www.harriswilliams.de Harris Williams & Co. Ltd is a private limited company incorporated under English law having its registered office at 5th Floor, 6 St. Andrew Street, London EC4A 3AE, UK, registered with the Registrar of Companies for England and Wales under company number 7078852. Directors: Mr. Ned Valentine, Mr. Paul Poggi, Mr. Thierry Monjauze and Mr. Aadil Khan, authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Harris Williams & Co. Ltd Niederlassung Frankfurt (German branch) is registered in the Commercial Register (Handelsregister) of the Local Court (Amtsgericht) of Frankfurt am Main, Germany, under registration number HRB 96687, having its business address at Bockenheimer Landstrasse 33-35, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Permanent Representative (Ständiger Vertreter) of the Branch Niederlassung: Mr. Jeffery H. Perkins. BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
23
Embed
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS - Harris Williams · PAGE | BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS GROUP OVERVIEW 1 CONTENTS WHAT WE’RE READING PUBLIC MARKETS PUBLIC COMPARABLES M&A ACTIVITY
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
www.harriswilliams.de
Harris Williams & Co. Ltd is a private limited company incorporated under English law having its registered office at 5th Floor, 6 St. Andrew Street, London EC4A 3AE, UK, registered withthe Registrar of Companies for England and Wales under company number 7078852. Directors: Mr. Ned Valentine, Mr. Paul Poggi, Mr. Thierry Monjauze and Mr. Aadil Khan, authorisedand regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Harris Williams & Co. Ltd Niederlassung Frankfurt (German branch) is registered in the Commercial Register (Handelsregister) of the Local Court (Amtsgericht) of Frankfurt am Main,Germany, under registration number HRB 96687, having its business address at Bockenheimer Landstrasse 33-35, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Permanent Representative(Ständiger Vertreter) of the Branch Niederlassung: Mr. Jeffery H. Perkins.
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALSINDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
Harris Williams & Co. is pleased to present our Building Products and MaterialsIndustry Update for July 2016. This report provides commentary and analysis oncurrent capital market trends and merger and acquisition dynamics within theglobal building products and materials industry.
We hope you find this edition helpful and encourage you to contact us directly ifyou would like to discuss our perspective on current industry trends and M&Aopportunities or our relevant industry experience.
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
OUR PRACTICE
Harris Williams & Co. is a leading advisor to the building products and materialsindustry. Our significant experience covers a broad range of end markets,industries, and business models.
Leading designer of decorative and functional lighting products serving residential and commercial construction markets through six distinct brands
Provides a comprehensive line of lighting fixtures to 4,000+ showrooms, electrical distributors, homebuilders, and online retailers
Maintains a portfolio of leading brands averaging 60+ years in operation
Boxley Materials
A vertically-integrated producer of construction materials, primarily supplying aggregate, ready-mix concrete, asphalt and paving, and architectural products in central and southwestern Virginia
Boxley’s high-quality products, superior customer service, and strong culture make it the supplier of choice in its markets
Maintains a high-quality asset base of aggregate reserves with modernized plants and equipment
Ennis-Flint
A global leader in pavement markings and traffic safety solutions
#1 market position across its core portfolio of products, serving a highly-diverse base of over 4,000 customers
Global manufacturing presence with 20 facilities across six countries worldwide
Harvey
Leading building products supplier focused on Northeast region
Founded in and family-owned since 1961, with headquarters outside Boston in Waltham, MA
Vertically-integrated window and door manufacturer and distributor
Distributes broad line of exterior building products including windows, siding, and roofing to over 44,000 customers annually through its network of 33 warehouses
2
has been acquired by
has been acquired by
a portfolio company of
has been acquired by
PAGE |
WHAT WE’RE READING
3
CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYMENT STAGNANT IN JUNE AS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FALLS TO 16-YEAR LOW
10 YEARS AFTER PEAK, HOME PRICES ARE RISING
LOW INVENTORY WILL CONTINUE TO PLAGUE HOUSING MARKET THROUGH 2016
MAY CONSTRUCTION STARTS RISE 5%
Construction Dive 7/8/2016
The shortage of housing inventory will continue to be the market's big story for the second half of 2016, Forbes reported. According to Zillow, May inventory of low- (8.9%) and middle-tier (9.7%) homes dropped from May 2015, while top-tier inventory fell 0.5%. In May, the annual rate of single-family home groundbreakings was 1.138 million, below the projected 1.5 million necessary to catch up to demand; however, builders are focusing on luxury homes, pushing those entry-level buyers looking for a starter home further out of the market.
Read the full article here.
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
U.N. PUSHES SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Construction Dive 7/11/2016
Construction employment remained unchanged at 6,643,000 from May to June but was up 3.4% (217,000) year overyear, according to an analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data by the Associated General Contractors ofAmerica. The construction unemployment rate dipped to 4.6% month over month, the lowest rate since 2000. Wagesgrew 2.8% from June 2015 to $28.13, and weekly hours worked increased to 39.2 for the same period, indicating thatconstruction employers are experiencing difficulty finding skilled workers.
Read the full article here.
Dodge 6/24/2016
At a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $636.7 billion, new construction starts in May increased 5% from April,according to Dodge Data & Analytics. Much of the growth came from the non-building construction sector (publicworks and electric utilities), which was lifted by a $3.8 billion oil pipeline in the upper Midwest as well as by sevenpower plant projects with a combined cost of $4.3 billion.
Read the full article here.
CityLab 7/8/2016
Late September is always a busy time at the United Nations, but last year’s General Assembly session was especiallyhistoric. That’s when all 193 nations represented at the U.N. formally agreed to an ambitious set of 17 “SustainableDevelopment Goals” — a framework to coordinate global efforts for ending poverty and hunger, combatinginequality and disease, slowing climate change and building peace. Pope Francis, Nobel laureate Malala Yousafzaiand the pop singer Shakira all took the stage in support. Many of the world’s mayors were there, too. They came toemphasize the vital role cities have to play in this global effort.
Read the full article here.
Remodeling 7/17/2016
It’s been 10 years since the peak of the U.S. home price bubble. David Stiff, for CoreLogic, notes that CoreLogic'sCase-Shiller Home Price Index dropped 27% during the next six years after reaching its peak in July 2006. Now, thenational index remains 4% below its peak. But in certain markets, prices have rebounded nicely. In 40% of metros,prices are at new peaks and another 30% are within 10% of their previous peak. Stiff adds that the country should notfear another housing market crash in the near future because its current success is built on fundamentals, like jobgrowth and rising demand.
Real GDP increased by an annual rate of1.1% in the first quarter of 2016, and hasincreased 2.1% YoY
Current dollar GDP increased 0.4%, or$65.3 billion in the first quarter to a level of$18.2 trillion
The Gross Domestic Income (GDI), whichmeasures the value of the production ofgoods and services in the U.S. as the costsincurred and the incomes earned inproduction, increased 0.7% in the firstquarter of 2016
Industrial production decreased 0.4% inMay after increasing 0.6% in April; it is down1.4% YoY since May 2015
Capacity utilization for the industrial sectorfell 0.3% in May to 74.9% and is down 1.7%since May 2015
Seasonally-Adjusted
Seasonally-Adjusted
(QoQ percentage change)
(Indexed to 2012)
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
Source: Federal Reserve
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis
(2.5%)
(2.0%)
(1.5%)
(1.0%)
(0.5%)
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
Q1
2007
Q1
2008
Q1
2009
Q1
2010
Q1
2011
Q1
2012
Q1
2013
Q1
2014
Q1
2015
Q1
2016
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
PAGE |
ECONOMIC UPDATE
5
PERSONAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES
ECONOMIC SENTIMENT
In May, personal income decreased$23.1 billion, or 3.1%, while personalconsumption expenditures (PCE)increased $53.5 billion, or 0.4%
Wages and salaries were flat in March,after being flat in February andincreasing 0.7% in January
Purchases of durable goods fell 2.3% inMay compared to an increase of 3.2% inApril; while purchases of non-durablegoods increased 0.5%, compared to anincrease of 0.1% in April
The Leading Economic Index (LEI)measures how consumers view prospectsfor their own financial situation, how theyview the near-term general economyprospects, and their long-term view ofeconomic prospects
The LEI for the U.S. decreased by 0.2% inMay to 123.7, following a 0.6% increase inApril, and a 0.1% increase in March
Even with the May decrease, the LEI is up1.2% YoY since May 2015
The continued rise in LEI suggests economicgrowth will remain moderate in 2016 withlittle reason to expect growth to pick upsubstantially
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
(Percentage change in 3-month rolling average)
(Indexed to 2010)
Source: Conference Board Leading Economic Index (LEI)
Source: Federal Reserve
(0.2%)
(0.1%)
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.6%
0.7%
May-10 May-11 May-12 May-13 May-14 May-15 May-16
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
May-13 Nov-13 May-14 Nov-14 May-15 Nov-15 May-16
PAGE | 6
ECONOMIC UPDATE
CONSUMER CONFIDENCE INDEX (CCI)
KEY INTEREST RATES
The Consumer Confidence Indexincreased to 98.0 in June, up from 92.4 inMay
Consumer confidence is currently up0.2% over the last six months, and down1.8% since June 2015
Consumers’ appraisal of currentconditions was mixed in June. Thosesaying business conditions are “good”increased from 26.1% to 26.9%; thosesaying business conditions are “bad”decreased from 21.4% to 17.7%
Consumers had mixed feelings aboutthe labor market. The proportionclaiming jobs are “plentiful” decreasedfrom 24.5% to 23.4%, but those claimingjobs are “hard to get” also decreased to24.5% from 23.3%
The 30-year mortgage rate decreased inJune 2016 to 3.57%
The current mortgage rate is 40 basispoints lower than the rate from June 2015
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
Seasonally-Adjusted
(Indexed to 1985)
Source: Federal Reserve
Source: Conference Board
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
30-Year Treasury Rate
10-Yr Treasury Rate
Effective Federal Funds Rate
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PAGE | 7
ECONOMIC UPDATE
U.S. NON-RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION
U.S. HOUSING STARTS
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
Non-residential construction has laggedin recovery but has increased 1.2% sinceMay of 2015
Non-residential construction decreasedby 1.3% from April to May, but hasincreased 0.8% over the last six months
In the release of its estimates forNovember 2015, the U.S. Census Bureaurestated each of its monthly estimatesgoing back to January 2005, citing aprocessing error in the tabulation of data
Seasonally-Adjusted Annual Rate
($ in billions)
U.S. housing starts in May decreased 0.3%over April, and increased 9.5% YoY
Decreases were driven by a 1.2% MoMdecrease in multi-family homes whilesingle-family homes increased 0.3%
Housing starts continue to rebound fromunprecedented lows reached in 2009,yet remain ~20% below the 50-yearaverage of 1.4 million starts per year
(Units in 000’s)
May 2016 Annualized Starts: 1,164MoM Δ: (0.3%)YoY Δ: 9.5%
Total residential building spending for2016 is projected to be $412 billion, 7.3%up from $382 billion in 2015
Residential building spending increasedat a 10.0% CAGR between 2012 and2015
FMI projects that spending will increaseat an 8.6% CAGR from 2016E through2019P
The Q1 RMI was 68 and has not dippedbelow 50 since Q3 2009
The overall RMI averages the indicatorsof current and future remodeling activity.An RMI over 50 indicates that remodelersare reporting higher activity than theprevious quarter
On a seasonally-adjusted basis, RMIposted a decline of 12.7% year-over-yearin the first quarter
*Improvements includes additions, alterations, and major replacements. Itdoes not include maintenance and repairs.
($ in billions)
Source: FMI Consulting
2012 – 2015 CAGR: 10.0%
Source: NAHB
Seasonally-Adjusted Annual Rate
PAGE |
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
9
M&A MARKET TRENDS
MARKET OBSERVATIONS
BUILDING PRODUCTS QUARTERLY M&A ACTIVITY
After a record year for M&A in 2015, 16.2% higher than 2007’s previous peak, there has been a cooling downperiod through the first half of 2016, with global M&A re-balancing towards a more sustainable level
First half 2016 global M&A volume totaled $1.5 trillion
– Activity in Western Europe accounted for nearly one third of global M&A volume, with North Americaaccounting for just over 20%
North American building products deal activity was up 8.0% in Q2 compared to Q1 2016
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
Note: Includes all building products or construction materials M&A transactions announced in the U.S. or Canada
70% of U.S. lumber demand is driven by housing, including newconstruction and remodeling
Prices have strengthened over the past quarter after their depressedlevels from Q4 2015 through Q1 2016
Stable price growth points to continued recovery in the broader
construction market
Framing Lumber Composite Price Index($ per thousand board feet)
Description
Roofing market includes bituminous, wood, and tile roofing used in residentialapplications and metal elastomeric and plastic roofing used in non-residential applications
Industry Commentary:
U.S. demand for roofing is projected to rise 3.9% annually to 252 millionsquares in 2019, valued at approximately $21.4 billion dollars
Demand for roofing is closely linked to building construction expenditures, buthas been more sheltered than other building products markets from thehousing slump due to the non-discretionary need for roof repair andreplacement
Houses need to be re-roofed every fifteen years on average and the agingU.S. housing stock will drive continued demand for replacement
Additionally, renewed strength in new housing construction and a generallystronger economic climate will support growth
Roofing Demand by Primary Segment
Description
Windows and doors market includes metal, wood, and vinyl windowsand doors for residential and non-residential end markets
Industry Commentary:
Window and door demand is primarily driven by new commercial andresidential construction, as well as repair and remodel spending
Quarterly remodeling spend decreased 0.6% during Q1 2016, following adip in Q4 2015. Spend for Q1 was ~$141 billion
Continued strength in home prices has increased homeowners’ equityand demand for remodeling work, providing a strong tailwind for thewindow and door industry
Leading Indicator of Remodeling Activity – LIRA ($ in billions)
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
Residential
Reroofing
44%
Non-Residential
Reroofing
37%
New Residential
11%
New Non-
Residential
8%
Source: Random Lengths
Source: Freedonia
Source: Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$80
$130
$180
$230
$280
$330
$380
Q1 '13 Q1 '14 Q1 '15 Q1 '16 Q1 '17
PAGE |
SELECT SECTOR OVERVIEWS & TRENDS
11
WALLBOARD AND PLASTER
HVAC
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FITTINGS
Description
Primarily made from gypsum, products include wallboard, plaster,plasterboard, molding, ornamental moldings, statuary, andarchitectural plasterwork
Industry Commentary:
Gypsum product demand is primarily driven by new commercial andresidential construction, as well as repair and remodel spending
Over the past two years, rising wallboard prices and cost-savingmeasures have improved industry profit margins
New home inventories remain low and as demand for new homes hasgrown, builders have begun increasing their stock
U.S. Wallboard Demand Outlook
($ in millions)
U.S. HVAC Demand Outlook($ in millions)
Plumping Equipment Industry Revenue Outlook($in millions)
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
Description
Residential, commercial, and industrial heating, ventilation, airconditioning, and refrigeration equipment
Industry Commentary:
U.S. shipments of central air conditioners and air-source heat pumpsdropped modestly in 2015 compared to 2014
HVAC demand is primarily driven by residential and non-residentialconstruction, HVAC replacement, and weather patterns
Aging domestic buildings (75% of buildings were built before the 1980s)are fueling the demand for replacement equipment
New minimum energy efficiency standards for air conditioning andcorresponding tax credits are driving replacement demand
Turnaround specialists Melrose Industries announced the acquisition ofNortek, a U.S. public company offering a variety of home productsincluding ventilation, for $1.4 billion on July 6th, 2016
Description
Plumbing fixtures, bathtub and shower fixtures, and indoor pipesconstitute this segment
Industry Commentary:
Through 2018, U.S. demand for plumbing fixtures and fittings isprojected to advance ~3% annually to nearly $55 billion
Primary demand determinants are repair and remodel spending, newhome construction, and non-residential improvement and repair
Industry regulatory bodies continue to focus on water efficiency, withstates leading the way on new codes
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017P
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017P
Source: IBIS World
Source: IBIS World
Source: IBIS World
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017P
PAGE |
1,200 1,200 1,200 1,220 1,230 1,310 1,390
838 807 812 820 850904
931
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Crushed Stone Sand/Gravel
SELECT SECTOR OVERVIEWS & TRENDS
12
AGGREGATES
ASPHALT
CEMENT AND CONCRETE
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
Description
Broad category of materials such as crushed rock, manufactured sand,natural sand, and gravel
Most-used material in the world, after water
Industry Commentary:
Markets are local in nature due to high shipping costs
Major players include Lafarge, CEMEX, CRH, Heidelberg Cement, MartinMarietta, Vulcan Materials, and a large number of independentoperators
White limestone loadings in the U.S. have decreased of late, but demandis expected to grow strongly in the coming years
U.S. Aggregates Consumption (values in millions of metric tons)
Description
Paving and roofing materials include asphalt and tar-paving mixtures andblocks, shingles, roofing cements, and coatings
Industry Commentary:
Asphalt is used over 85% of the time in U.S. highway and road construction
Resurgent U.S. housing activity and recent government infrastructureprograms have supported asphalt shingle and roofing cement demand
According to the National Asphalt Paving Association (NAPA), nearly athird of all asphalt is produced with warm-mix asphalt technologies, upfrom less than 5% in 2009
U.S. Refinery Net Production of Asphalt and Road Oil (thousands of barrels)
Description
Portland, natural, masonry, pozzolanic, and other hydraulic cements
Typically, manufacturers also thermally treat and mine or quarry lime
Industry Commentary:
U.S. cement consumption historically has exceeded domestic productioncapacity
Concrete has been gaining share over asphalt since 2008
U.S. cement capacity and import terminals are largely owned orcontrolled by international producers
The recent passage of the FAST act provides some certainty for thecement and concrete industry, but industry leaders are still calling forincreased funding to support a refurbishing of U.S. water infrastructure anda modernized airport system
U.S. Cement Demand Outlook ($ in millions)
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017P
Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
Source: IBIS World
0
4,000
8,000
12,000
16,000
20,000
PAGE |
PUBLIC MARKETS
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
13
MEDIAN TEV / 2016E EBITDA
MEDIAN REVENUE GROWTH (2016E – 2017P)
MEDIAN EBITDA MARGIN (2012 – 2016E) MEDIAN EBITDA MARGIN (2016E – 2017P)
MEDIAN CAPEX / 2016E REVENUE
MEDIAN REVENUE GROWTH (2012 – 2016E)
HISTORICAL STOCK PRICES (JULY 14TH, 2011 – JULY 14TH, 2016)
HISTORICAL MEDIAN TEV / NTM EBITDA (JULY 14TH, 2011 – JULY 14TH, 2016)
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
Building Products Index
Building Products Distributors Index
Construction Materials Index
S&P 500 Index
6.0x
7.0x
8.0x
9.0x
10.0x
11.0x
12.0x
13.0x
Building Products Index
Building Products Distributors Index
Construction Materials Index
S&P 500 Index
8.7x
8.8x
9.4x
Construction Materials
Building Products Distributors
Building Products
9.2%
8.1%
6.9%
Construction Materials
Building Products Distributors
Building Products
7.5%
8.8%
5.8%
Construction Materials
Building Products Distributors
Building Products
19.2%
6.6%
15.6%
Construction Materials
Building Products Distributors
Building Products
14.9%
4.9%
12.6%
Construction Materials
Building Products Distributors
Building Products
6.3%
1.1%
3.3%
Construction Materials
Building Products Distributors
Building Products
PAGE |
PUBLIC COMPARABLES
14
BUILDING PRODUCTS
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
As of July 14, 2016
Building Products
Stock Performance
Current % of 2016E TEV / EBITDA EBITDA
($ in millions except per share data) Price LTM High Mkt. Cap TEV Rev. EBITDA Current 2016E 2017P
Harris Williams & Co. has a broad range of industry expertise, which creates powerful opportunities.Our clients benefit from our deep-sector experience, integrated industry intelligence, andcollaboration across the firm, and our commitment to learning what makes them unique. For moreinformation, visit our website.
OUR FIRM
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
21
PAGE |
HARRIS WILLIAMS & CO.
22
BUILDING PRODUCTS & MATERIALS
INDUSTRY UPDATE │ JULY 2016
DISCLOSURES
SOURCES
Harris Williams & Co. (www.harriswilliams.com and www.harriswilliams.de) is a preeminent middle market investment bank focused on the advisory needs of clients worldwide. The firm has deep industry knowledge, global transaction expertise, and an unwavering commitment to excellence. Harris Williams & Co. provides sell-side and acquisition advisory, restructuring advisory, board advisory, private placements, and capital markets advisory services.
Harris Williams & Co. Ltd is a private limited company incorporated under English law having its registered office at 5th Floor, 6 St. Andrew Street, London EC4A 3AE, UK, registered with the Registrar of Companies for England and Wales under company number 7078852. Directors: Mr. Ned Valentine, Mr. Paul Poggi, Mr. Thierry Monjauze and Mr. Aadil Khan, authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Harris Williams & Co. Ltd Niederlassung Frankfurt (German branch) is registered in the Commercial Register (Handelsregister) of the Local Court (Amtsgericht) of Frankfurt am Main, Germany, under registration number HRB 96687, having its business address at Bockenheimer Landstrasse 33-35, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Permanent Representative (Ständiger Vertreter) of the Branch Niederlassung: Mr. Jeffery H. Perkins.
The information and views contained in this report were prepared by Harris Williams & Co. (“Harris Williams”). It is not a research report, as such term is defined by applicable law and regulations, and is provided for informational purposes only. It is not to be construed as an offer to buy or sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any financial instruments or to participate in any particular trading strategy. The information contained herein is believed by Harris Williams to be reliable, but Harris Williams makes no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of such information. Harris Williams and/or its affiliates may be market makers or specialists in, act as advisers or lenders to, have positions in and effect transactions in securities of companies mentioned herein and also may provide, may have provided, or may seek to provide investment banking services for those companies. In addition, Harris Williams and/or its affiliates or their respective officers, directors and employees may hold long or short positions in the securities, options thereon or other related financial products of companies discussed herein. Opinions, estimates and projections in this report constitute Harris Williams’ judgment and are subject to change without notice. The financial instruments discussed in this report may not be suitable for all investors, and investors must make their own investment decisions using their own independent advisors as they believe necessary and based upon their specific financial situations and investment objectives. Also, past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. No part of this material may be copied or duplicated in any form or by any means, or redistributed, without Harris Williams’ prior written consent.