Building A Better Heart Second Chance: artificial heart Qing Ye Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Ren Ji Hospital.

Building A Better HeartSecond Chance: artificial heart

Qing YeDepartment of Cardiothoracic Su

rgery Ren Ji Hospital

Milestones in artificial heart

• 1953, a heart-lung machine designed by Dr. John

Gibbon is used in a successful open-heart surgery,

demonstrating that an artificial device can

temporarily mimic the functions of the heart

• 1955, a team of scientists led by Willem Kolff,

tested their model in animals

• 1964, the National Heart, Lung and Blood

Institute sets a goal of designing a total artificial

heart by 1970

•1966, Dr. Michael

DeBakey of Houston

successfully implants a

partial artificial heart

• 1967, Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first successful

human heart transplant. The patients, 53-year-old dentist

Louis Washkansky, dies 18 days after surgery in South

African

• In 1969, a team led by

Denton Cooley of the

Texas Heart Institute

successfully kept a human

patient alive for more than

sixty hours with their

model (temporary). The

patient gets a heart

transplant three days later

but then dies 1 ½ days

afterward

• In 1982, a team led by William DeVries of the University

of Utah implanted the Jarvik-7 into a patient named

Barney Clark, who survived with Jarvik-7 for 112 days

• 1982-1985, Dr. William DeVries carries out a series of

five implants of the Jarvik total artificial heart

• William Schroeder, lived 620 days, dying in

August 1986 at age 54

• 1994, the Food and Drug Administration approves the Left Ventricular Assist Device, which helps failing hearts continue to function

• 2000, A man in Isreal becomes the first recipient of the Jarvik 2000, the first total artificial heart that can maintain blood flow in addition to generating a pulse

• 2001, doctors at Jewish Hospital in Louisville, Ky., implant the first self-contained, mechanical heart replacement into a patient • Two recipient: Robert Tools & Tom Christerson

Robert Jarvik

• He was born in Michigan

on May 11, 1946

• In 1964, his father became

ill with heart disease and

had to have open heart

surgery

Robert Jarvik

• Jarvik became very interested in medicine at that point and began to think about possible designs for artificial hearts that could help people like his father

• He invented Jarvik-7 and Jarvik-2000

Jarvik-7

Jarvik 2000

Prof. Willem J Kolff

• He was born in Leiden,

Netherlands

• Graduated from the

University of Leiden

• In 1955, he implanted an

artificial heart into a dog

• Tutor of Dr. Robert

Jarvik

• 1981, he applied to FDA

Dr. William deVries

• An American cardiothoracic

surgeon• Receiving his MD degree from the University of Utah in 1970• As a resident in cardiovascular/

thoracic surgery at Duke University Medical Center• Assistant professor of surgery at the University of Utah until 1984

Dr. William deVries

• Since 1984, he has been

director of the artificial heart

project of the Humana Hospital

Audubon in Louisville,

Kentucky• Performed the first successful

permanent artificial heart

implant for Barney Clark by

using an artificial device

designed by Dr. Robert Jarvik

Dr. Barney Clark

• An 61year old retired

dentist from Seattle

• First recipient of the

man-made artificial

heart on Dec 1, 1982 at

the Utah Medical

Center

Dr. Barney Clark

• Six years before the transplant,

he had contracted a mysterious

viral infection, which made his

cardiac muscle flabby, weak

and swollen from a lack of

blood flow• Because of hypertension and

his age, he was not an

acceptable candidate at any

heart transplantation center

Dr. Barney Clark

• He was introduced by his private doctor to Dr. Willim

DeVries• The meeting included visits to laboratories where the

Jarvik-7 was manufactured and the animal barn where

they observed calves/sheep with similar heart implants• He was given an 11-page consent form• There was no guarantee that the operation would

increase Clark’s life span, no guarantee he would regain

his independence

Dr. Barney Clark

• The consent form stated “I recognize that if the artificial heart device fails, death or serious injury is the near certain result. I nevertheless accept the risk of substantial and serious harm, including death, implementation of the artificial heart device can be demonstrated

Dr. Barney Clark• He signed a consent form on Nov

30, 1982 at 9:52 p.m after being

interviewed by six members of a

special heart subcommittee at

University of Utah Medical Center

• The surgery was scheduled at the

morning of Dec 2, 1982

• However, he was immediately

rushed into the operating

room because of his deteriorating

heart on Dec 1, 1982 at 10:30 p.m.

Dr. Barney Clark

•He survived with Jarvik-7 for

112 days• A serious of complication

led to Clark’s death from

circulatory and multi-organ

collapse on March 23 at

10:02 p.m.

Two recipients of AbiCor artificial heart

• Robert Tools, first recipient of AbiCor artificial heart was died five months after implantation, 2001

Two recipients of AbiCor artificial heart

•Tom Christerson, second recipient of AbiCor artificial heart are still alive for more than one year

Artificial hearts abandoned

• By the end of the ’80s, the Jarvik devices had been

implanted to sustain patients waiting for transplants• Since then, development of an improved artificial heart

has continued• Scientists continue to work on designs for an artificial

heart that could provide a realistic, permanent option for

survival• Jarvik is now working on the Jarvik 2000, a thumb-sized

heart pump

Artificial hearts abandoned

• Universal infection

• Thromboembolism

• Total artificial heart may be better used as a bridge to transplantation

LVAD

Artificial heartArtificial heart