Take a look at this sample chapter for the new BTEC First Sport (Level 2 draft unit 1).
This sample unit is taking from the Teacher Resource pack for the BTEC First Sport.
The teacher resource pack for BTEC First Sport outlines Schemes of Work; what learning outcomes should be achieved at what stage in the course, in addition to outlining the relevant content for each section, detailing activities, resources and assessment.
To find out more about our new BTEC First Sport resources for level 2, or to see a podcast from the course, visit us now at http://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/FEAndVocational/SportsStudies/BTEC/Level2BTECFirstSport/Level2BTECFirstSport.aspx
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The aim of this unit is to give learners the opportunity to explore the essential fitness requirements and training methods used to achieve successful sports performance.
Learners will explore why certain physical and skill-related fitness components are necessary to achieve excellence in specific sports. Learners will also gain an understanding of why different sports performers require different training methods in order to reach their full potential.
The unit also explores lifestyle and psychological factors and the effect they can have on sports training and performance. Learners will be able to investigate their own levels of fitness by participating in a series of fitness tests.
Unit 1 Fitness testing and training is a mandatory unit that must be taken as part of the BTEC Certificate, Extended Certificate or Diploma in Sport. This is a 5-credit unit and can be taught in 30 guided learning hours.
On completion of this unit, learners should:LO1 know the fitness and training requirements necessary to achieve excellence in a selected sportLO2 know the lifestyle factors that affect sports training and performanceLO3 be able to assess their own level of fitnessLO4 know the effects of psychological factors on sports training and performance.
Unit contentsThe scheme of work for this unit (page 2) links to the following resources to help you deliver Unit 1.
LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4
Lesson plan LP
Activity sheet AS 1, AS 2 AS 3, AS 4 AS 5, AS 6, AS 7, AS 8, AS 9
AS 10
Interactive activity
Video
All these resources can be found on the accompanying CD-ROM, as well as an editable version of the scheme of work, answers to questions in the student book and the activity sheets, and an on-screen version of the BTEC First Sport Student Book.
Links to other unitsUnit 1 links to a number of other units, as shown below, and provides a lot of opportunities to cross-reference and combine assignment work for these units.
• Unit 4 Anatomy and physiology• Unit 9 Psychology for sports performance• Unit 11 Athlete development• Unit 12 Lifestyle and the sports performer• Unit 18 Factors affecting sports performance
Use the template below to design a circuit training session/programme to meet your personal goals.
The circuit training session/programme designed could be cardiorespiratory, resistance, plyometrics or a sport-specific circuit.
List your training goals and the equipment/resources you will need for the session.In order to gain practical experience of fitness training methods you should test out the circuit you have designed.
AS1 Circuit training programme design
Session Outline
Warm-up:
Cool down:
Number and order of stations:
Time(s) at each station:
Rest(s) between each station (or rest station included in circuit):
A follow-up activity could be to use data interpretation tables to interpret the percent body fat results obtained.
Reference: Baun, W.B., Baun, M.R., Raven, P.B. (1981) A Nomogram for the Estimate of Percent Body Fat from Generalised Equations. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 52 (3): 284–380.
Will be replaced with updated artwork when it has been corrected in the students book.
AS7 Body Mass Index (BMI) calculations 1Body Mass Index (BMI)Body Mass Index is a simple measure of body composition and is used to check if a person is overweight. The test can determine if a person is at increased risk of developing Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and other cardiovascular diseases. To calculate Body Mass Index:
• Measurebodyweightinkilograms• MeasureheightinmetresCarry out this calculation to determine BMI (kg/m²):
BMI = Body weight (kg)
= kg
Height (m) x Height (m) m²
Look at the data in the table below. Calculate the BMI of each person (subject) and interpret the results. Enter your data results in the table.
AS8 Body Mass Index (BMI) calculations 2Body Mass Index (BMI)Body Mass Index is a simple measure of body composition and is used to check if a person is overweight. The test can determine if a person is at increased risk of developing Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and other cardiovascular diseases. To calculate Body Mass Index:
AS9 Fitness tests: referencing and researchInstructions
• WheninterpretingyourfitnesstestresultsusingthetablesprovidedinLevel 2 BTEC First Sport Student Book (pp. 16–26), you should cite in the text the appropriate reference (see below).
• Listthereferencesyouhaveusedinanoverallreferencessectiontosupportyourwork.Youshouldusea standard referencing system, for example, the Harvard referencing system.
• Undertakeasmall-groupresearchtasktolocateeachreferencefromthesourceandobtainacopyofthe paper/article for further review and discussion in class.
Fitness testing and training: chapter referencesAdams, G.M. (1989) [Vertical Jumps of College Physical Education Majors]. Unpublished raw data.
Baun, W.B., Baun, M.R., Raven, P.B (1981) A Nomogram for the Estimate of Percent Body Fat from Generalised Equations. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 52 (3): 284-380.
Hueger, W.W.K. (1989) Sit and Reach Test Tables. Lifetime Physical Fitness and Wellness. Morton Publishing.
Jackson, A.S., Pollock, M.L., Ward, A. (1980) Generalised Equations for Predicting Body Density of Women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 12, 175-182.
Jackson, A.S., Pollock, M.L. (1978) Generalised Equations for Predicting Body Density of Men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40, 497-504.
Martens, R., Vealey, R.S., Burton, D. (1990) Competitive Anxiety in Sport. Human Kinetics.
Mathews, D.K., Fox, E.L. (1976) The Physiological Basis of Physical Education and Athletics. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
Maud, P.J., Shultz, B.B. (1984) The U.S. National Rugby Team: A Physiological and Anthropometric Assessment. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 99, 86-94.
Sharkey, B.J. (1990) Physiology of Fitness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois.
Sharkey. B.J. (1977) Fitness and Work Capacity (Report FS-315). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Shepherd, P. (2000) [Vertical Jumps of College-Aged Physical Education Students]. Unpublished raw data.
AS10 How anxious are you?The Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), developed by Martens, Vealey and Burton in 1990 is a questionnaire that can be used to determine how anxious a sports performer feels in a competitive situation.
could affect sports training and performance.• Statethreewaysinwhichyoucouldreduceyouranxietylevels.
The Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT)
Read each statement below, decide if you rarely, sometimes or often feel this way when competing in your sport. Put a tick in the appropriate box to show your response.
Do not spend too long on each statement, as there are no right or wrong answers.
SCAT questions Rarely Sometimes Often
1. Competing against others is socially enjoyable
2. Before I compete I feel uneasy
3. Before I compete I worry about not performing well
4. I am a good sportsperson when I compete
5. When I compete, I worry about making mistakes
6. Before I compete I am calm
7. Setting a goal is important when competing
8. Before I compete I get a queasy feeling in my stomach
9. Just before competing, I notice my heart beats faster than usual
10. I like to compete in games that demand a lot of physical energy
11. Before I compete I feel relaxed
12. Before I compete I am nervous
13. Team sports are more exciting than individual sports
The score for the response to each question is shown below. Enter your score for each question in the ‘Athlete’s Score’ column and then add the scores in the column up to give a total, which is your SCAT score.
YourSCATscorewillrangefromalowof10toahighof30where10indicatesalowlevelofanxietyand30ahigh level of anxiety (stressed).
Note that questions 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 score zero regardless of the response.
Question Number
Rarely Sometimes Often Athlete’s Score
1 0 0 0
2 1 2 3
3 1 2 3
4 0 0 0
5 1 2 3
6 3 2 1
7 0 0 0
8 1 2 3
9 1 2 3
10 0 0 0
11 3 2 1
12 1 2 3
13 0 0 0
14 1 2 3
15 1 2 3
SCAT Total =
Interpreting your SCAT results
SCAT Total Interpretation
Less than 17 Youhavealowlevelofanxiety
17 to 24 Youhaveanaveragelevelofanxiety
Greater than 24 Youhaveahighlevelofanxiety
Reference:Martens, R., Vealey, R.S., Burton, D. (1990) Competitive Anxiety in Sport. Human Kinetics.
1. Also known as cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiorespiratory endurance or aerobic fitness. It is the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to efficiently supply nutrients and oxygen to working muscles during sustained physical activity. VO2 max (ml/kg/min).
2. Skinfold testing using skinfold calipers. Standard protocol is followed and certain sites are selected depending on gender. A nomogram can be used to determine the percent body fat of the individual.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), which is conducted using a BIA machine. Electrodes are placed at specific sites on the hand and foot of the individual and a weak electrical current is passed through the body. The higher the resistance reading, the higher the percent body fat of the individual.
3. Balance, power and reaction time.
4. A positive form of stress that can occur when a sports performer enjoys testing their own ability and pushing themselves to reach their full potential.
5. When someone smokes, carbon monoxide enters the body and this results in less oxygen being available for working muscles. Smoking can reduce aerobic endurance levels by up to 10 per cent, reducing efficiency.
6. Fartlek training involves varying pace, from a fast sprint to a slow jog, and is beneficial in sports that involve using both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. ‘Fartlek’ comes from the Swedish word for ‘speedplay’ and is a training method that is used to enhance both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems.
7. Any three from: liver disease, certain forms of cancer, fluid retention, infertility, hardening of arteries, skin disorders.
8. It’s important to have documented evidence that shows that participants have been consulted and provided with all the necessary information to undertake the test. Informed consent confirms that the participant is able to follow the test method, knows exactly what is required of them during testing, has fully consented to their participation in the fitness tests, knows that they can ask any questions relating to the tests, understands that they can withdraw their consent at any time.
9. Intrinsic motivation is the desire to challenge yourself and the enjoyment gained from sports participation and your sporting achievements. Examples: to develop personal fitness, or to get a personal best.
Extrinsic motivation relates to receiving external rewards. Examples: receiving praise from a sports coach or winning a trophy.
Support for Assessment activitiesCriteria P1, M1, P2 – Fitness and training for sporting excellence
Meet the pass criteria and:
M1: explain the fitness requirements for achieving excellence in a selected sport. Learners should think about both the physical and skill-related components of fitness. They need to explain how and why the fitness components are needed for successful performance, providing examples to show what they mean.
Criterion P3 – Exploring lifestyle factors
P3: describe four lifestyle factors that can affect sports training and performance. Learners should outline their four factors and then point out how each factor can affect sports training and performance – examples should be provided.
M2: explain their test results and fitness levels, identifying strengths and areas for improvement. Direct learners to the published data tables in the Student book (pages XX – XX) to identify their strengths and areas for improvement. Encourage learners to use the full references for the data tables (Activity Sheet 9). They should compare their results to normative data tables and data for elite performers, pointing out the similarities and differences. Learners need to explain in detail what their test results mean, giving reasons.
D1: evaluate their test results and personal level of fitness, considering the level required to achieve excellence in a selected sport. Learners need to review in detail their personal fitness results, bringing the information together to form a conclusion. Learners should give evidence for their views. To consider the level required to achieve excellence in sport, direct learners to look at their own data results versus data results for elite performers. Learners should relate their fitness results to their sport and consider what improvements are needed to enhance their own performance.
M3: explain the effects that psychological factors can have on sports training and performance. Learners need to provide a detailed account of the ‘how’ and ‘why’, and give their reasons.
D2: analyse the effects of psychological factors on sports training and performance. Learners should give careful consideration to how motivation, personality, concentration, arousal and anxiety can affect sports training and performance. They should provide details of how they are related and how they can contribute to an effect on sports training and performance. The short-term and longer-term effects should be included.
Activity sheet answersAS1 Circuit training programme design
Accept any suitable answers.
AS2 Fitness testing and training word search 1
N O I T A V I T O M R
E
C L
S C A Y A I
T A L T I A
R L I I I M B
E C I P D I
N O L B E I L
G I N A R L I
T M S S S A T
H B E U V T B Y
N O I P
T R R E W O P
A S P E E D N
Definitions/descriptions: 1. BMI: Body Mass Index, A measure of body composition. Used to check if a person is overweight (1
point).
The test can determine if a person is at increased risk of developing Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and other cardiovascular diseases. BMI is measured in kg/m² and desirable BMI is 20-25 kg/m² (2 points).
2. Calibration: checking the accuracy of fitness testing equipment before it is used, by comparing it to a recognised standard (1 point). If equipment isn’t correctly calibrated it could lead to inaccurate (invalid) results (2 points).
3. Validity: how accurate results are (1 point). This means whether the results recorded from the fitness test are a true reflection of what you are actually trying to measure (2 points).
4. BIA: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), conducted using a BIA machine and is a method that can be used to determine percent body fat (1 point). Electrodes are placed at specific sites on the hand and foot of the individual and a weak electrical current is passed through the body. The higher the resistance reading, the higher the percent body fat of the individual (2 points).
5. Reliability: the ability to carry out the same fitness test method again and expect the same results (1 point). Reliability is repeatability – the consistency of results (2 points).
6. Consent: participants need to be consulted and given all the necessary information before they undertake any fitness tests and their consent is documented using a consent form (1 point). Informed consent confirms that the participant is able to follow the test method, knows exactly what is required of them during testing, has fully consented to their participation in the fitness tests, knows that they can ask any questions relating to the tests and understands that they can withdraw their consent at any time (2 points).
7. Strength: the maximum force a muscle or muscle group can produce (1 point). The 1-Repetition Maximum test can be used to assess strength (2 points).
8. Speed: is distance divided by the time taken and is measured in metres per second (m/s) (1 point). There are three basic types of speed – accelerative, pure speed and speed endurance (2 points).
9. Power: the product of strength and speed and is expressed as the work done in a unit of time (1 point). The vertical jump test can be used to test for power; the units are kgm/s (2 points).
10. BP: blood pressure is a lifestyle/medical history factor, measured using a blood pressure monitor (1 point). The reading is taken as Systolic BP/Diastolic BP and is measured in mmHg. 120/80mmHg is desirable (2 points).
11. Calipers: an instrument used to measure skinfold thickness (mm) (1 point). Popular makes are Harpenden and Slimguide (2 points).
12. Arousal: the increased state of readiness of a sports performer in preparation for their performance or activity (1 point). It is important that arousal levels are maintained at an optimal level in order to perform well (2 points).
13. Motivation: an internal mechanism that affects behaviour. There are two main types – intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation (1 point). An example of intrinsic motivation is getting a personal best. An example of extrinsic motivation is getting praise from a sports coach (2 points).
AS3 Tracking lifestyle factors
Individual results/class discussion. No answers can be provided.
AS4 Fitness testing and training word search 2
S S E R T S F P
B A L
M R Y Y Y
I T T O O T
L I M B I
E L S P E E D E L
K I T N S I
G R F E B
A I E B A I
F C W I L X
N S O A E
P A P N L
I C F
B S C I T E R U I D
Definitions/descriptions: 1. Plyometrics: involves completing specific exercises or activities to develop power and sport-specific skills
(1 point). Plyometric training should be used carefully, because it can be physically stressful on the body and cause muscle soreness (2 points).
2. Fartlek: The word ‘Fartlek’ comes from the Swedish word for ‘speedplay’ and is a training method that is used to enhance both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems (1 point). It involves varying pace, from a fast sprint to a slow jog, and is beneficial in sports that involve using both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems (2 points).
3. BMI: Body Mass Index, a measure of body composition and is used to check if a person is overweight (1 point). BMI is measured in kg/m², desirable BMI is 20-25 kg/m², overweight is 25-30 kg/m², and obese is 30 kg/m² or above (2 points).
4. Speed: distance divided by the time taken and is measured in metres per second (m/s) (1 point). There are three types: accelerative speed (sprints up to 30 metres), pure speed (sprints up to 60 metres) and speed endurance (sprints with short recovery period in-between) (2 points).
5. Power: the product of strength and speed and is expressed as the work done in a unit of time (1 point). The Wingate cycle test can be used to measure the anaerobic power of the quadriceps (2 points).
6. Obese: If you are obese then you are much more likely to suffer from health problems such as heart disease and diabetes (1 point). The main causes are eating too much and not doing enough exercise (2 points).
7. Balance: the ability to maintain centre of mass over a base of support (1 point). There are two types: static balance (like performing a headstand) and dynamic balance (like performing a cartwheel) (2 points).
8. BIA: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), conducted using a BIA machine and is a method that can be used to determine percent body fat (1 point). Electrodes are placed at specific sites on the hand and foot of the individual and a weak electrical current is passed through the body. The higher the resistance reading, the higher the percent body fat of the individual (2 points).
9. Diuretics: substances banned in sport (1 point). They are used to reduce body weight, and they cause side effects such as muscle cramps and kidney failure (2 points).
10. Stress: can occur if a sports performer thinks that they are unable to meet the demands of a sports performance or activity (1 point). It can have a positive or negative effect on training and performance. Stress can also affect a person’s health (2 points).
11. PNF: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF), a stretching technique for developing flexibility (1 point). The technique is performed with a partner and if completed regularly can improve mobility and joint range of motion (2 points).
12. Flexibility: means having an adequate range of motion in all joints of the body (1 point). It is the ability to move a joint through its complete range of movement (2 points).
13. Agility: the ability of a sports performer to quickly and precisely move or change direction without losing their balance (1 point). The Illinois agility run test can be used to assess a person’s agility (2 points).