The introduction of coastal The introduction of coastal infrastructure as a driver infrastructure as a driver of change in marine of change in marine environments environments By Fabio Bulleri and Maura G. By Fabio Bulleri and Maura G. Chapman Chapman Presented by: Presented by: Xia Xia n n bin Liu and Laura Fidalgo bin Liu and Laura Fidalgo Course: Coastal Environment – CIAM Course: Coastal Environment – CIAM 6117 6117 Department of Environmental Department of Environmental Science Science Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Piedras Thursday, September 27, 2012 Thursday, September 27, 2012
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The introduction of coastal The introduction of coastal infrastructure as a driver of infrastructure as a driver of change in marine change in marine environmentsenvironmentsBy Fabio Bulleri and Maura G. By Fabio Bulleri and Maura G. ChapmanChapman
Presented by:Presented by:XiaXiannbin Liu and Laura Fidalgobin Liu and Laura FidalgoCourse: Coastal Environment – CIAM Course: Coastal Environment – CIAM 61176117Department of Environmental ScienceDepartment of Environmental ScienceUniversidad de Puerto Rico, Rio PiedrasUniversidad de Puerto Rico, Rio PiedrasThursday, September 27, 2012Thursday, September 27, 2012
IntroductionIntroduction
ProblemProblem– Human settlement near shore Human settlement near shore
(75% by 2025)(75% by 2025)– Major tourism destinationMajor tourism destination– Impacted coastal landscapeImpacted coastal landscape– Alteration of intertidal zone Alteration of intertidal zone
and nearshore estuaries and and nearshore estuaries and marine waters habitatmarine waters habitat
Homogeneous topography Homogeneous topography affects species interactionsaffects species interactions
Unnatural Material affect Unnatural Material affect colonizationcolonization
Reduces ecological impacts without Reduces ecological impacts without impinging on their eimpinging on their effifficacy in halting cacy in halting erosion.erosion.
managers and ecologists to developmanagers and ecologists to develop improved ways of building improved ways of building infrastructure. infrastructure.
Provide habitatProvide habitat for more species for more species without compromising engineering without compromising engineering standards.standards.
– Increases steepness Increases steepness of shore of shore
– Deeper nearshore Deeper nearshore waterswaters
Management Management AlternativeAlternative
(a) Intertidal ‘rock-(a) Intertidal ‘rock-pools’ constructed in pools’ constructed in the vertical face of athe vertical face of a seawall in Sydney seawall in Sydney Harbour (Australia).Harbour (Australia).
Mitigates eMitigates effffects of ects of loss or degradation ofloss or degradation of rocky platforms on rocky platforms on intertidal biodiversity. intertidal biodiversity.
(b) Rock-pool(b) Rock-pool retaining water retaining water during low tide.during low tide.
infrastructure, infrastructure, such as bridges, such as bridges, piers, dockspiers, docks
– Shading and Shading and seafloor proximity seafloor proximity affects affects communities communities assemblages assemblages (Glasby, 1999)(Glasby, 1999)
Management Management AlternativeAlternative Height, orientation, and width of Height, orientation, and width of
docks, piers, and bridges may reduce docks, piers, and bridges may reduce impact to vegetation productivity impact to vegetation productivity ((Shaefer, D. and J. Lundin, 1999).
Ropes-poles/Ropes-poles/cages-netscages-nets– Constituents of Constituents of
aquaculture aquaculture facilitiesfacilities
– Marine water Marine water pollutionpollution
Management Management AlternativeAlternative Onshore fish farms are the most Onshore fish farms are the most
sustainable types of aquaculture.sustainable types of aquaculture.– the self-contained systems do not pollute the the self-contained systems do not pollute the
marine environment. marine environment.
Future directions for Future directions for researchresearch How fundamental ecological How fundamental ecological
processes are affectedprocesses are affected Ecological interaction on artificial Ecological interaction on artificial
Urban marine novel ecosystem Urban marine novel ecosystem need a closer understandingneed a closer understanding– Sustaining biodiversitySustaining biodiversity– Successful conservation and Successful conservation and
managementmanagement– Mitigate human coastal Mitigate human coastal
development and climate change development and climate change effects effects
Discussion Discussion
ReferenceReference
Curran, C. and D. Hoskins. 2006. Assessing the Curran, C. and D. Hoskins. 2006. Assessing the Impacts of Floating Docks on Bottom Character Impacts of Floating Docks on Bottom Character and Benthic Productivity in Coastal Georgia.and Benthic Productivity in Coastal Georgia.
Kunkel, C. M., R. W. Hallberg, and M. Oppenheimer. 2006. Coral reefs reduce tsunami impact in model simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L23612, doi:10.1029/2006GL027892.
The University of Sidney wed site: http://sydney.edu.au/science/bio/eicc/publications/journal_articles/index.shtml
Shaefer, D. and J. Lundin. 1999. Design and Construction of Docks to Minimize Seagrass Impacts. US Army Corps of Engineers WRP Technical Note VN–RS–3.1 June 1999.