Building automation by greenland

Greenland Intelligent SystemsCochin University road, Kalamassery, Ernakulam+91 9387599406, +91 8893193411, +91 [email protected]

A company dedicated to• Factory automation – machine vision, material handling, process control•Building automation - elevators, hvac systems, smart metering •Vehicle automation – engine control, auxilliary systems, driver assistance•Traffic automation – signals, GPS tracking, solar lighting•Farming automation – irrigation, solar pumps, heatth monitoring•Implementing IT in automation applications & automation in IT applications

Building automation is the goal that a Building Management System or a Building Automation System attempts to achieve. Both are examples of a distributed control system - the networking of electronic devices designed to monitor and control

the mechanical, security, fire and flood safety, lighting, HVAC and humidity control and ventilation systems in a building.

BAS core functionality keeps building climate within a specified range, lights rooms based on an occupancy schedule, monitors performance and device failures in all systems, provides malfunction alarms to building engineering/maintenance staff.

BAS reduce building energy and maintenance costs compared to a non-controlled building. Typically they are financed through energy and insurance savings, and other

savings associated with pre-emptive maintenance and quick detection of issues.

Almost all multi-story green buildings are designed to accommodate a BAS for the energy, air and water conservation characteristics.

Most building automation networks consist of a primary and secondary bus which connect high-level controllers (generally specialized for building automation,

but may be generic programmable logic controllers) with lower-level controllers, input/output devices and a user interface (also known as a human interface device)  

Types of inputs and outputsAnalog inputs are used to read a variable measurement. Examples are temperature, humidity and pressure transducers Which could be thermistor, 4-20 mA, 0-10 volt or platinum resistance thermometer.

A digital input indicates if a device is turned on or not. Some examples of an inherently digital input would be a 24VDC/AC signal, an air flow switch, or a  relay contact.

Analog outputs control the speed or position of a device, such as a variable frequency drive, a I-P (current to pneumatics) transducer, or a valve or damper. An example is a hot water valve opening up 25% to maintain a set point.

Digital outputs are used to open and close relays and switches. An example would be to turn on the parking lot lights when a photocell indicates it is dark outside.

List 1st preference

Security Access control Fire alarm - Addressable

2nd preference Lighting Control – Addressable AC control Motors

3rd preference Water treatment Energy management

4th preference Elevators Renewable energy Gardens

LIGHTING

Lighting can be turned on, off, or dimmed with a building automation or lighting control system based on time of day, or on occupancy sensor, photosensors and timers.

Exterior and Interior lights can be switch on/off by using light sensors to detect night/day.

Lights can be switched on by increasing their brightness to keep the ambient light constant in a space. This level of ambience can be controlled by having a set point.

Lighting controller can communicate with other systems like access control systems and centralized monitoring systems

Cont...

1. ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING CHOICES2. INTERIOR LIGHT AND OCCUPANCY SENSORS3. LIGHTING LOAD CONTROLLERS LIKE DIMMERS, RELAYS4. USER CONTROL ELEMENTS5. CONVERGENCE OR COMMUNICATION COMPONENTS6. PROTOCOLS, EG. DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface)7. SOFTWARE CONTROL AND MONITORING

DALI

DALI:Digital Addressable Lighting Interface. DALI network consists of a controller and one or more lighting devices (e.g., electrical

ballasts and dimmers) that have DALI interfaces Data is transferred between controller and devices by means of an asynchronous, half-

duplex, serial protocol over a two-wire differential bus, with a fixed data transfer rate of 1200 bit/s.

DALI requires a single pair of wires to form the bus for communication to all devices on a single DALI network.

The network can be arranged in a bus or star topology, or a combination of these.

Cont..

Eg: Grouped lighting and emergency light monitoring. DALI specification allows for a maximum of 64 lamps per network, which can be

broken up into 16 different groups. 64*DALI lamps per network, 16*groups with in each network is shown in the below

figure.

DAYLIGHT SENSORS

Daylight sensors uses light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell which is a light-controlled variable resistor.

The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.

A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits, and light- and dark-activated switching circuits.

A photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. In the dark, a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as a few megaohms (MΩ). In the light, a photoresistor can have a resistance as low as a few hundred ohms. 

OCCUPANCY SENSOR

An occupancy sensor is a lighting control device that detects occupancy of a space by people

Turns the lights on or off automatically, using infrared or ultrasonic technology in the presence of human.

Occupancy sensors are typically used to save energy, provide automatic control, and comply with building codes.

Types of Occupancy Sensors: Infrared Occupancy Sensor: They detect temperature changes in a room and

perform better where the entire room is within the sensor’s field of view. Ultrasonic Occupancy Sensor: They use high frequency sound to detect

motion even around corners. Dual Technology Sensors: They use both infrared and ultrasonic methods,

increasing accuracy and flexibility, but are available at a higher cost.

HEATING VENTILATION AND AC

Air conditioner is a major or home appliance, system, or mechanism designed to change the air temperature and humidity within an area .

In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation and air conditioning is referred to as "HVAC".

HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort.

Air conditioning can also be provided by a simple process called free cooling which uses pumps to circulate a coolant (typically water or a glycol mix) from a cold source, which in turn acts as a heat sink for the energy that is removed from the cooled space.

A/C can be fully automated with the help of sensors according to the room tempearature at different direction in a single room.

Zone sensors Zone sensors mainly include both heat sensors or temperature sensors. Uses multi senosrs according to the building and requirement. Heat sensor or temperature sensor will detect the heat and temperature automatically

control the A/C. Temperature Sensors

Temperature sensors are devices used to measure the temperature of a medium. There are 2 kinds on temperature sensors: 1) contact sensors and 2) noncontact

sensors. 3 main types are thermometers, resistance temperature detectors, and

thermocouples. All three of these sensors measure a physical property (i.e. volume of a liquid,

current through a wire), which changes as a function of temperature.

Cont... Heat sensor

Uses LDR as a heat sensor. Facing towards the sunlight. In the sunlight, a photoresistor can have a very low resistance, according to the

heat the air conditioner will be controlling its cooling. An LDR have a high resistance in the dark and controls the temperature according

to resistance.

MOTORS

• Fan Motors Energy efficient motors and electronic controls save electrical energy and reduce

heat dissipation• General Purpose Motors

proper drives to control the speed of various motors found in pumps and compressors shall save energy and increase efficiency

• Special Purpose Motors Vertical Transport Systems, Sliding Doors are objects of interest for proper choice

and control of motors

ACCESS CONTROL

Access control is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource. Ability to secure a door from one or both sides, whilst allowing access only to specific

authorised persons Security is an ever present challenge it is vital to control access into individual rooms

and in some cases entire buildings, to protect the staff, the equipment and other highly sensitive areas of your property.

SECURITY Security is the degree of resistance to, or protection from, harm. It applies to a person, dwelling, community, nation, or organization. With Home Automation, the user can select and watch cameras live from an Internet

source to their home or business. Security cameras can be controlled, allowing the user to observe activity around a

house or business right from a Monitor or touch panel. Security systems can include motion sensors that will detect any kind of unauthorized

movement and notify the user through the security system or via cell phone Detection

Motion sensors Magnetic contact sensors for doors / windows Glass break detectors Pressure sensors

Detection of fire, gas leaks and water leaks (see fire alarm and gas alarm)

FIRE ALARM A fire alarm system is a device designed to alert people from visual and audio alarms

when smoke/fire is present. Alarms may be activated from smoke detectors, heat detectors, or from a fire alarm pull

station. Some fire alarm systems utilize emergency voice alarm communication

systems (evacs) to provide pre-recorded and manual voice messages. Voice alarm systems are typically used in high-rise buildings, arenas and other large

"defend-in-place" occupancies such as hospitals and detention facilities where total evacuation is difficult to achieve.

WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION

Water treatment describes processes that make water more acceptable for an end-use, which may be drinking, industrial, or medical.

Water treatment should remove existing water contaminants and becomes fit for its desired end-use, which may be safely returning used water to the environment.

The processes involved in treating water for drinking purpose may be solids separation using physical processes such as settling and filtration, and chemical processes such as disinfection and coagulation.

Biological processes are employed in the treatment of wastewater and these processes may include, for example, aerated lagoons, activated sludge or slow sand filters.

This treated water is an excellent choice for use in irrigating public parks, landscaping, and agriculture. It is also distributed to industrial cooling water, and construction activities.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)

Energy management system (EMS) is a system of computer-aided tools used by operators of electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize the performance of the generation and/or transmission system.

EMS are commonly used by individual commercial entities to monitor, measure, and control their electrical building loads.

Control devices like hvac units and lighting systems across multiple locations. Provide metering, submetering, and monitoring functions that allow facility and

building managers to gather data and insight that allows them to make more informed decisions about energy activities across their sites.

VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION

Deals with elevators and escalators. Elevators Little moving rooms that efficiently moves people or goods between floors. Powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or counter weight

systems like a hoist or a pump hyraulic fluid to raise a cylinderical piston like jack.

Escalators Moving staircase – a conveyor transport device for carrying people betwenn floors

of a building. Consists of a motor driven chain of individual linked steps that move up and down

on tracks allowing the step threads to remain horizontal.

RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are

naturally replenished on a human timescale. Sunlight Wind Rain Tides Waves Geothermal heat.

Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over wide geographical areas.

CARBON DIOXIDE TRAPPING SYSTEM

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, transporting it to a storage site,

Deposited it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally an underground geological formation.

Aim is to prevent the release of large quantities of co2 into the atmosphere (from fossil fuel use in power generation and other industries).

CO2 has been injected into geological formations for several decades for various purposes, including enhanced oil recovery, the long term storage of CO2 is a relatively new concept.

HEAT HANDLING SYSTEM

A heating handling system is a mechanism for maintaining temperatures at an acceptable level; by using thermal energy within a home, office, or other dwelling.

Often part of an hvac system.

Heating system may be centralized or distributed.

MONITORING AND REPORTING

Monitoring is used to oversee progress of products, outputs, and outcomes. Assessing what work has been completed for a programme or project including costs,

risks and issues. Reporting advises the correct people at the correct time of positive and negative

events, allowing for progression or remedial action as appropriate. Reporting provides the programme/project board with a summary of the status of the

programme/project at intervals defined by them.

EMERGENCY AND SHUTDOWN/RESTART PROCEDURES

The emergency shut-down procedure will shut down the entire system. Personnel must be aware that after initiating the emergency shut-down safety

procedures must still be followed. One of the Emergency Shut-Down buttons must be pressed if there is a fire or an

electrically-based accident. Emergency shut-down buttons are located in the Control Room, and the Equipment

Room. After an Emergency Shut-Down button has been activated and the emergency situation

has been resolved, the system power can be restored and the system restarted by an Operator.