Buildings Background David Culler University of California, Berkeley LoCal Project Pretreat June 8, 2009 “Energy permits things to exist; information, to behave purposefully.” W. Ware, 1997 6-8-2009
Dec 21, 2015
Buildings Background
David CullerUniversity of California, Berkeley
LoCal Project PretreatJune 8, 2009
“Energy permits things to exist; information, to behave purposefully.” W. Ware, 1997
6-8-2009
6-8-2009 2
Buldings & Energy
Source: U.S. Department of Energy 2007 Building Energy Data Book. Sept 2007
The Numbers Tell the Story
$370 BillionTotal U.S. Annual Energy Costs
200%Increase in U.S. Electricity Consumption Since 1990
40%Total U.S. Energy Consumption for Buildings
72%Total U.S. Electricity Consumption for Buildings
55%Total U.S. Natural Gas Consumption for Buildings
The Numbers Tell the Story
$370 BillionTotal U.S. Annual Energy Costs
200%Increase in U.S. Electricity Consumption Since 1990
40%Total U.S. Energy Consumption for Buildings
72%Total U.S. Electricity Consumption for Buildings
55%Total U.S. Natural Gas Consumption for Buildings
6-8-2009 3
Buildings Matter! Buildings construction/renovation contributed 9.5% to US GDP and employs
approximately 8 million people. Buildings’ utility bills totaled $370 Billion in 2005. Buildings use 72 % of the electricity and 55 % of the nation’s natural gas.
Buildings construction/renovation contributed 9.5% to US GDP and employs approximately 8 million people. Buildings’ utility bills totaled $370 Billion in 2005.
Buildings use 72 % of the electricity and 55 % of the nation’s natural gas.
Source: Buildings Energy Data Book 2007
6-8-2009 4
EPA Nat Action Plan for Energy Efficiency
• 30% of energy consumed in buildings is wasted• 66% electrical, 34% gas and other• 15.5 kWh per square foot
* 2003 EIA Commercial Building Consumption Survey
6-8-2009 5
UCB today• Consumes 210 M kwh annually [campus sustainability assessment]
• Buildings measured @ 130 M kwh annually [demandless]
– approx $13 M
• Top 15 buildings are 2-4 time national average khw/sq ft and constitute 58% of the 130 M
• IT is a big part of the problem• IT can potentially be a big part of the solution
– We need to gain most of the reduction by utilizing existing facilities better
– “Physical” Information processing to identify where the energy goes, what to change and how.
– Big gains come from changing Operation Processes– IT is key to providing the energy awareness to guide action
6-8-2009 6
Building Energy and Power Density
Annual Consumption
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
kwh/sq ft
kwh
Stanley
KoshlandSoda
CoryLSA
McCone
6-8-2009 7
Soda Hall
• Huge baseline load!• 1300 SCADA sense/control points inaccessible for analysis
– No clear understanding of what knobs to turn or when
Servers / Clusters
HVAC / CRU / PDU support
Lighting
HVAC & Plug Loads
443
~1200
6-8-2009 8
Structural: Soda Electrical
12 KV dist.2x Substation
1200
A 2
77/4
80 3
ph
ase
2500
A 1
20/2
08 3
ph
ase
2x ChillerMCM1
HP1A400
HP1A400
HP2A600
HP3A400
HP4A400
HP5A400
HP6A100
HP7A400
MCM2
Lighting
Pumps
Fans
Machine RoomsOffices
Classrooms
LP2E225
LP2D225
LP2C225
LP1A400
LP2A800
HP3A400
HP4A400
HP5A400
HP6A100
HP7A400
LP1B400
LP2B225
LP2G225
LP2F225
LP2E225
LP2D225
LP2C225
LP3B225
LP2E225
LP2D225
LP2C225
LP4B225
LP2E225LP2C
225LP5B
225
LP2D225
LP2C225
LP2B225
LP2D225
LP2C225
LP2B225
LP2K225
LP2J225
LP2I225
LP2H225
LP2G225
LP2F225
LP2K225
LP2J225
LP2I225
LP2H225
LP2G225
LP2F225
LP2J225
LP2I225
LP2H225
LP2G225
LP2F225
~42 circuits each
6-8-2009 9
Structural: Soda HVAC• Blow cold air
throughout building• Maintain circulation• Adjust cooling with
vents and VFDs• Heat it where
needed• AC determined by
needs of the worst heat load– Comm closet
2x chillers
Cooling Towers
287 288 290
340
420
530
Pumps
Fans
Machine Room ACCs
6-8-2009 10
Legacy MonitoringL SCADA
• 1300 sense / ctrl points in Soda Hall• Vast database of action / effect• Marooned !!!• No science to turning all the knobs
11
“Real World” Information
Wat
er U
sag
e, T
emp
.,
Qu
alit
y
Se
curi
ty a
nd
Acc
es
s C
on
tro
l
Gas
an
d E
lect
ric
Usa
ge
Hea
tin
g,
AC
, an
d
Ven
tila
tio
n
Sm
oke
, F
ire,
CO
, R
ado
n
Sm
art
Ap
pli
ance
s
Dig
ital
He
alth
De
vic
es
Bab
y M
on
ito
r (E
lder
car
e)
En
tert
ain
me
nt
Sys
tem
Vid
eo
Ga
me
Co
nso
les
Clo
cks
an
d C
alen
dar
s
Ex
erc
ise
Un
its
Disintegrates – down the drain
6-8-2009 12
Visibility Enables LoCal
Automated Control
Facility Mgmt
User Demand
Supervisory Control
Community Feedback
High-fidelity visibility