Agriculture and Rural Development CONTENTS Key figures EU-28 1. POPULATION & ECONOMY 2. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 3. ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS 4. AGRICULTURAL TRADE 5. FARM STRUCTURE 1 2-5 6-8 9-16 17-20 20-21 E U R O P E A N U N I O N Sources: European Commission, Eurostat Updated: May 2018 GDP Population Rural population Country 2017 2017 2016 Belgium 2.9% 2.2% 1.0% Bulgaria 0.3% 1.4% 1.0% Czech Republic 1.3% 2.1% 2.3% Denmark 1.9% 1.1% 1.7% Germany 21.3% 16.1% 13.3% Estonia 0.2% 0.3% 0.6% Ireland 1.9% 0.9% 2.9% Greece 1.2% 2.1% 3.5% Spain 7.6% 9.1% 1.7% France 14.9% 13.1% 21.2% Croatia 0.3% 0.8% 1.9% Italy 11.2% 11.8% 5.9% Cyprus 0.1% 0.2% : Latvia 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% Lithuania 0.3% 0.6% 0.3% Share in EU-28 GDP Population Rural population Country 2017 2017 2016 Luxembourg 0.4% 0.1% : Hungary 0.8% 1.9% 1.9% Malta 0.1% 0.1% : Netherlands 4.8% 3.3% 0.1% Austria 2.4% 1.7% 3.6% Poland 3.0% 7.4% 13.6% Portugal 1.3% 2.0% 3.3% Romania 1.2% 3.8% 10.9% Slovenia 0.3% 0.4% 1.2% Slovakia 0.6% 1.1% 2.1% Finland 1.5% 1.1% 2.3% Sweden 3.2% 2.0% 0.9% United Kingdom 15.1% 12.9% 2.4% Share in EU-28 Statistical Factsheet May 2018
22
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Agriculture and Rural Development
CONTENTS
Key figures EU-28
1. POPULATION & ECONOMY
2. FINANCIAL ASPECTS
3. ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
4. AGRICULTURAL TRADE
5. FARM STRUCTURE
1
2-5
6-8
9-16
17-20
20-21
E U R O P E A N U N I O N
Sources: European Commission, Eurostat Updated: May 2018
GDP PopulationRural
population
Country 2017 2017 2016
Belgium 2.9% 2.2% 1.0%
Bulgaria 0.3% 1.4% 1.0%
Czech Republic 1.3% 2.1% 2.3%
Denmark 1.9% 1.1% 1.7%
Germany 21.3% 16.1% 13.3%
Estonia 0.2% 0.3% 0.6%
Ireland 1.9% 0.9% 2.9%
Greece 1.2% 2.1% 3.5%
Spain 7.6% 9.1% 1.7%
France 14.9% 13.1% 21.2%
Croatia 0.3% 0.8% 1.9%
Italy 11.2% 11.8% 5.9%
Cyprus 0.1% 0.2% :
Latvia 0.2% 0.4% 0.4%
Lithuania 0.3% 0.6% 0.3%
Share in EU-28
GDP PopulationRural
population
Country 2017 2017 2016
Luxembourg 0.4% 0.1% :
Hungary 0.8% 1.9% 1.9%
Malta 0.1% 0.1% :
Netherlands 4.8% 3.3% 0.1%
Austria 2.4% 1.7% 3.6%
Poland 3.0% 7.4% 13.6%
Portugal 1.3% 2.0% 3.3%
Romania 1.2% 3.8% 10.9%
Slovenia 0.3% 0.4% 1.2%
Slovakia 0.6% 1.1% 2.1%
Finland 1.5% 1.1% 2.3%
Sweden 3.2% 2.0% 0.9%
United Kingdom 15.1% 12.9% 2.4%
Share in EU-28
Statistical Factsheet
May 2018
European Union
2
1.1. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
Population and gross domestic product: main data
(*) Population living in predominantly rural regions, according to a revised urban-rural typology that classifies NUTS 3 regions based on the share of population in rural grid cells (see ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Urban-rural_typology). (**) PPS = Purchasing power standards. GDP in PPS eliminates differences in price levels between countries.
Total
population
Rural
population (*)Nominal GDP GDP per capita Nominal GDP GDP per capita
European Union 2.1% 1.7% -0.4% 0.3% 1.8% 2.3% 1.9% 2.3% 2.1% 1.9%
EU Member
States
% change over previous year
Updated: M ay 2018Source: European Commission, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs Data for 2018 and 2019 is a forecast.
European Union
5
1.4. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
Real GDP growth rate
Source:European Commission, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs Updated: May 2018
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
Rom
ania
Malt
a
Irela
nd
Slo
venia
Est
onia
Czech R
epublic
Pola
nd
Latv
ia
Bulg
ari
a
Lithuania
Hungary
Cypru
s
Luxem
bourg
Fin
land
Slo
vakia
Neth
erlands
Sw
eden
Cro
atia
Spain
Port
ugal
Austr
ia
Denm
ark
Germ
any
Belg
ium
Gre
ece
Fra
nce
Italy
United K
ingdom
2017 2018f
Evolution of GDP per capita in PPS
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Luxem
bourg
Irela
nd
Neth
erlands
Austr
ia
Denm
ark
Sw
eden
Germ
any
Belg
ium
Fin
land
United K
ingdom
Fra
nce
Malt
a
Italy
Spain
Czech R
epublic
Slo
venia
Cypru
s
Slo
vakia
Lithuania
Port
ugal
Est
onia
Pola
nd
Hungary
Latv
ia
Gre
ece
Rom
ania
Cro
atia
Bulg
ari
a
PPS
per
capita
2017 2010 EU-28, 2017
European Union
6
2.1. AGRICULTURE: FINANCIAL ASPECTS
CAP expenditure
2017
1 000 EUR
Decoupled direct aids 35 366 166 60.1% 85.1%
Other direct aids 5 759 408 9.8% 13.9%
Additional amounts of aid 3 0.0% 0.0%
Reimbursement of direct aids in
relation to financial discipline 425 5800.7% 1.0%
Direct payments 41 551 156 70.6% 100.0%
Olive oil 42 770 0.1% 1.4%
Textile plants 6 134 0.0% 0.2%
Fruit and vegetables 995 421 1.7% 33.2%
Wine sector 1 011 750 1.7% 33.7%
Promotion 122 262 0.2% 4.1%
Other plant products/measures 236 857 0.4% 7.9%
Milk and milk products 468 019 0.8% 15.6%
Beef and veal 23 649 0.0% 0.8%
Sheepmeat and goatmeat 3 505 0.0% 0.1%
Pigmeat, eggs, poultry and other 90 744 0.2% 3.0%
School schemes* 0 0.0% 0.0%
Market measures 3 001 112 5.1% 100%
Rural development 14 337 027 24.3%
TOTAL 58 889 295 100.0%
Measures2017
%
Note: Expenditure in commitments for direct payments and market measures; ceilings of support for rural development.
Source: European Commission, Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development
*Programme implementation based on school years; reimbursement possible in the next financial year
70.6% 5.1% 24.3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
EU-28
Direct payments Market measures Rural development
European Union
7
2.2. AGRICULTURE: FINANCIAL ASPECTS
EU Member States Direct payments Market measuresRural
developmentTotal
Belgium 508,564 80,801 97,175 686,540
Bulgaria 774,080 37,500 340,410 1,151,991
Czech Republic 837,551 27,728 344,509 1,209,788
Denmark 844,288 21,195 144,868 1,010,351
Germany 4,846,569 201,534 1,404,073 6,452,176
Estonia 113,912 10,360 122,865 247,137
Ireland 1,208,265 22,897 313,007 1,544,170
Greece 2,021,458 65,786 703,471 2,790,715
Spain 5,063,903 555,848 1,185,553 6,805,304
France 7,365,412 640,058 1,665,778 9,671,247
Croatia 198,895 10,384 282,343 491,621
Italy 3,794,981 649,301 1,493,380 5,937,663
Cyprus 49,742 7,265 18,895 75,902
Latvia 203,771 14,496 155,139 373,407
Lithuania 437,174 8,006 230,452 675,632
Luxembourg 33,311 1,200 14,366 48,878
Hungary 1,257,586 54,857 488,621 1,801,064
Malta 5,043 490 13,915 19,448
Netherlands 734,734 87,112 118,357 940,203
Austria 692,626 29,166 562,468 1,284,260
Poland 3,354,843 118,943 1,192,025 4,665,812
Portugal 654,897 114,208 579,806 1,348,910
Romania 1,690,659 42,904 1,186,544 2,920,107
Slovenia 135,771 8,581 119,684 264,036
Slovakia 432,057 11,737 215,357 659,151
Finland 523,378 14,410 340,009 877,797
Sweden 685,731 21,409 249,386 956,526
United Kingdom 3,081,954 90,435 754,570 3,926,959
EU28 41,551,156 3,001,112 14,337,027 58,889,295
Updated: M ay 2018
CAP expenditure by Member State in 2017
Sources: European Commission, Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development.
In 1000 EUR
Note: Expenditure in commitments for direct payments and market measures; ceilings of support for rural development.
European Union
8
2.3. AGRICULTURE: FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Distribution of direct aids to producers in FY 2017
Source: European Commission, Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development Note: In order to protect the anonymity of the beneficiaries, numbers less than 10 have been made invisible in this table Updated: May 2018
x 1 000 % of total x 1 000 % of total
< 0 € 4 0.1% -2,896 0.0%
≥ 0 and < 500 € 1,632 25.0% 534,234 1.3%
≥ 500 and < 1 250 € 1,574 24.1% 1,273,432 3.1%
≥ 1 250 and < 2 000 € 677 10.3% 1,076,411 2.6%
≥ 2 000 and < 5 000 € 1,081 16.5% 3,460,172 8.3%
≥ 5 000 and < 10 000 € 614 9.4% 4,350,304 10.5%
≥ 10 000 and < 20 000 € 459 7.0% 6,517,621 15.7%
≥ 20 000 and < 50 000 € 373 5.7% 11,419,034 27.5%
≥ 50 000 and < 100 000 € 91 1.4% 6,099,889 14.7%
≥ 100 000 and < 150 000 € 17 0.3% 2,059,722 5.0%
≥ 150 000 and < 200 000 € 6 0.1% 1,111,717 2.7%
≥ 200 000 and < 250 000 € 3 0.1% 763,093 1.8%
≥ 250 000 and < 300 000 € 2 0.0% 569,915 1.4%
≥ 300 000 and < 500 000 € 3 0.0% 1,135,598 2.7%
≥ 500 000 € 1 0.0% 1,189,276 2.9%
Total 6,538 100% 41,557,522 100%
Size-class of aid
(all direct payments)
Financial year 2017
Beneficiaries Payments in EUR
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 -<0.5
0.5 -<1.25
1.25 -<2
2 - <5 5 - <10 10 -<20
20 -<50
50 -<100
100 -<150
150 -<200
200 -<250
250 -<300
300 -<500
>=500
Distribution of direct aid by size-class of aid in EU-28 (1 000 EUR)
Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at current producer prices). Updated: M arch 2017.
European Union
10
Agricultural input
3.2. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
Agricultural industry output (*)
Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at current producer prices). Updated: December 2014.
(*) The output of the agricultural industry comprises the output of agricultural production and the output of non-agricultural secondary activities that are inseparable from the principal agricultural activity.
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
FR IT DE
ES
NL
UK PL
RO EL
DK
HU
BE IE PT
AT
SE
CZ FI
BG LT
SK
HR
LV SI
EE
CY
LU
MT
Agricultural industry contribution to the EU-28 total agricultural output, %
2016 2017
2015 2016 2017 2016/2015 2017/2016
Seeds and planting stock 11,598 11,788 11,986 1.6% 1.7%
Energy 25,984 23,928 25,455 -7.9% 6.4%
Fertilisers and soil improvers 18,163 16,910 16,393 -6.9% -3.1%
Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at real prices; constant prices for Indicator A) Updated: M ay 2018
80
100
120
140
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Evolution of agricultural income, Indicator A (2010 = 100)
EU28
European Union
12
3.4. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
Evolution of agricultural income
Indicator A: Index of the real income of factors in agriculture per annual work unit (AWU). This yardstick corresponds to the real net value added at factor cost of agriculture per total AWU.
Agriculture trade between EU countries and the rest of the world (external trade)
Million EUR
% of total
agricultural
products
Commodities 23,558 17.1% -0.7%
Other primary products 24,062 17.4% 2.9%
Processed 26,757 19.4% 9.5%
Food preparations 30,273 21.9% 8.7%
Beverages 18,107 13.1% 4.5%
Non Edible 15,239 11.0% 4.7%
Total agricultural products 137,995 100.0% 5.1%
as % of total exports 7.3% - -
Commodities 49,044 41.8% 4.3%
Other primary products 32,526 27.7% 3.6%
Processed 12,829 10.9% -1.7%
Food preparations 7,496 6.4% 7.8%
Beverages 3,090 2.6% 6.6%
Non Edible 12,457 10.6% 12.3%
Total agricultural products 117,442 100.0% 4.5%
as % of total imports 6.3% - -
Commodities -25,486
Other primary products -8,464
Processed 13,928
Food preparations 22,777
Beverages 15,017
Non Edible 2,782
Total agricultural products 20,554
Updated: M ay 2018Source: DG Agriculture and Rural Development, based on Comext data.
By category of product
2017
% change
2017/2016
Exports
Imports
Balance
European Union
18
4.2. AGRICULTURAL TRADE: INTRA-EU TRADE
Evolution of agricultural trade among EU countries
(internal trade)
Million EUR
% of total
agricultural
products
Commodities 61,737 16.7% 8.1%
Other primary products 106,368 28.7% 7.7%
Processed 69,105 18.6% 7.8%
Food preparations 71,731 19.4% 4.9%
Beverages 18,772 5.1% 5.9%
Non Edible 42,885 11.6% 1.9%
Total agricultural products 370,598 100.0% 6.4%
as % of total exports 11.1% - -
Commodities 62,855 17.0% 5.5%
Other primary products 105,882 28.7% 8.2%
Processed 66,740 18.1% 8.5%
Food preparations 70,242 19.0% 5.0%
Beverages 18,033 4.9% 4.6%
Non Edible 45,223 12.3% 1.8%
Total agricultural products 368,974 100.0% 6.2%
as % of total exports 11.3% - -
Commodities -1,118
Other primary products 487
Processed 2,366
Food preparations 1,489
Beverages 739
Non Edible -2,338
Total agricultural products 1,624
Updated: M ay 2018Source: DG Agriculture and Rural Development, based on Comext data.
By category of product
2017
% change
2017/2016
Exports
Imports
Balance
European Union
19
4.3. AGRICULTURAL TRADE: STRUCTURE
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
EUR/USDmillion euro Structure of agricultural external trade - European Union
Commodities Other primary products
Processed Food preparations
Beverages Non Edible
Balance Average annual exchange rate EUR/USD (right axis)
Imports
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
EUR/USDmillion euro Structure of agricultural internal trade - European Union
Commodities Other primary products
Processed Food preparations
Beverages Non Edible
Average annual exchange rate EUR/USD (right axis)
Imports
European Union
20
4.3. AGRICULTURAL TRADE: STRUCTURE
-100000
-80000
-60000
-40000
-20000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
600000
400000
200000
0
200000
400000
600000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Evolution of agricultural trade within the EU-28 (in million euro)
Exports to EU countries Exports to non-EU countries
Imports from EU countries Imports from non-EU
Balance with EU countries (right axis) Balance with non-EU countries (right axis)
Exports
Imports
European Union
21
Structure of agricultural holdings (EU-28)
(*) UAA = Utilized agricultural area.
(**) Economic size: The standard output of an agricultural product (crop or livestock), abbreviated as SO, is the average monetary value of the agricultural output at farm-gate price, in euro per hectare or per head of livestock. There is a regional SO coefficient for each product, as an average value over a reference period. The sum of all the SO per hectare of crop and per head of livestock in a farm is a measure of its overall economic size, expressed in euro.
(***) LSU = Livestock units. A LSU is equivalent to a dairy cow. The number of animals (heads) is converted into LSU using a set of coefficients reflecting the feed requirements of the different animal categories.
6.1. FARM STRUCTURE
Total % Total % Total %
< 5 ha 9,711,890 70.3% 8,490,110 69.3% 7,184,430 66.3%
5-10 ha 1,584,060 11.5% 1,337,660 10.9% 1,277,230 11.8%