Lights, Fog Signals & Buoyage 1 22/03/99 Buoyage
Oct 27, 2014
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Buoyage
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Range
During this lesson we will cover the following:
– The IALA buoyage system Region A & B.
– The general & local direction of buoyage.
– The characteristics of the different buoys & lights used in this system.
Lights, Fog Signals & Buoyage
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Objectives
By the end of this lesson you will be able to:– Identify lights, fog signals, and IALA
Buoyage System (Region A & B) by day and night.
– State the meaning of and identify general light characteristics
– Determine the meaning of and be able to pass the safe side of IALA Buoyage (Region A & B)
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IALA International Association of Lighthouse
Authorities
– Founded 1957 based in France
– Non-governmental body
– Recommends improvements to navigational aids based on the latest technology
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History January 11th 1971: the cargo ship Paracas collided with the tanker Texaco
Caribbean which blew in two and sank close west of the Varne Bank off Folkestone, in the south west traffic lane of the TSS. Trinity House vessel Siren anchored close to the wreck's position with the appropriate wreck-marking signals and lights hoisted.
Appropriate information broadcasts were made by the coast guard station, and by the coastal radio stations at North Foreland and Niton.
January 12th: the cargo vessel Brandenburg swept past Siren at full speed, ripped her bottom open on the Texaco Caribbean and sank rapidly. In the ensuing few days Siren was joined by other vessels and the wreck area was surveyed and marked by seven wreck buoys.
January 27th: the Niki steamed right through the area and, opening her bottom like a tin can, sank on top of the two previous vessels.
More than fifty lives were lost overall.
Clearly the existing system of buoyage was not working, IALA decided to standardise the national buoyage systems into an international system.
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B
B
B
B
B
B
A AA
A
A
A
A
A
A
IALA BUOYAGE REGIONS “A” & “B”
1973 IALA met and divided the World into two Buoyage regions - A & B
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The IALA System The system applies to all fixed and
floating marks, other than lighthouses and sector lights
It serves to indicate the following: Sides and centrelines of navigational channels Navigational channels under fixed bridges Natural dangers and other obstructions such as
dangerous wrecks. Areas in which navigation may be subject to
regulation Other features of importance to the Mariner
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IALA Buoyage system A
To meet the requirements of the system five different types of mark are provided.
Lateral Cardinal Isolated danger Safe water Special marks
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Lateral Marks Lateral marks are generally used for well defined channels
in conjunction with direction of buoyage. They indicate the limits of channels on the port and
starboard sides
Channel
DIRECTIONOF BUOYAGE
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Direction of Buoyage
Channel
DIRECTIONOF BUOYAGE
Local Direction of Buoyage - The direction taken by the Mariner when approaching a harbour, river, estuary or other waterway from seaward.
IALA A - entering harbour, port hand buoys on the port side and starboard in the starboard side.
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Direction of Buoyage
Channel
DIRECTIONOF BUOYAGE
Local Direction of Buoyage - The direction taken by the Mariner when approaching a harbour, river, estuary or other waterway from seaward.
IALA B - entering harbour, port hand buoys on the port side and starboard in the starboard side. But the colours are reversed.
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General Direction of Buoyage - The direction determined by the Buoyage authorities, based whenever possible on the principle of following a clockwise direction around continents.
At sea around the British Isles its general direction is SW to NE
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Starboard Lateral Marks (Region A)
Colour - Green Shape - Cone, pillar or sparTopmark - Single green coneRetroreflector - Green band or triangleLight - (When fitted) May have any Rhythm except 2+1 some examples are given below:
Q.G
Fl.G
LFl.G
Fl(2)G
Continuous-quick light
Single-flashing light
Long-flashing light
Group-flashing light
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Port Lateral Marks (Region A)
Colour - RedShape - Can, pillar or sparTopmark - Single Red canRetroreflector - Red band or squareLight - May have any Rhythm except (2+1) some examples are given below:
Q.R
Fl.R
LFl.R
Fl(2)R
Continuous-quick lightSingle-flashing light
Long-flashing light
Group-flashing light
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Lateral Marks REGION B
Same shape but the colours are reversed
Can-shape always indicates a port hand lateral mark, in Region A or BConical-shape always indicates a starboard hand lateral mark, in Region A or B
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Preferred Channel Marks (Region A)
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Same shape and colour but with a green or red band
Preferred Channel Marks (Region A)
Light: Group Flash 2+1
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Preferred Channel Marks (Region B)
Light: Group Flash 2+1
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POINT OFINTEREST
N
E
S
W
NE
NW
SW
SE
Cardinal Marks
Note. Topmarks always point towards black band
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Pass to the west of the cardinal
Cardinal marks are used are used in conjunction with a compassto indicate where the Mariner may find navigable water
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POINT OFINTEREST
N
E
S
W
NE
NW
SW
SE
North Cardinal Mark
ColourTop - BlackBottom - Yellow
ShapePillar or spar
TopmarkTwo black conespoints upwards
RetroreflectorBlue over Yellow band
LightColour - WhiteRhythm - Q or VQ
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POINT OFINTEREST
N
E
S
W
East Cardinal Mark
ColourTop - BlackMiddle - YellowBottom - Black
ShapePillar or spar
TopmarkTwo black conesbases together
RetroreflectorTwo Blue bands
LightColour - WhiteRhythm - Q(3) or VQ(3)
NE
NW
SW
SE
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POINT OFINTEREST
N
E
S
W
South Cardinal Mark
ColourTop - YellowBottom - Black
ShapePillar or spar
TopmarkTwo black conespoints downwards
RetroreflectorYellow over Blue band
LightColour - WhiteRhythm - Q(6)+LF or VQ(6)+LF
NE
NW
SW
SE
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POINT OFINTEREST
N
E
S
W
West Cardinal Mark TopmarkTwo black conespoints together(W for wineglass) Colour
Top - YellowMiddle - BlackBottom - Yellow
ShapePillar or spar
RetroreflectorTwo Yellow bands
LightColour - WhiteRhythm - Q(9) or VQ(9)
NE
NW
SW
SE
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9 3
6
12
W
S
N
E
Q(6)+LFl. or VQ(6)+LFl.
Q or VQ
Q(9) or VQ(9) Q(3) or VQ(3)
To remember the light sequences think of a clock face. The long flash immediately after the group of flashes of a South Cardinal mark ensures that 6 flashes cannot be mistaken for 3 or 9.
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Isolated Danger Marks
Colour - Black & RedShape - Pillar or sparTopmark - Two black spheres Retroreflector - Blue & Red bandLight - White, Group-flashing (2)Use - Erected on or moored above isolated dangers which have navigable water all around them Fl(2)Group-flashing light
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Safe Water MarkColour - Red & WhiteShape - Spherical, Pillar or sparTopmark - One Red sphere Retroreflector - Red & White bands or StripesLight - White with the rhythms belowUse - To indicate navigable water all round the mark. May be used as a centreline, mid-channel or landfall buoy or the best point to pass under a bridge
Iso
Occ
LFl. 10sMo(A)
Isophase
Occulting
Long Flash every 10 secs
Morse Code A
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Special MarksColour - YellowShape - Can be any shapeTopmark - Yellow crossRetroreflector - Yellow band or crossLight - Yellow, may have any rhythm not used for white lights, some examples belowUse - Indicates a special area or feature the nature of which is apparent from reference to the chart. Fl. Y
Fl(4)Y
Yellow Flashing light
Group-flashing light
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SS RICHARD MONTGOMERY
Anchored in the Thames Estuary, August 1944, to wait for her convoy to Cherbourg but dragged anchor and grounded. Much of her cargo of munitions was recovered before the hull cracked and she flooded but there are still approximately 1,400 tons of explosives contained within the forward holds.
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SS RICHARD MONTGOMERY
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Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy
1st January 2003: Cargo ship Vicky runs onto the Tricolor
14th December 2002: Tricolor collides with Kariba and sinks
16th December 2002: The Nicola hits the submerged Tricolor
Sounds Familiar?!?!?!?!?
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Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy
On trial 2006-2010
Temporary response, first 24-72 hours, or until wreck known, surveyed and permanently marked
May have Racon D and/or AIS fitted
Alternating yellow and blue flashing light:
1 sec ½s 1 sec ½s 1 sec ½s 1 sec ½s 1 sec
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Summary
During this lesson we have covered the following:
The IALA buoyage system Region A & B.
The general & local direction of buoyage.
The characteristics of the different buoys & lights used in this system.
Lights, Fog Signals & Buoyage
3522/03/99
THE END