Iowa—Population counts are based on custody data. Populationcounts for inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year includean undetermined number of inmates with a sentence of lessthan 1 year and unsentenced inmates. Iowa does not differenti-ate among these groups in its data system.
Kansas—Population counts for inmates with a sentence of morethan 1 year include a small undetermined number of inmateswith sentences of less than 1 year.
Louisiana—Counts for 2007 are as of December 27, 2007.
Maryland—The exclusive use of an automated data system mayhave rendered counts for 2009 not comparable to previous years’counts.
Massachusetts—By law, offenders may be sentenced to terms ofup to 2 years and 6 months in locally-operated jails and correc-tional institutions. Such populations are included in counts andrates for local jails and correctional institutions. Inmates withsentences of more than 1 year (4,012) were held in local jails.Jurisdiction and custody counts include an undetermined num-ber of inmates who were remanded to court, transferred to thecustody of another state, federal, or locally-operated system, andsubsequently released.
Mississippi—Jurisdiction counts include 1,009 males and 134females with unknown sentence lengths.
Nevada—Due to a system conversion, data for 2007 were calcu-lated with ratio estimates and are based on 2006 numbers. Allestimates were reviewed by individuals at the Nevada Depart-ment of Corrections.
New Jersey—Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1year include an undetermined number of inmates with sen-tences of just 1 year. The Department of Corrections has nojurisdiction over inmates with sentences of less than 1 year orover unsentenced inmates.
Ohio—Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than 1 yearinclude an undetermined number of inmates with sentences of 1year or less.
Oklahoma—Population counts for inmates with sentences ofless than 1 year consist mainly of offenders ordered by the courtto the Delayed Sentencing Program for Young Adults pursuantto 22 O.S. 996 through 996.3.
Oregon—Counts include an undetermined number of inmateswith sentences of 1 year or less. County authorities retain juris-diction over the majority of these types of inmates.
Rhode Island—Prisons and jails form one integrated system.All NPS data include jail and prison populations.
Vermont—Prisons and jails form one integrated system. AllNPS data include jail and prison populations.
Virginia—Jurisdiction counts for 2007 reflect populations onDecember 28, 2007.
June 2010Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables27
U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice ProgramsBureau of Justice Statistics
Washington, DC 20531
Official BusinessPenalty for Private Use $300
PRESORTED STANDARDPOSTAGE & FEES PAID
DOJ/BJSPermit No. G-91
*NCJ~230113*
The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of theU.S. Department of Justice. Michael D. Sinclair is actingdirector.
These Statistical Tables present the first release of findingsfrom permanent data collection programs. Heather C. West,Ph.D. wrote this report. William J. Sabol, P.h.D., SheriSimmons, and Tracy Snell verified the report.
Joshua Giunta carried out the data collection and processing under the supervision of Steve Simoncini, Governments Division, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce.
Catherine Bird and Jill Duncan edited the report, TinaDorsey produced the report, and Jayne Robinson preparedthe report for final printing under the supervision of Doris J.James.
June 2010, NCJ 230113
This report in portable document format and in ASCII andits related statistical data and tables are available at the BJSWorld Wide Web Internet site: <http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=2200>.
Office of Justice ProgramsInnovation • Partnerships • Safer Neighborhoodshttp://www.ojp.usdoj.gov
June 2010Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables28