Chapter 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW Background of the Study Technology, in all phase of man’s activities, has become a vital factor in satisfying man in ending needs and in achieving desirable outputs with less effort but with more comfort compared with doing it through traditional ways. Modern technologies are designed to provide an interesting, accessible, convenient and more manageable time for the user to help them do their work much easier. Thus, technology has a big role in stimulating people’s work and making work much reliable and acceptable. Jinan Fiaidhi (2010) mentioned that Information Technology (IT) has become an integral part of everyday life. From commerce to government to scientific discovery, health care, education, entertainment and environmental management. Information Technology is indispensable and will continue to fuel further advances in all facets of human
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Chapter 1
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Background of the Study
Technology, in all phase of man’s activities, has become a vital
factor in satisfying man in ending needs and in achieving desirable
outputs with less effort but with more comfort compared with doing it
through traditional ways. Modern technologies are designed to provide
an interesting, accessible, convenient and more manageable time for
the user to help them do their work much easier. Thus, technology has
a big role in stimulating people’s work and making work much reliable
and acceptable.
Jinan Fiaidhi (2010) mentioned that Information Technology (IT)
has become an integral part of everyday life. From commerce to
government to scientific discovery, health care, education,
entertainment and environmental management. Information
Technology is indispensable and will continue to fuel further advances
in all facets of human endeavors. At the same time IT provides a
powerful foundation for tackling many problems that we face in the
21st century. These includes data modelling and prediction to help
manage deforestation of resource exploration. The people witnessed
rapid advances in IT recent years, and further advances in IT will help
solve many problems in the future.
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In addition, (L.Schneider et al, 2009) said that computerization
becomes a major contribution to the growth of many nations in the
world. Computers do things fast especially in acquiring and managing
information. The success of organization depends on its ability to
acquire accurate and timely data about its operation, to manage this
data effectively, and to analyse its own activities for decision making
purpose.
Computers are also used in the various fields of specialization
most especially in medical researches, patient records. The computers
are used in preparing inventories of drugs and medical equipment.
According to Kavita Medical Centre, Lucknow (K. M. C) is a
prestigious hospital situated in the heart of HazratGanj, Lucknow, India
with a very large patient capacity. Its rich medical store serves to the
purpose of the medicines of the patients who visit the hospital. The
medical store is facing problems in maintaining its inventory and
keeping its relations up-to-date with its suppliers. The medical store
issues medicines to the patients and also receives the unused
medicines in good condition from the patients to minimize wastage.
With increasing number t patients this record keeping has become a
burden and is no longer sustainable with the current manual system.
It, therefore, badly needs an improved and efficient computerized
system for maintaining its inventory and purchase activities.
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The hospital treats both indoor patients and outdoor patients. It
has to maintain full information of the indoor patients as well as
outdoor patients for the purpose of historical use. Doctors who serve to
the hospital are the regular employees of the hospital; however,
sometimes external doctors are used to handle complicated cases. So
the hospital needs to maintain its doctor’s records separately along
with the records of its other employees. All these operations are
getting unmanageable day by day because of their stiff rise in data.
The senior management of the hospital invest into a computerized
hospital management and information system which keep the records
of its patients, employees, medical store, doctors etc. and also to able
handle its complete accounting.
In the Philippines setting, the computing history of the Philippine
Heart Center has proven its capacity to maintain its vision to be
premiere institution to take care of the cardiovascular problems and
related disease. Ever since, it has constantly expanded and utilized
technology in providing better services to its clientele. The Philippine
Heart Center for Asia (PHCA) has been using a computer for its
business operations, particularly for its patients billing. With the
purchase of its first general-purpose computer, programs were
developed to automate the process of Discharging of Check-up
Package/Medical Patients, Notice of Directory (G. Manzano et al, 2007).
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Another hospital, the Makati Medical Center (MMC), the
Philippines premier hospital started operations in 1969, and is now a
469-bed tertiary hospital that provides sophisticated diagnostic,
medical and surgical facilities. With patient wellness in mind, they
provide high-quality healthcare services through integrated specialty
centers operated by highly qualified physicians and nurses, as well as
technical and management staff, sustained by well-developed research
and training programs and enabled by state-of-the-art professional
equipment and specialized tools. MMC upgraded their HMIS to further
improve the quality service both its patients and hospital professionals
(Indra IT multinational, 2012).
Meanwhile at province hospitals, the Nazareth General Hospital
is one of the competitive hospital in Dagupan City that provides state
of the art medical equipment, better and sufficient services and well
trained medical personnel. The institution always aims to be the edge
of technology and opportunities for enhancement and change. This
institution has grabbed the opportunity of its technology compliance
for patients with the computer based system. The online Patient’s
Information System with Computerized Medical Transcription provides
better solutions on the current procedures of the hospital’s personnel
and generate a long term benefits between their patients and clients
(B. Almerol, 2007).
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Urdaneta Sacred Heart Hospital is the largest private hospital in
Eastern Pangasinan. In the year 2008, Urdaneta Sacred Heart acquired
the Hospital Information Management System (HIMS) after
encountering problems from the past years. HIMS is a comprehensive
solution that automates the clinical, administrative and supply-chain
function and enables the healthcare provides to improve operational
effectiveness, consequently reducing cost and medical errors, while
enhancing quality of care. HIMS cover billing and administration,
clinical systems, supply chain modules and business intelligence. The
clinical system comprises an electronic patient record which forms the
core of the system and links all other departments in the hospital.
Hospital Management System includes discharge summary with
reports or diagnostic test, vitals, doctor’s notes along with medication
administered and billing information (Reyes et.al. 2009).
Furthermore, Patients Information System of Region 1 Medical
Center is utilized as part of the study regarding usability of the system.
The system covers the in-patient and out-patient registration, medical
records, medical report and survey of diseases. The system evaluated
by using the usability questionnaire or WAMMMI or Website Analysis
and Measurement Inventory (A. Jestoni, 2007)
The Barangay Health Center in San Nicolas, Villasis, Pangasinan
is a community-based and patient-directed organization. Its goal is to
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provide first aid, maternal and child health care, diagnosis of social
diseases, and other basic health services to all the members of the
community it is serving.
One of the concerns of Barangay San Nicolas Community Health
Center is how to reduce number of paper works in having a transaction
with the patient that could fasten the process of admission,
discharging of patients.
The proponents proposed a Community Health Information
System of Barangay San Nicolas, Pangasinan that is intended to solve
the problems discovered along the areas of patients’ medical records
and medicine inventory which is greatly affect the hospital medical
services. Through the proposed study, the community health center
can easily manage and maintain the patient’s information.
With the used of the proposed study it will eliminate or lessen
the problems concern of Barangay San Nicolas Community Health
Center.
Statements of the Objectives
The main objective of the study is to develop a Community
Health Information System for Barangay San Nicolas, Villasis,
Pangasinan that would relieve the Community Health Center in
accuracy and deficiencies of records.
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The study will provide faster and easier process which in turn would
lead on improved services to the patients.
1. Determine the current process of health center along the
following areas:
a. Adding Patient’s Information
b. Editing Patient’s Information
c. Searching Patient’s Records
d. Backing-up patient’s medical records
e. Medicine inventory
2. Identify the problems encountered in the existing process of
health center along the following areas:
a. Adding Patient’s Information
b. Editing Patient’s Information
c. Searching Patient’s Records
d. Backing-up patient’s medical records
e. Medicine inventory
3. Specify the Functional and Non-Functional Requirements of the
proposed system.
4. Identify the System Requirements and Specification of the
proposed system.
Importance of the Study
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The Barangay San Nicolas Community Health Center Information
System will not only be beneficial to the organization but also to the
patients and the institution. In undertaking this proposed study, the
proponents also take consideration to the other beneficiaries as well.
To Community Health Center. This proposed system once
implemented will not only promote the institution as a highly
competitive institution when it comes to information technology but
also help in promoting health care. They will have a fast and reliable
data presented to the patients.
To the Barangay Health Worker. The system could be of great
help to the Barangay San Nicolas, Villasis, Pangasinan Health Center
especially to the Barangay Health Workers. The previously stated
problem encountered in use of manual system would be addressed
levelling the quality and standard of their work, meeting the patient’s
expectation and needs. These would boost their performance bringing
the better service and causing a constant and consistent progress.
To the Patient. This will help the patient have a faster transaction
on different processes in Barangay Community Health Center.
To the Proponents. Through the proposed system, the
proponents will be able to learn not just by theories but through
applications. The proposed study allowed the proponents to determine
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the appropriate methodology, tools and features in developing a
system.
To the Future Proponents. In undertaking this proposed system,
the proponents also take in consideration the future students who will
undertake the same proposed study or related studies and use for their
future references.
Scope and Delimitations
The main purpose of the proposed system is to develop an Information
System of Barangay San Nicolas Community Health Center and to
enhance the company’s performance in giving a quality service to the
people.
This study focuses primarily on monitoring patient’s information
including the Administrator management, Patient management,
Medical record and Inventory Management. The system generates
reports to monitor the number of in-patient and out-patient records
and searching patient’s profile/records such as patient’s visit history
and medical records. The system generates reports to monitor the
number of in-patient and out-patient every day.
On the other hand, medicine inventory are also included in the
proposed system wherein it can monitor the stocks of the medicine
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and it can identify the items that are in a critical state. However, the
proponents limit the features of the proposed system to the
Midwife/Nurse and Barangay Health workers only.
The study does not include the scheduling of appointments and
room management.
Definition of Terms
In order to fully understand the proposed system the following
terms were defined operationally and conceptually.
Current System. It refers to the existing system of Barangay San
Nicolas Community Health Center, which is manual system.
Data Flow Diagram. A graphical illustration that shows the flow of
data in the system.
Documentation. Detailed information based on the process used
in creating the system.
End-user. The person that will be using the system.
In-Patient. It is a patient who is admitted to a hospital or clinic for
treatment that requires at least overnight stay.
Information System. It refers to the specific application software
that is used to store Patients records in a computer system and
automated some of the information processing activities in the Health
Center.
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Information Technology. It refers to anything related to the
computer technology, such as networking, hardware, software,
internet, or the people that work with these technologies.
Manual System. A system involving data processing which does
not make use of stored-program equipment.
Medical Records. It refers to the systematic documentation of a
single patient’s medical history and care across time within one
particular health care provider’s jurisdiction.
Out-Patient. It is a person who is admitted to the hospital or clinic
that does not require an overnight stay.
Patient. It refers to any recipient of health care services, it is
often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician.
Patient Information. From the root word itself “Patient
Information”, it is the information of the patients that will be needed on
every transactions.
Record. It is a collection of data, a collection of related items of
information treated as unit by a computer.
System. Is a set of interacting or interdependent components
forming an integrated whole.
Transaction. It is an agreement, contract, exchange,
communication, or transfer of cash that occurs between two or more
parties and establishes a legal obligation. It also refers in an action
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that adds, removes, or changes data in a database or in the proposed
study.
Brgy. San Nicolas Community Health Center Information System
Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
Software Development Methodology
A software development Methodology or a system development
methodology in a software engineering is a framework that is used to
structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information
system.
A wide variety of such framework have evolved over the years,
each of this has strengths and weaknesses. Each methodology is best
suited to specific kind of projects based on various technical,
organizational and team considerations.
Agile Approach is an iterative, team-based approach to
development. This approach emphasizes the rapid delivery of an
application in complete functional components. Rather than creating
tasks and schedules, all time is “time-boxed” into phases called
“sprints.” Each sprint has a defined duration (usually in weeks) with a
running list of deliverables, planned one sprint in advance.
Deliverables are prioritized by business value as determined by the
customer. If all planned work for the sprint cannot be completed, work
is reprioritized and the information is used for future sprint planning.
As work is completed during each sprint, it is continuously reviewed
and evaluated by the customer, who may be considered the most
Methodology | 13
critical member of the agile team. As a result, Agile relies on a very
high level of customer involvement throughout the project.
The proponents start off with a simplistic project design, and
then begin to work on small modules. The work on these modules is
done in weekly or monthly sprints, and at the end of each sprint,
project priorities are evaluated and tests are run. These sprints allow
for bugs to be discovered, and customer feedback to be incorporated
into the design before the next sprint is run.
The process, with its lack of initial design and steps, is often
criticized for its collaborative nature that focuses on principles rather
than process.
Agile Unified Process (AUP) is a simplified version of the Rational
Unified Process (RUP) developed by Scott Ambler. It describes a simple,
easy to understand approach to developing business application
software using agile techniques and concepts yet still remaining true
to the RUP. The AUP applies agile techniques including test-driven
development (TDD), Agile Modeling (AM), agile change management,
and database refactoring to improve productivity.
In 2011 the AUP accounted for one percent of all the Agile
Methodologies used. In 2012 the AUP was superseded by
Disciplined (DAD). Since then work has ceased on evolving AUP.
Brgy. San Nicolas Community Health Center Information System