Slide 1 University of Waterloo, School of Architecture Building Enclosure Design: EIFS Dr John F. Straube Dupont Young Professor School of Architecture & Dept of Civil Engineering University of Waterloo Ontario, Canada www.civil.uwaterloo.ca/beg John Straube 2005 2 University of Waterloo, School of Architecture John Straube 2005 3 University of Waterloo, School of Architecture Presentation Overview EIFS Building Functions Building Enclosures Rain Control Principles EIFS Applications John Straube 2005 4 University of Waterloo, School of Architecture EIFS Exterior Insulation and Finish System Not really a “cladding” This presentation will approach EIFS as a system Most principles are the same, only details vary
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Building Enclosure Design: EIFS Details EIFS 2005-1.pdf · EIFS Terminology: Key points zLamina is the thin coating zMade of – reinforced base coat (1.6 mm) – Finish coat (1.6
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Slide1University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Building Enclosure Design: EIFS
Dr John F. StraubeDupont Young Professor
School of Architecture & Dept of Civil Engineering
University of WaterlooOntario, Canada
www.civil.uwaterloo.ca/begJohn Straube 2005
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
John Straube 2005
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Presentation Overview
EIFSBuilding FunctionsBuilding EnclosuresRain Control PrinciplesEIFS Applications
John Straube 2005
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
EIFS
Exterior Insulation and Finish SystemNot really a “cladding”
This presentation will approach EIFS as a systemMost principles are the same, only details vary
John Straube 2005
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
EIFS History
1930’s Sweden– Lime stucco over rock wool
Post WWII– Foam plastic and latex coatings over masonry
1970’s– Dryvit enters American market
Late 80’s to early 90’s– Explosive growth
Mid to late 90’s– leaks
Today– Moisture managed rational approach?
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
EIFS Terminology
Special terms used
Substrate System(steel stud and concreteblock shown)
AdhesiveInsulation
Base coat c/wreinforcement
Finish coatLamina
Two-stage jointSealant
Backer rod
Back wrapping
End or edge wrapping
Drained space
Interior finish
Substrate Sheathing
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
EIFS Terminology: Key points
Lamina is the thin coatingMade of– reinforced base coat (1.6 mm)– Finish coat (1.6 mm)
Edges must be backwrapped
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EIFS Benefits
Continuous exterior insulation– Better thermal control– Better condensation control
LightweightEasy to recoatMany colours and texturesExcellent retrofit solution
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
EIFS Limits
CombustibilityImpact ResistanceRain Control?Durability over long term– Hard to reseal
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References
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Buildings
Buildings are a major part of a countries infrastructure – physical – economic– social
Buildings also part of the broader environmentA “durable good”– Running shoe (1 yr), car (10 yr), bldg (100yr?)– Requires more careful design
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Building Function
“Durability, Convenience, and Beauty”– Vitruvius 70BC
“Firmness, Commodity, and Delight”– Sir Wotton 1684
“To Provide Desired Environment for Human Use and Occupancy”
– Straube 2002
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
“Primitive Hut”
jfstraube 1997 John Straube 2005
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Buildings
“Provide space for human use & occupancy”Usually control the interior environment
– 1. By passive means e.g. caves (the enclosure)– 2. By active means e.g., fire (services, HVAC)
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Services
Produce– Heat– cold– light
Distribute– Energy– Fresh clean air– communications– people
Become very important, e.g. NOT justShelter
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Building Enclosure
Separates interior and exterior environmentPassive environmental controlCritical building component (Seen from street, Vital Function, Physical Durability a problem)Basic Building Enclosure Functions– Support – Control– Finish– Distribute services (sometimes)
Hierarchy of
need
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Definition (Part 5 of NBCC)– Building element that separates indoors and outdoors:
“Environmental Separator”
Includes all of the parts that make up the wall, window, roof, floor, etc… from the innermost to the outermost layer.
Moisture-related Problems1.Moisture must be available2.There must be a route or path3.There must be a force to cause movement4.The material must be susceptible to damage
Theory: eliminate any one for complete control
Practise: control as many as possible
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Drying
Wetting
kg
Wetting
Moisture Balance
Safe Storage Capacity
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Safe Storage Capacity
Drying
Wetting
kg
Wetting
!
Moisture Balance
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Drying
Wetting
kg
Wetting
Moisture Balance
Safe Storage Capacity
CondensationCondensation•• air convectionair convection•• vapor diffusionvapor diffusion
Different materials react differentlyPrimary environmental variables– temperature, time of wetness, RH (=MC)
Approximate Thresholds Mould, fungi, corrosion, etc.:– Over 80%RH, > 5 C “for some time”– Generally need liquid (100%) and warm (>15 C)
Freeze-thaw, dissolution:– from 100%RH to saturated
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Material Performance
How to predict performance?We test materials or layers and are interested in enclosure system?Must know loads, microclimate=exposure“No Bad Material,
Just Materials Used Badly”
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Enclosure Design for Durability
Balance wetting, drying and storage potentialsDurability: – choice of materials and– their arrangement for– the microclimatesmicroclimates expected
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Material Performance Thresholds
CorrosionMouldDecayFreeze-thawDissolution/DissassociationShrinkage/SwellingAll are temperature and moistureAll are temperature and moisture
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Performance of What?
Materials - asphalt, paperLayers - building paperSub-assembly - lapped, between airspace/sheathingAssembly - drained stucco over steel studEnclosure - wall, joints, windowBuilding - 12 storey apartment bldgSite - seashore or shelteredClimate -Miami or Minneapolis
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Florida PierBrampton
Parking Garage
Structural Steel Waterloo
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Steel Corrosion
Electrochemical Process - oxygen + electrolyteCan begin if RH>80%, mostly RH>95%Coatings protectZinc galvanizing is sacrificialFactors– Temperature (Arhenius Law)– Time of Wetness (TOW)– pH of environment– Salinity
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture John Straube 2005
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Mould Growth On Surfaces
SurfaceSurface Humidity > 80%RH, 95-100%Temperature 5 - 50 C (40-120F)
Food Source (cellulose, soap, wood, oil)pH - usually less than 4 - 8
GrowthRate
0C/32F Temperature 50C/120F
85%
95%
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From: Klaus Sedelbauer PhD Thesis
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Germination & GrowthTime for spore germination
Rate of GrowthPlots for perfect food source
From: Klaus Sedelbauer PhD ThesisBrampton stripmall
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University of Waterloo, School of Architecture
Wood Decay
Surface Humidity > 95%RH, MC>30%Temperature 5 - 50 C