B T L E W Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox Part Four Part Four ENTER
Dec 14, 2015
B T L EW
I. Word Study
II. Phrases and Expressions
III.Word Building
IV. Grammar
Language Language StudyStudy
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:
1. append
2. aristocratic
3. beckon
4. bind
5. conciliate
6. doubt
13. hound
14. momentous15. outnumber
16. resolve
17. spare
18. successive
7. designate
8. disperse 9. dissolve
10. dwindle
11. enlist
12. havoc
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
1. append
v. to add or join (esp. something written or printed) to a piece of paper
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
addattach affix join
Synonyms
detachAntonymExamples:
They appended their signatures to the statement. appendix n. 附录;阑尾
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
2. aristocratic
a. belonging to or typical of the highest social class, who traditionally have a lot of land, money and power
Examples:
an aristocratic family
her aristocratic manners
aristocracy n. 贵族,上层社会,知识界杰出分子
aristocrat n. 贵族
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
3. beckon
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
v. to call, order, or signal with a movement of the head, hand, etc.
gestureinvitemotion signal
Synonyms
Examples:
I could see her beckoning (to) me from the
other side of the room.
I’d like to stay—but work beckons, you
know.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study 4. bind
v. to form a strong emotional or economic connection between two people, two countries, etc.
Examples:Commerce binds the two countries together.The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community.binding a. 有约束力的The statement is unofficial and not binding on either country.
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
v. to win the support or friendly feelings of (someone), removing the anger or distrust they felt before
5. conciliate
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
alleviatemoderatesoothe
Synonyms
alienate
estrange
Antonyms
Examples:The explorers tried to conciliate the natives with presents.The government ignored the union’s attempts at conciliation (n. 安抚;调和 ).conciliatory a. 安抚的,和好的a conciliatory gesture/ attitude
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6. doubt
v. a. to be uncertain about; not trust or have confidence in
b. to consider unlikely
Examples:
I doubt his honesty.
I doubt that she will get the job.
I doubt if/whether we will make a profit out of it.
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
Usage
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
In negative statements doubt is followed by
that:
• I don’t doubt that he’s telling the truth.
In other statements doubt is often followed
by if or that, though some people feel
whether is the only correct form here:
• I doubt whether he’s telling the truth.
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v. a. to choose or name for a particular job or
purpose
b. to point out of call by a special name
7. designate
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
appointindicatenominatespecify
Synonyms
Examples:The Town Hall has been designated (as) an emergency feeding center in the event of an enemy attack.These crosses on the drawing designate all the possible entrances to the castle.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study8. disperse
v. a. to scatter or spread in different directions, so as to be no longer present
b. to place at different points
Examples:
Police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.
Groups of police were dispersed all along
the street where the Queen was to pass.
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distributescatter spread
Synonyms
collect
gather
Antonyms
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She dissolved in tears.
Dissolve the tablets in warm water.
The vision dissolved before her eyes.
The military government dissolved the country’s parliament.
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
9. dissolvev. a. to make or become liquid by putting
into liquidb. to (cause to) end or break upc. to lose one’s self-controld. to disappear
c
d
b
a
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Decide themeaning of “dissolve” according to a, b, c and d.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. dwindle
v. to become steadily fewer or smaller
Examples:
The number of people who live on the island
is rapidly dwindling.
Membership has dwindled to only 25.
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declinedecreasediminishlessenshrink
Synonyms
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11. enlist
v. a. to (cause to) join the armed forces b. to join a course of study
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enroll join
Synonyms
Examples:
He enlisted when he was 18.
enlisted man 士兵
I’ve enlisted in the Women’s Studies course.
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12. havoc
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
n. widespread damage or serious disorder
Examples:
The earthquake wreaked havoc on the city.
damage destruction devastation ruin wreck
Synonyms
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13. hound
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
v. to keep following someone and asking them questions in an annoying and threatening way
Examples:
I must finish the work so my boss will stop
hounding me.
He was hounded out of public life by the
persistent attacks of the popular
newspapers.
chase drive hunt press pursue urge
Synonyms
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14. momentous
a. of very great importance or seriousness, esp. because of possible future effects
Examples:
a momentous decision
a momentous occasion
a momentous event
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eventful important serious
Synonyms
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v. to be more in numbers than
Examples:
We were completely outnumbered by the enemy.We outnumbered them (by) four to one.
15. outnumber
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exceed surpass
Synonyms
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16. resolve
v. a. to find a satisfactory way of dealing with a difficulty
b. to decide firmly
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The dispute among them should be
resolved by consultation.
She resolved to study harder.
a
b
Decide the meaning of “resolve” according to the sentences.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study17. spare
v. a. to treat mercifullyb. to give someone something you
are not using or can do without
c. to avoid doing something difficult, boring, unpleasant etc. for somebodyExamples:
Take my money but spare my life!Can you spare me ten minutes?Use the telephone and spare yourself a visit.
a. 备用的;额外的;空闲的a spare bedroom/pen/tyrespare time/moment
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
18. successive
a. following each other closely
Examples:It happened on two successive days.There had been successive waves of invaders.
succession n. 连续;演替The days followed each other in close succession and still no news came.A succession of visitors came to the door.
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
succeeding following in a row
Synonyms
The end of Word Study.
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List:
1. as a token of
2. in close pursuit
3. dig in
4. drop out
5. exult in
6. inflict on
7. nothing but
8. set in motion
9. touch off
10. tuck in
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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something that represents a feeling, fact, event, etc.
Examples:
All the family wore black as a token of their grief.
This old watch was given to me by a French friend of mine as a token of friendship.
1. as a token of
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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following close behind
Examples:
The police car raced through the streets in close pursuit of another car.
The pop starts ran from the theater to their car, with dozens of fans in close/hot pursuit.
2. in close pursuit
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
3. dig in
a. to dig a hole to protect a soldier in warb. to mix (something) into the soil by
diggingc. to establish (oneself) in a position
Examples: The soldiers were ordered to dig
(themselves) in. We’re digging some fertilizer in the soil. I like my new job but I haven’t had time to
dig myself in yet.
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to stop attending or taking part in
Examples:
He dropped out of college after only two weeks.
Three of the runners dropped out.
4. drop out (of)
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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“drop” phrases
To be continued on the next page.
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
Cf.
The guests dropped away one by one.
The soldiers dropped back before the enemy’s attack.
Some friends dropped in to tea.
Sales have dropped off.
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to show that you are very happy and proud, esp. because you have succeeded in doing something
Examples:
The soldiers exulted in/at their victory.
The headmaster exulted in the school team’s victory.
5. exult in
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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to make someone suffer something unpleasant
Examples:
We inflicted a fatal blow on the enemy.
Mary has inflicted the children on her
mother for the weekend.
6. inflict on
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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(fml.) only
Examples:
Nothing but a miracle can save him.It is nothing but a joke.
7. nothing but
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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to start a process
Examples:
The worker set the engine in motion. The machine has been set in motion. At that time it required great courage to set in
motion such a reform.
8. set in motion
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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to start a difficult situation or violent event
Examples:
Some slight incident may touch off a
major war.
His remarks touched off a heated
controversy.
9. touch off
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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“touch” phrases
To be continued on the next page.
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
Cf.
The plane touched down at 15:25.
(to land)
In her speech she touched on the need for further economies.
(to talk about shortly)
The car’s paintwork needs touching up.
(to improve by making small changes or additions)
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to put the edge of a piece of clothing, paper etc. inside something so that it looks tidier or stays in place
Examples:
He tucked his shirt in.
Tuck your shirt into your trousers.
10. tuck in
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
The end of Phrases and Expressions.
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out: out, beyond
outdooutgrowoutlawoutlayoutlineoutlive outpaceoutrivaloutrunoutshineoutwearoutwit
凌驾,胜过生长速度超过被放逐者,罪犯,恶徒开销,支出轮廓;概要生存得比 ······ 更长追过,胜过胜过跑得较快;追过比 ······ 更亮比 ······ 耐用以机智胜过
outnumber; outraceoutnumber; outrace
prefix
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
scribble scribble
root
scribe, script : to write
scribe
scrip
script
scripture
ascribe
conscribe
description
inscription
prescription
subscription
抄写者,作家临时股票,代用纸币手迹,脚本经文,经典归因于征兵描写题名规定,处方署名,捐款,订阅
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
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n. the act, state, or result of
Examples:
reconciliation (=the result of reconciliating)
presentation (=the act of presenting something)
Suffix— -ion
More examples
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
To be continued on the next page.
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dissolve
designate
exhaust
inflict
exult
resolve
disperse
rebel
humiliate
provide
Suffix— -ion
III.III. Word buildingWord building
Give corresponding nouns of the following verbs.
dissolution designation exhaustion infliction exultation resolution dispersion rebellion humiliation provision
The end of Word Building.
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarAbsolute Construction Absolute Construction
Definition: Absolute constructions consist of a noun and some kind of modifier, the most common being a participle. Because they often come at the beginning of a sentence, they are easily confused with dangling participles. But an absolute construction modifies the rest of the sentence, not the subject of the sentence (as a participial phrase does). You can use absolute constructions to compress two sentences into one and to vary sentence structure as a means of holding a reader’s interest.
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
Examples
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No other business arising, the meeting was adjourned. The paint now dry, we brought the furniture out on the deck. The truck finally loaded, they said goodbye to their neighbors and drove off. The horse loped across the yard, her foal trailing behind her.
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
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Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
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The formation of these constructions The formation of these constructions falls into five categories.falls into five categories.
Noun/pronoun +
Absolute Construction Absolute Construction
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
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present participle (phrase)
past participle (phrase)
adjective (phrase)
adverb (phrase)
prepositional phrase
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Constructions like these are used more often in writing than in speaking, where it is more common to use a full clause:
When the paint was dry, we brought the furniture out on the deck.
There are, however, many fixed absolute constructions that occur frequently in speech:
The picnic is scheduled for Saturday, weather permitting.
Barring bad weather, we plan to go to the beach tomorrow.
All things considered, it’s not a bad idea.
Absolute Construction Absolute Construction
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
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On April 2nd, his railroad lifeline cut by the
North, Lee retreated. (4)
noun +
past participle phrase
Absolute Construction Absolute Construction
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
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… he gave word for his successive brigades to
pass us with the same position…, honor
answering honor. (14)
noun +
present participle phrase
Absolute Construction Absolute Construction
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
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… one, symbolizing nobility and the
aristocratic tradition of the old South, and the
other symbolizing the self-made common man
of the new North, Midwest and West. (19)
Absolute Construction Absolute Construction
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
Lesson 14 – Mercy at Appomattox
noun +
present participle phrase
The end of Grammar.