BSRIA Isolation rooms Blanca Beato Arribas 26 February 2016
BSRIA
Isolation rooms
Blanca Beato Arribas
26 February 2016
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BSRIA
A test, consultancy, instrument, research and market research organisation
Specialists in construction and building services
Member based association
Our values are to be authoritative, collaborative, independent and innovative
Our Mission is to
• Make Buildings Better
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Turnover breakdown
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Advice
Indoor air quality and thermal comfort
BIM strategy and roadmap to implementation
Life Cycle Costing and environmental assessment
Soft Landings implementation
Mock up testing and design validation
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Investigations
Troubleshooting and failure investigations
Building Performance Evaluation (pre and post construction)
Maintenance audits, strategy and condition surveys
Condition monitoring
Building user guides
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Mock-up testing
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Mock-up testing
BSRIA’s facilities
White box chambers
– 9 m x 6 m x 4.5 m
– 8 m x 6 m x 4.5 m
“a box within a box”
– Controlled conditions
– Bigger spaces- i.e. open plan office
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Isolation Rooms
Department of Health of England
PPVL and Negative P
CL4 downflow system
Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS), Northern Ireland
Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
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PPVL Concept
Protection from
airborne infection
Protection to inmuno
compromised patients
Protection to staff in
room
Corridor
Isolation room
Bac
k pa
ssag
e
Ensuite
Lobby
Viewing chamber
S
E
Corridor
0.70
4.24 2.49
1.80
1.12
2.41
2.
0
2.8
4.5
8.45
6.83
All measurements in m
Internal height=3m excluding floor
Internal height lobby=2.7m excluding floor
Positively Pressurised Ventilated Lobby
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Supply
220 l/s
Pressure
stabiliser
100 l/s
Extract
160 l/s
Door
60 l/s
Door
60 l/s
Door
60 l/s
Grille
100 l/s
+10 Pa0 Pa
0 Pa
-10 Pa
HBN4 Isolation room
LOBBY
ISOLATION
ROOM
EN SUITE
BATHROOM
CORRIDOR
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Intensive Care Unit
CORRIDORPLANT ROOM
ISOLATION ROOM
LOBBY
Lobby to Isolation room door
Lobby to corridor door
Bed
RPS
LPS
Supply
Supply
High Extract
Low Extract
0 Pa
0 Pa
0 Pa10 Pa
0 Pa
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Mock-up construction HBN4
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ICU Mock-up Belfast
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CL4 mock-up Bracknell
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Isolation room
Validated
Smoke tests
Airtightness
Gas tracer
tests Salt tests/
bio-
aerosols*
Design
Mock-up
construction
Room air
movement
Validation process
CFD
*University of Leeds, UK
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Airtightness
Differential Pressure
Flows through structure
These flows need to be
quantified
Set up the P/S and flow
under doors
Fan failure
BSRIA Standard on
airtightness of Isolation
rooms in 2016ATTMA Technical Standard 1 Issue 2 “Measuring Air Permeability of Building Envelopes”
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Airtightness
Sealed plate for testing
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Smoke tests
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Smoke tests
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Anemometer Surveys
(Room air movement)
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Gas Tracer Tests
Nitrous Oxide
Release: different points
Room challenges: fan failure,
effect of doors
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Gas Tracer Tests
Nitrous Oxide
Release: patient, sink,
nurse, tent
Room challenges: fan
failure, effect of doors
N2O-airborne
pathogens-studied at
the university of Leeds,
UK
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Gas tracer tests
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Comparison of PPVL and Neg P(Normalised Gas tracer concentration)
Model Type Test Extr.ppm 2
Bed
3
LHS
4
LHS
5
RHS
7
under bed ACR (h
-1)
Measured
1 PPVL 24 152 1.31 0.96 0.99 1.39 1.15 8.5
1 Neg P 30 174 0.95 0.86 0.90 1.14 0.44 11
Model Type Test Extr.ppm Extract Around bed 6
by nurse
2
by sink
7
under bed
ACR (h-1
)
Measured
2 PPVL 5 138 Low 1.00 0.88 0.97 0.88 12.3
2 Neg P 29 152 Low 1.18 1.18 0.98 0.86 18.2
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CFD model
Model of empty room
Pressure stabiliser
Air speed
measurements- Used to
verify the predictions
Accurate modelling of
blade profile
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Airtightness
Building Regulations :10 m3/hr/m2 at 50 Pa
BSRIA 1 m3/hr/m2 at a test pressure of 10 Pa = 2.62
at 50 Pa.
Model Working P Test P ALI ALI (used) Max Test Flow Rate
Max. Test Flow
Rate / unit volume
(Pa) (Pa) m3/(h.m
2) m
3/(h.m
2) (l.s
-1) (l.s
-1 per m
3)
1 10 20 3.16 3 72.5 1.01
15 30 3.87 3.9 94.3 1.31
20 40 4.47 4.5 108.8 1.51
25 50 5 5 120.8 1.68
2 10 20 3.16 3 99.2 0.75
15 30 3.87 3.9 128.9 0.98
20 40 4.47 4.5 148.8 1.13
25 50 5 5 165.3 1.25
nPkQ
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Conclusions-Cat 1-3 Isolation
rooms
Successful validation: Well mixed (80%) single zone
Good comparison between GTT salt tests and
bioaerosols
Structural integrity = passive protection
Pressure differentials = protection to an extent (doors
closed)
Protection within the room = determined by internal
flows
– 0.5 to 2 of extract concentration
– Dilution strategy provides 10^3 Protection factor
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Acknowledgements
The Department of Health of England
The Department of Health, Social Services and
Public Safety (DHSSPS), Northern Ireland
The University of Leeds, UK
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The patient in the next bed is highly contagious- thank God for these curtains!!
Thank you for
your attention
Any questions?