B T L E W Lesson 7—The Rivals Part Four Part Four ENTER
Dec 15, 2015
B T L EW
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
II. Phrases and Expressions
III.Word Building
IV. Grammar
Language Language StudyStudy
B T L EW
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word StudyI. Word StudyWord list:
1. arouse
2. associate
3. confess
4. detach
5. fallacy
6. heighten
13. resume
14. sense
15. sharp
16. snap
17 tact
18. tempt
7. humiliating
8. infringe
9. languid
10. line
11. provoke
12. reflect
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
1. arouse
Collocations: arouse interest 引起兴趣arouse expectation 引起期望arouse anger 激起愤怒arouse fear 引起恐惧
Example:
The music aroused an intense feeling of homesick in him.
Synonyms
stimulateprovokeproduce
stir
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2. associate
v. to join or connectn. someone who you work or do business
with
Example:
We naturally associate the name of Darwin
with the doctrine of evolution.
connectunite
subordinatesecondary
juniorvice-
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
Collocations of “associate”
business associate
crime associate
associate member
associate director
associate professor
associate head
生意伙伴
共犯
准会员
副主任
副教授
副主管
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
3. confess v. to admit that you have done something wrong, or illegal
Examples:
Edwards confessed to being a spy for the
country.
The man confessed that he was the sniper.
admitacknowledge
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4. detach
v. to remove
Examples:
If you are interested in the course, detach
and fill out the application form.
How can you detach yourself from reality?
separateisolatecut off
cf: attach
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
n. a false idea or belief
Examples:
It’s a common fallacy to think that crime is
caused by poverty.
That the world is flat was once a popular
fallacy.
5. fallacy
misleading notionerroneous belief
myth
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6. heightenv. a. to make higher
b. to intensifyCollocations:
her heightened color
heighten one’s anger
heighten the flavor
heighten the tension
height the awareness of environmental protection
heighten one’s admiration for somebody
逐渐变化的脸孔(如因感情的变化所致)使更愤怒使味道更浓使气氛更紧张
提高环保意识
对某人倾慕有加
intensifyincreasereinforce
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
a. making somebody feel ashamed, embarrassedExamples:
In the first round of the match, their team suffered a humiliating defeat.
This may seem to be a humiliating withdrawal. However, it proves a sound strategy in the long run.
7. humiliating
embarrassingshamefuldegrading
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
8. infringe
v. to do something that is against a law or someone’s legal rightsExamples:
The Educational Testing Service (ETS)
brought a lawsuit against the school
because they believed that the school had
infringed their copyrights.
Our government has stepped up its efforts
to crack down those who infringe
intellectual property rights.
breakdisobeyviolate
cf: obey
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
9. languid
a. moving slowly and making very little effort; lazily slow and peaceful
Examples:
The old man left with a languid wave of the
hand.
The family spread a languid afternoon by
the stream.
The hot summer makes him feel languid.
unenergeticrelaxedleisurely
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10. line
Collocations:
dotted line
washing line
a fishing line
country/state line
hot line
follow the party line
read between the lines
More examples
虚线晾衣绳钓鱼线州界(美国)热线坚持党的路线领会言外之意
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
Collocations:
take a hard-line
be in line for a pay increase
be in line with the basic principle
in one’s line
out of one’s line
below the poverty line
采取强硬路线有望加工资
符合基本原则在某人的兴趣范围内;属于某人的行为不在 ······在贫困线下
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11. provokev. a. to make angry, vex
b. to cause; arouse
Examples:
His extramarital affairs provoked much
press interest.
The dog is quite dangerous when provoked.
bring abouttrigger
stir
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12. reflectv. a. (of a surface) to throw back (light, heat,
sound)
b. to express c. to consider
Examples:
The sight of my face reflected in the mirror
never pleases me.
Their clothes and food reflect a rising
standard of living in the country.
The manager is reflecting how to pull out of
the financial distress.
revealexposesuggestindicate
show
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13. resume v. a. to go on after stopping for a time
b. to go back to the seat, place or position
where you were before
Examples:
She hopes to resume work after the baby is
born.
Peace talks will resume tomorrow.
He will resume training as soon as the
injury is better.
cf: résumé
take up againcontinuerestart
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14. sense
n. judgment; a feeling; meaning
Collocations:there’s no sense in doing sth.bring sb. to their sensemake sense of sth.in a sensein no sensebe out of one’s sense
做某事是不明智的使人醒悟理解某事的意义在某种意义上绝不不明智
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Collocations:sharp cry of painsharp winea sharp turna sharp pain in the backa sharp rebukein sharp contrast tosharp-eyedsharp-earedsharp-nosedarrive at 12 sharplook sharp
15. sharp
痛苦的尖叫声浓烈的酒急转弯剧烈的背痛训斥鲜明对照目光敏锐的耳灵的嗅觉灵敏的12 点整到达抓紧时间
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16. snap
v. a. to break with/make a sharp sound b. to snatch with the teeth c. to take a snaps shotExamples:
She snapped her suitcase shut and left the house.The dog snapped at his ankles.She always snapped her fingers to get the children’s attention.Snap the chance when it appears.Cameramen snapped celebrities while TV men interviewed them.
crackshatter
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17. tact
n. the ability to be polite and careful about what you say or do so that you do not cause offence
Examples:Diplomats are supposed to have great tact in dealing with foreign affairs.When it came to the issue of territory, their negotiating showed no tact.
diplomacyjudgment
insight
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18. tempt
v. a. to persuade somebody to do something wrong or foolish b. to attract somebody to have or do somethingExamples:
Nothing would tempt me to take such a step.Their unfriendliness tempted him to leave the party.The advertisements hope to tempt people into buying their products.
lureenticeattract
appeal to
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
List:
1. count on
2. for one’s part
3. in the event of
4. in this regard
5. out of reach
6. take aback
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to depend on or be certain of someone or something
Examples:
You can count on my vote.
If got into trouble I could always count on Bob since we’re all weather friends.
Both companies are counting on winning the contract for constructing Beijing-Shanghai railway.
1. count on
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used to say what someone’s opinions are, when compared to someone else’s opinion
Examples:
For my part, I prefer living in the country.
His parents, for their parts, were very proud of his choice.
I, for my part, still distrust them.
2. for one’s part
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
Examples:
Britain agreed to support US in the event of war.
She had a terrible accident, but at all events, she survived.
It may rain. In that event, we will cancel our journey.
We were afraid that he would be nervous onstage. But in the event, he delivered his speech very beautifully.
3. in the event of = in the event that
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4. in this regard
Example: In this regard, the child may be thought
as having two homes.
in connection with this; concerning this
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beyond, difficult to get close enough to touch
Examples: They are dangerous to the kids. Do put them
out of the children’s reach. I have a dictionary within arm’s reach.
5. out of/within one’s reach
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to be very surprised about something
Examples: It took him so much aback that for a moment
he was lost for words. The news took me aback.
6. take aback More verb phrases of “take”
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More examples
• He took against me from the start.
• He took back all he’d said.
• The trick took me in.
• I hope you took in all I said.
• The mimic took off the prime minister.
• I took on a new job.
• I was angry when she took over my job.
• We took part in the Golf Club.
• She took me to task for my lateness.
• Studying takes up a lot of my time.
The end of Phrases and Expressions.
II. Phrases and II. Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
III.III. Word BuildingWord BuildingList:
1. nominal suffixes: -ion, -ism, -ity, -ance
2. ex- vs. in-
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
transgressiontransgression
suffix
V+ ion N
devastate
exhilarate
conform
procreate
project
derive
restore
contort
rationalize
devastation
exhilaration
conformation
procreation
projection
derivation
restoration
contortion
rationalization
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ism: n.—belief/ behavior
criticizeescapetourbaptizesimplifyage
criticism escapismtourism baptismsimplismageism
criticism (6)criticism (6)
suffix
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
批评逃避现实旅游,观光洗礼片面看问题对老年人的歧视
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—ity conform familiarize
conformity
familiarity
III.III. Word BuildingWord BuildingTwo more nominal suffixes:
—ance sustain
resist
assist
attend
sustenance
resistance
assistance
attendance
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in--
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
ex--
including
import
interior
inhale
intensive
internal
excluding
export
exterior
exhale
extensive
external
inside outside
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
IV.IV. Grammar--1Grammar--1We wish to be excused because guilt and We wish to be excused because guilt and shame are painful emotions… (Para. 21)shame are painful emotions… (Para. 21)
It is important to recognize that although “be” is the prototypical auxiliary verb of the passive, it is possible to have other verbs fulfill this function.
To be continued on the next page.
Get- passive is quite common in informal,
conversational English.
—Was Bruno arrested?
—No. He wasn’t even
caught.
—Did Bruno get arrested?
—No. He didn’t even get
caught.
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IV.IV. Grammar--2Grammar--2
To be continued on the next page.
The experimental have functions as a passive auxiliary. (note the difference)
Mary had her purse snatched.
—passive (experiential—The purse-snatching happened to her. It was beyond her control.)
—causative (Mary arranged for someone to snatch her purse—perhaps to file a fraudulent insurance claim.)
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
Some passive sentences in English have no active voice counterpart,
such as:
IV.IV. Grammar--3Grammar--3
Mehdi was born in Tehran. ( for human birth)
It is rumored that he is on his way out.
Other verbs that occur commonly in the passive are:
be deemed, be fined, be hospitalized, be jailed, be scheduled, be shipped, be staffed, be suspended.
The end of Grammar.