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Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008
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Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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Page 1: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

Budget Cycle in French Research Development and

Innovation Policies

Nicole Hernandez

Madrid, July 2008

Page 2: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

FRANCE, MESR, NH, July 2008

2

Table of contents

French RDI system RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expenses Evaluation of publicly funded RDI Budget processBudget process Conclusion

Page 3: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

FRANCE, MESR, NH, July 2008

3

Table of contents

French RDI system RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expenses Evaluation of publicly funded RDI Budget processBudget process Conclusion

Page 4: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

FRANCE, MESR, NH, July 2008

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French RDI system

About 30 Research Bodies, under various status: EPST: CNRS, INRA, INSERM, IRD, INRIA, CEMAGREF,

INRETS, LCPC, INED EPIC: CNES, CEA, IRSN, ONERA, CIRAD, IFREMER,

OSEO, CSTB, ADEME, BRGM, ANDRA, IPEV, LNE, INERIS, …

Foundations, … Research and Higher Education bodies:

85 university High School Engineers schools and Business schools

Private Research: Companies, Foundations ...

Page 5: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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French RDI systemOfficial government documents

Budget process: Constitutional Bylaw (LOLF) of 1 August 2001 on

budget acts, operated since 2006 Research:

Law of 18 April 2006 Legislative part of the Research pact of 2005

Higher education: Law of 10 August 2007 Freedom and responsibilities of universities

(LRU)

Page 6: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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French RDI system Institutional structures of research

High Council of Science and Technology (HCST), installed in September 2006

National Agency for Research (ANR), created in 2005 to fund fundamental research on a project basis

Agency for the Evaluation of Research and Higher Education (AERES), installed in march 2007

Page 7: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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French RDI system Partnership policy

Higher Education clusters (PRES): selected after a call for proposals, since 2006

Thematic Advanced Research Networks (RTRA): selected after a call for proposals

Thematic Centers for Research and Healthcare (CTRS / RTRS): selected after a call for proposals

Competitiveness Clusters: cooperation with private sector

Page 8: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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French RDI system The three functions model

Orientation and national priority settingmacro-objectives and financial framework for each big domain

MESR + others ministries + HCST (High Council for Science and Technology)

Programming & Financingtranslation of general priorities into operational scientific and technical

objectives, skills development, big infrastructures priorities setting, partnership, and finally resources distribution to actors ANR (National Agency of Research) and others

Research Operationknowledge and technologies production, diffusion, technologies transfer

Universities, Institutes, Companies

Evaluation

AE

RE

S

Page 9: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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Table of contents

French RDI system RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expenses Evaluation of publicly funded RDI Budget processBudget process Conclusion

Page 10: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expenses

Funding Expenses

Public

46% 38%

Private 54% 62%

Public R&D is mainly funded (95%) by public fundsPrivate R&D is mainly funded (85%) by private funds

Page 11: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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RDI funding and expenses RDI funding and expenses Funding flowsFunding flows in 20052005

Public Funding17 Md€

0.99% du PIB

Private Expenses22,9 Md€

1,34 % PIB

Private Funding20.2 Md€

1.17 % du PIB

Public Expenses13,7 Md€0.80% PIB

Inter Fundin

g

UEFunding

12.4 Md€

Inter. Fundin

g

UE Fundin

g18.3 Md€

2 Md€ 1.2 Md€

0.7 Md€2.6 Md€

2 Md€

FUNDING37.1 Md€

EXPENSES36.7 Md€

0.7 Md€

Page 12: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expensesPublic research : expenses and HRPublic research : expenses and HR

Année 2005 en M€ en ETP en ETP

Administrations publiques (a) 7 576 80 533 43 739

Enseignement supérieur (b) 4 507 67 856 48 440

Institutions sans but lucratif 466 6 302 3 491

Total administrations civiles 12 550 154 691 95 669

Défense 1 175 3 771

Total administrations 13 725 158 462 95 669

La recherche dans les administrations civiles et de défense en 2005

Source : MEN MESR DEPP-C2.

(b) Universités, grandes écoles, centres hospitaliers universitaires, centres de lutte contre le cancer.

Dépenses intérieures

Effectif total de R&D

Chercheurs, ingénieurs de recherche et

boursiers

(a) EPST, EPIC, autres établissements publics et assimilés, services ministériels hors ministère de la Défense.

Administrations

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RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expensesSocio-economicSocio-economic objectives objectives

Crédits budgétaires Recherche de la MIRES 2007 Ventilation par objectif socio-économique

objectifs principaux

12%

5%

6%

8%

9%

17%

2%

13%

8%

21%

ESPACE/ DEFENSE

ENVIRON NEMENT

ENERGIE

PROD. & TECHNOLOGIESINDUS.SDV

STIC

SHS

R&D PVD

MATH - PHYSIQUE - CHIMIE

NV

source : MEN MESR - DEPP C2.

SDV Life sciences

STIC IT

SHS Human &Social sciences

PVD Developing Countries

NV Misc

Page 14: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expensesPublic funding of private researchPublic funding of private research

Schéma des principales mesures de financement public de la R&D des entreprises

Mise sur le marché

Financement moyen: - des projets (sur leur durée)- de la R&D pour le CIR et la JEI (par an)

Rech. fondamentale

Agence de l’Innovation Industrielle, AII755M€*

Fonds de Compétitivité des Entreprises,FCE - dont pôles et clusters Eurêka 322M€*

OSEO innovation - dont Eurêka 270 M€*

R&D au sens de Frascati

Partenariats de l’Agence Nationale pour la Recherche – dont Eurêka 632M€*

* Dépense annuelle totale,

2006

Crédit d’impôt recherche 1,4 G€*

Jeune entreprise innovante, JEI 90M€

Pôles de compétitivité

63 M€

2,2 M€

390 000€

182 000€

74 000€

50 000€

Rech. appliquée Développement expérimental

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RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expensesPublic funding of private researchPublic funding of private research

Financement public de la R&D des entreprises, 2004 en millions d’euros

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Aides directes défense

Aides directes civiles

Crédit d'impôt recherche

Les aides directes comprennent les contrats de recherche et les subventions en provenance des administrations.Source : MEN-DEPP-C2

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Table of contents

French RDI system RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expenses Evaluation of publicly funded RDI Budget processBudget process Conclusion

Page 17: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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Evaluation of Publicly Funded RDI

The three levels of assessment: Public policies impacts

Under study

Budgetary and Financial Guardianship of the body (ministry)

Scientific AERES

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Evaluation of Publicly Funded RDI AERES

AERES : French evaluation agency for research and higher education

Created by the 18 of April 2006 law Installed in March 2007 Agency council composed of

• 8 qualified personalities• 14 designed members• 2 deputies

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Evaluation of Publicly Funded RDI AERES

An independent agency: Not under any pressure actions Sealing between evaluation and decision

A legitimate agency: Publications of professional features of the

members of its board and its pool of experts

A transparent agency : Processes and reports evaluation on the Web Direct expertise : visiting committees

Page 20: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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Evaluation of Publicly Funded RDI AERES

Three sections: Section 1: Evaluation of the research and

higher education bodies and validation of the evaluation process for people

Section 2: Evaluation of the research teams

Section 3: Evaluation of training and diplomas of higher education

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A single structure for

the various evaluation field An evaluation process connected to

the contractual process Criteria and methods conform to

international standards

Evaluation of Publicly Funded RDIAERES

Page 22: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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Table of contents

French RDI system RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expenses Evaluation of publicly funded RDI Budget processBudget process Conclusion

Page 23: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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Budget process

Since 2006, the French State budget is structured in Missions, Programs and Actions, to be presented to parliament

MIRES = Inter-ministerial Mission for Research and Higher Education

12 programs driven by 6 ministries Each operator of a program receive

funding for each action on

Page 24: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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Budget process Performance information

By mission, for each program: PAP, annual performance plan, with

objectives and performance indicators outline

RAP, annual performance report with objectives and performance indicators execution

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Budget processTimetable

Janv. Févr. Mars Avril Mai Juin Juil. Août Sept. Oct. Nov. Déc.

Janv. Févr. Mars Avril Mai Juin Juil. Août Sept. Oct. Nov. Déc.

Travaux préalables :• Réunions de budgétisation Rencontres DB / DGRI / opérateurs Réunions DGRI / opérateurs• Conférence de performance

Budget N-1

Budget N

Budget N+1

Analyse de l’exécution : préparation des RAP

gouvernement

parlement

Loi de règlement :• Projet de loi de règlement (PLR)• RAP • Certification des comptes

Vote du PLR

Exécution du budget par les administrations

Lettre de cadrage aux ministres

Arbitrages politiques :Lettres plafonds € et RH

Débat d’orientation budgétaire (DOB)

Débat budgétaire :• Projet de loi de finances (PLF)• Jaunes budgétaires

Finalisation du budget :PAP

Vote du PLF

Page 26: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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State budget process MIRES Programs

N° Programme Ministère Opérateurs 150 Formations supérieures et

recherche universitaire Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche

Etablissements d'enseignement supérieur

231 Vie étudiante Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche

Etablissements d'enseignement supérieur

172 Recherches scientifiques et technologiques pluridisciplinaires

Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche

ANR, CNRS, CEA, INSERM, INRIA, INED, IPEV, fondations médicales, organisations scientifiques internationales

187 Recherche dans le domaine de la gestion des milieux et des ressources

Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche

INRA, IFREMER, BRGM, IRD, CIRAD, CEMAGREF

193 Recherche spatiale Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche

CNES, Agence spatiale européenne, organisation européenne EUMETSAT

189 Recherche dans le domaine des risques et des pollutions

Ministère de l’écologie, de l'énergie, du développement durable et de l’aménagement du territoire

CEA, IFP, ADEME

188 Recherche dans le domaine de l’énergie

Ministère de l’écologie, de l'énergie, du développement durable et de l’aménagement du territoire

CEA, IFP, ADEME

192 Recherche industrielle Ministère de l’économie, de l'industrie et de l’emploi

ANVAR, GET, École des mines

190 Recherche dans le domaine des transports, de l’équipement et de l’habitat

Ministère de l’écologie, de l'énergie, du développement durable et de l’aménagement du territoire

LCPC, INRETS, CSTB

191 Recherche duale (civile et militaire)

Ministère de la défense CNES, CEA

186 Recherche culturelle et culture scientifique

Ministère de la culture et de la communication

CSI, Palais de la découverte

142 Enseignement supérieur et recherches agricoles

Ministère de l’agriculture et de la pêche

INRA, CEMAGREF, établissements d’enseignement supérieur, centres techniques agricoles

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Budget process Example: Actions of the Program 172

RECAPITULATION DES ACTIONS

ACTION n° 01 : Pilotage et animation du programme et de la mission

ACTION n° 02 : Actions incitatives et soutien à l’innovation

ACTION n° 03 : Dispositifs d’aide à la formation à et par la recherche

ACTION n° 04 : Renforcement des liens entre science et société

ACTION n° 05 : Recherches scientifiques et technologiques en sciences de la vie, biotechnologies et santé

ACTION n° 06 : Recherches scientifiques et technologiques en mathématiques, sciences et techniques de l’information et de la communication, micro et nanotechnologies

ACTION n° 07 : Recherches scientifiques et technologiques en physique, chimie et sciences pour l’ingénieur

ACTION n° 08 : Recherches scientifiques et technologiques en physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies

ACTION n° 09 : Recherches scientifiques et technologiques en sciences de la terre, de l’univers et de l’environnement

ACTION n° 10 : Recherches scientifiques en sciences de l’homme et de la société

ACTION n° 11 : Recherches interdisciplinaires et transversales

ACTION n° 12 : Diffusion, valorisation et transfert des connaissances et des technologies

ACTION n° 13 : Grandes infrastructures de recherche

ACTION n° 14 : Moyens généraux et d’appui à la recherche

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Budget process Indicators example

INDICATEUR 4.1 : Part des opérateurs du programme dans les brevets déposés (du point de vue du contribuable)

Unité 2005 Réalisation

2006 Réalisation

2007 Prévision PAP 2007

2007 Prévision actualisée

2008 Prévision

2010 Cible

Part des opérateurs du programme dans les brevets déposés à l’INPI par rapport à l’ensemble des déposants français

% 3,5 3,2 3.5 3,2 3,2 3,5

Part des opérateurs du programme dans les brevets déposés à l’OEB par rapport à l’ensemble des déposants français

% 5,2 4,9 5.2 4,9 4,9 5,3

Part des opérateurs du programme dans les brevets déposés à l’OEB par rapport à l’ensemble des déposants européens

% 0,7 0,7 0.73 0,7 0,7 0,75

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Budget process Performance information

Not yet direct relationship between global funding and performance indicators

But, indirect relationship via Evaluation (by AERES) before State

contracting with Operator Control from the board of directors by

guardianship

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Budget ProcessPerformance information

Today, French budgeting is Performance informed: performance information is used to inform budget decisions along with other information but there is no automatic or mechanical linkage between targets of performance results and funding

Tomorrow, it may move towards Direct/formula performance budgeting: allocation of resources directly based on results achieved, through formula/contract with specific performance or activity indicators[1]

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Table of contents

French RDI system RDI funding and expensesRDI funding and expenses Evaluation of publicly funded RDI Budget processBudget process Conclusion

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Conclusion

News processes to be optimized and orchestrated State budget process Operators and teams evaluation and

contraction Projects funding processes

Information system (IS) to be established

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The MIRES IS ProjectObjectives

Make consistent information systems of public research to consolidate information

Provide the ministry and, more generally, to all those involved in the MIRES, an information system that meets their needs steering

Page 34: Budget Cycle in French Research Development and Innovation Policies Nicole Hernandez Madrid, July 2008.

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The MIRES IS ProjectTarget

SI opérateur

Portail MIRES

SI opérateur

SI opérateur

Donnéesissues de SI

Données issues des enquêtes

Données de gestion

Bases DEPP

Base DGRI/DGES/AERE

S

SI OST

Dossier unique

CPER

Données ES

Autres données

Structures

Données RH

Données financières

Autres données

Autres ministères

de la MIRES

Opérateurs PartenairesOST, DEPP, DAF, DGRH

Responsables de programmes

DGRI, DGES