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Building Core
Elements and Design
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The typical floor plate of the
standard commercial officestructure contains the following:
Vertical Circulation Core
Open Lease Space
Optional public corridor.
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Core
Building Core
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Core
Tenant Lease Space
Lease Area
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Core
Tenant Lease Space
Lease Depth
Lease
Depth
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Core
Tenant Lease Space
Optional Corridor
Lease
Depth
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Tenant Lease Area
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Elements of the Building Core
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The Building Core of the Commercial building contains
Passenger Elevators & Lobby
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The Building Core of the Commercial building contains
Passenger Elevators & Lobby
Service Elevator
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The Building Core of the Commercial building contains
Passenger Elevators & Lobby
Service Elevator
Service Elevator Vestibule
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The Building Core of the Commercial building contains
Passenger Elevators & Lobby
Service Elevator
Service Elevator Vestibule Mechanical Room
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The Building Core of the Commercial building contains
Passenger Elevators & Lobby
Service Elevator
Service Elevator Vestibule Mechanical Room
Vertical Chase
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Passenger Elevators & Lobby
M W
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Service Elevator
M W
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Service Elevator Vestibule
M W
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Mechanical Room
M W
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Vertical Chase
M W
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Fire Egress Stairs
The Core also consists of
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Fire Stairs
Restrooms
The Core also consists of
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Fire Stairs
Restrooms Drinking Fountain Vestibule
The Core also consists of
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Fire Egress Stairs
M W
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Public Restrooms
M W
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Public Restrooms
M W
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Core Location
The Building Core can take any of basiclocations relative to the floor plate.
Central Core Off- set Core
Exterior Core
Split Core
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Central Core Location
In the central core the
lease depth is relatively
equal around the core of
the building.
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Central Core Location
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Central Core Location
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Central Core Location
In the central core the
lease depth is relatively
equal around the core of
the building.
The Tenant can lease the
entire floor plate
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Core
Tenant Lease Space
Central Core Location
Lease
Depth
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Core Location
Or the tenant can lease a portion of the floor
plate.
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Core
Tenant Lease Space
Central Core Location
Lease
Depth
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Central Core Location
Bruce GrahamJohn Hancock Bldg.
Chicago, Ill.
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Central Core Location
Frank Gehry
New York Times
Headquarters
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Central Core Location
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Core Location
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Off- Set Core Location
The off Set-Core places the core off center
creating differing lease depths.
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Core
Lease Depth 3
Lease Depth 1
Lease
Depth
2
Off- Set Core Location
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Off- Set Core Location
The off Set-Core places the core off center
creating differing lease depths.
This provides greater leasing options.
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CoreLease Depth 1 LeaseDepth 2
Off- Set Core Location
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Split Core Location
The Split core divides the core with a central
space, all components of the core are accessed
from this central space.
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Core Core
Tenant Lease Space
Split Core Location
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Split Core Location
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Off- Set Core Location
This eliminates the need for any peripheral
access corridor and lease space can extend
right up to the walls of the core elements.
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Core Core
Tenant Lease Space
Split Core Location
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Split Core Location
Murphy / Jahn, Deutsche Post
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Split Core Location
Cesar Pelli
International
Finance Center II
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Split Core Location
The Split Core can be divided in any number of
ways. It should be noted that this increases the
depth of the core and therefore the size of the
floor plate.
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Core Core
Tenant Lease Space
CoreCore
Split Core Location
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Split Core Location
The lease area can here too be divided but
access must still be maintained to two means of
egress in case of fire.
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Core Core
Tenant Lease Space
CoreCore
Split Core Location
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Split Core Location
Norman Foster
Swiss Re
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Split Core Location
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Exterior Core Location
In the Exterior Core configuration the core is
pulled either to one side or edge.
If the core is pushed to one side creating a deadwall this can be used to advantage where poor
views or party walls present a problem.
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Core
Tenant Lease Space
Exterior Core Location
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Exterior Core Location
Michael Graves
Humana Bldg.
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Exterior Core Location
Norman FosterCommerzbank
C
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Exterior Core Location
Steven Holl
5th Ave. & 42nd
E t i C L ti
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Exterior Core Location
E t i C L ti
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Exterior Core Location
The Core can also be isolated as a separate
mass element independent from the lease floor
plate.
E t i C L ti
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Core CoreTenant Lease Space
Exterior Core Location
E t i C L ti
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Exterior Core Location
Richard Rodgers, 122 Leadenhall St.
E t i C L ti
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Exterior Core Location
Richard RodgersLloyds of London
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Ele ator Config rations in Tall B ildings
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
Different banks of elevators serve different floors
A
1-20
B
21-40
Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
Lobby
Unused Elevator lobbies are used to hold coreelements such as restrooms or mechanical
M
W
M
W
Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
Elevator banks dropout of the core as
they are no longer
needed.
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
LobbyLease Space
As elevator banks drop out the space becomes
lease space or the floor plate is reduced
Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
The reduction in thecore due to the drop
out of elevator banks
allows for the
increase of lease
space or reduction of
floor plate allowing
the building to taper.
Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
Lobby
It may become necessary to relocate the fireegress stairs to maintain efficiency of the lease
space or for design purposes
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
Fire egress stairs can
be are transferred
horizontally
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
To minimize the
square footage of thecore on very tallbuildings architectscan stack the elevatorbanks and use express
elevators to skylobbies. Banks ofelevators service onlya set of designatedfloors while movementbetween them isachieved by theexpress system.
Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
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Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings
Minoru Yamasaki
World Trade Center
Lease Space Planning
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Lease Space Planning
Lease space can be arranged in basically twogeneral configurations:
Perimeter Office
Executive Core
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Lease Space Planning
The Perimeter Office
In the perimeter office, private managerial offices
line the outside wall of the building.
Their views make them prime locations
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Core
Tenant Lease Space
Lease Space Planning
Lease Space Planning
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The corners of thebuilding are then themost sought after.
These are oftenreserved for thehighest staff level.
Architects often facet
the buildings cornersto create more corneroffices.
Lease Space Planning
Lease Space Planning
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The Executive Core
Increasingly we see the introduction of the
executive core which moves the executive officesto the center of the floor plate.
This allows greater light penetration andmaximizes the number of people who get a view.
Lease Space Planning
Lease Space Planning
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Core
Tenant Lease Space
Lease Space Planning
Residential Cores
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Residential Cores
The typical residential core is smaller
because it will usually not require as many
elevators and there is no need for the public
restrooms.
Residential Cores
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Residential Cores
The Residential Core consists of
Fire Stairs
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Residential Cores
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The Residential Core consists of
Fire Stairs
Elevator Lobby Service Elevator
Residential Cores
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The Residential Core consists of
Fire Stairs
Elevator Lobby Service Elevator
Vestibule
Residential Cores
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The Residential Core consists of
Fire Stairs
Elevator Lobby Service Elevator
Vestibule
Mechanical Room
Residential Cores
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The Residential Core consists of
Fire Stairs
Elevator Lobby Service Elevator
Vestibule
Mechanical Room Trash Chute
Residential Cores
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Residential Cores
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Residential Layouts
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It is common to push all major spaces tothe perimeter.
Closed spaces such as bathrooms, closetsmechanical closets, and kitchens are often
pushed toward the core.
Residential Cores
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Residential Cores
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This is because code calls for all majorrooms to be accessible to the perimeter for
fire rescue.
It also allows for maximum light
penetration
Residential Cores
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