BSc (Hons) Environmental Sciences - JSS AHER Mauritius

JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mauritius Droopnat Ramphul Avenue, Bonne Terre Vacoas, Republic of Mauritius

JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mauritius

Application for Accreditation of Programmes

BSc (Hons) Environmental Sciences

Submitted to

Tertiary Education Commission (TEC)



Programme Information

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JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Mauritius)



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Table of Contents

SN Details Pages

Part I

Programme Document - Programme Information - Programme Aims - Programme Objectives - Overall Programme Learning Outcomes - General Entry requirements - Programme Entry Requirements - Programme Mode and Duration - Teaching and Learning Strategy - Student support and guidance - Attendance Requirement - Credit System - Student Progress and Assessment - Award Classification - Programme Organisation and Management - Programme Structure

1 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 6 6 7 7 9 9

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Part II Time Table 12

Part III Module Information Sheets (MIS) 15





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PART I

PROGRAMME DOCUMENT





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JSS Academy of Higher Education And Research (Mauritius)

Faculty of Health Sciences

Module Information Sheet

Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D)




BSc (Hons) Environmental Science[Full-Time]

PROGRAMME DOCUMENT





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B.Sc. (Hons.) in Environmental Sciences A. Programme Information

The prudent management of our precious water resources, environment conservation, and sustainable development are high on the agenda of global concerns. Addressing these challenges requires professionals with a high degree of specialization and interdisciplinary approach. In order to develop improved systems and practices to preserve the most precious resource of our planet, there are a great demand fort rained people. In view of the huge focus and investment made by all nations on the water sector, there is a tremendous need for specially trained work force for supporting the institution involved in the development and management of water, at both the grass roots levels and at the institutional level. Applying knowledge gained through environmental science is the only way to solve these problems so that the environment can be preserved. The rapid urbanization of the environment needs to be studied constantly in order to avoid altering and damaging the environment significantly. Ultimately, environmental science is necessary to save the environment from destruction and all of its dependents from extinction.

B.Sc. Environmental Sciences at JSSAHER is intended for high school graduates and students from wide range of backgrounds who aim to develop their knowledge and insights pertaining to the environment. The course in designed to provide critical and practical skills to analyses, evaluate, design and implement solution and strategies with regard to water and health issues.

B. Programme Aims

This BSc programme aims to lead students from conceptual to practical skills, from service delivery to strategic scientific and research skills and to problem-solving and project management by equipping them with the latest advanced technical knowledge and relevant skills necessary to facilitate efficiency, effectiveness and a high quality of delivery with regards to environmental problems. The programme aims to provide a thorough understanding of sustainable management principles and their application to the complex spheres affecting the environment.

C. Programme Objectives

The programme aims to provide the students with:

A curriculum which provides a broader range of subjects to facilitate the development of skills, abilities, pursuit of interest and promotion of career development

The ability to contribute to the new and modern developments with reduced impact on the environment

The confidence to tackle with modern issues affecting the environment A wider range of transferable and marketable skills and knowledge leading to a variety of

employment opportunities within the environmental sector Teaching and learning techniques which place emphasis on active and participative education The ability to apply modern technologies to solve various environmental issues and problems





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D. Overall Programme Learning Outcomes This programme will enable students to:

Knowledge and Understanding Appraise the relationship between human and physical aspects of the landscape and the

environment in a variety of contexts in the past and present. Evaluate examples of the growth, decline and sustainability of human societies within

different environmental contexts, and their relation to issues of climate change. Critically review issues relating to the management of the contemporary environment

including their causes, monitoring and management strategies in the context of sustainable development.

Confident understanding and use of subject specific principles and methods associated with environmental science, including laboratory practices, appropriate use of instrumentation, and monitoring regimes

Professional Skills Critically develop, apply, report, interpret and reflect on strategies for collecting data in the

lab and field including laboratory investigation techniques, use of basic numerical and statistical techniques, and environmental monitoring regimes.

Formulate a research design and complete a substantial work of independent study

Personal Transferable Skills Employ skills in independent learning including: identifying, accessing and citing

authoritative information from a variety of sources; time management, IT and computer assisted learning skills; and critical reflection on own learning

Appropriately employ written and oral communications skills including essay writing, report writing, the preparation of a curriculum vitae, and presentation within a conference format

Work effectively in a team, taking full responsibility for both process and outcome

E. General Entry Requirements

JSSAHER will follow the admission requirements of TEC for tertiary education level programmes. The Faculty of Life Sciences, on a case-to-case basis, will make admission decisions. Candidates must have: EITHER (i) Pass in 3 Subjects at A-level and 1 subject at subsidiary level of Higher School Certificate Examination; OR





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(ii) Pass in 2 Subjects at A-level and 2 subjects at subsidiary level of Higher School Certificate Examination; OR (iii) Pass in 3 Subjects at A-level at the London General Certificate Examination; OR (iv) A qualification equivalent to the above. Overseas Candidates Overseas candidates whose first language is not English and who do not hold a degree or equivalent professional qualification taught in English will be required to produce evidence of their competence in English.

F. Programme Entry Requirements

“A” Level in Mathematics and Chemistry.

G. Programme Mode and Duration

Full Time: Minimum 3 Years (6 Semesters) – Maximum 6 Years (12 Semesters) H. Teaching and Learning Strategy

The programme will consist of a wide variety of teaching methods, including lectures, tutorial and practical, individual or group projects, assignments, presentations, workshops, seminars and case studies. Self-learning will be the key feature of the programme, enabling students to explore, investigate and research in various issues related to infrastructure and construction management. The following principles aim to guide excellence in learning and teaching practices, while recognising that effective learning and teaching involves a partnership between students and the institution: a) Creating an engaging, motivating, and intellectually stimulating learning environment and

experience. b) Encouraging the spirit of critical inquiry and creative innovation informed by current

research. c) Emphasising the importance, relevance, and integration of theory and knowledge with

professional practice to develop solutions to real world issues. d) Providing learning experiences that develop inter-culturally capable graduates who can

make a difference as socially and ethically responsible global citizens. e) Valuing and recognising individual and cultural diversity through the provision of an

inclusive context of support and respect for all students. f) Enhancing student engagement and learning through effective curriculum design,

pedagogy and assessment strategies. g) Continuously improving teaching practice through academic staff professional

development, and critical reflection informed by a range of evaluation approaches.; h) Conducting evaluation (feedback) exercises, through which the students will be

encouraged to give their view and rate the teaching quality of each lecturer – The feedback survey forms would be analysed and reports would be generated. Appropriate measures would be taken to improve weaknesses and shortcomings; All feedback survey forms





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would be securely kept for verification and consultation as and when required; The feedback exercise will be conducted every semester before the end of courses to ensure that students’ views are appropriately taken care prior to their sitting for examinations;

i) Conducting Performance Appraisal exercises for all teaching and non-teaching staff members; This exercise allow the institution to find room for improvement, evaluate the staff’s opportunities for promotion and to channel staff members for training and development as learning is an on-going process not only students but for lecturers and other staff members also.

JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mauritius considers feedback from students as vital and has established a student feedback form for each module being taught every semester. The criterion under which a course will be evaluated is as follows:

a) Knowledge of the lecturer related to the subject; b) Coverage of the syllabus – Was the syllabus covered completely and thoroughly or was any topic not covered; c) Delivery of lecturer or demonstration for practical; d) Discipline in class (theory and practical) – Did the lecturer have control over his batch of students; e) Interaction in class – Did the lecturer invite students to participate in class? f) Audibility of voice – Did the lecturer express himself clearly and could all students hear / understand when he/ she explained? g) Explanation and emphasis on important points – Was the subject being explained with respect to the syllabus and were important points highlighted? Did the lecturer make use of relevant examples to support the explanations? h) Evaluation of subject notes or learning materials being provided to students – clarity, conciseness and relevance; i) Infrastructure being given for the subject being taught – classroom quality (clarity of white board, aeration, LCD and multimedia projector equipment, etc.) j) Evaluation of practical sessions – laboratories, equipment, safety, knowledge of the lecturer, etc.; k) Information being given students – Did the lecturer provide students with information that were related to only the subject matter or did they provide a broader picture of the subject for more learning. l) Were students motivated to attend conferences/ seminars / industrial training to enhance their knowledge? The feedback exercise would be carried out anonymously meaning that students do not divulge their identities while filling the form Once the feedback exercise has been carried out, the administrative department would work on each form and compile the data and submit same to the Head of Faculty. The latter will analyze the information and call the lecturers to inform them of the evaluation of the subject and work on ways to improve effectiveness and efficiency of lecturers and implementation of new ways of teaching and learning.

The feedback mechanism is expected to assist JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mauritius, to improve the following:

Quality of teaching Service provided to students both academic and non-academic





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Infrastructure – new equipment in laboratories, classrooms Organization of extra-curricular activities – outings, sports activities, cultural events, etc. Quality of learning materials distributed to students Importance of courses being delivered; Objectives and career pathway of students Creation of short training programmes to enhance learning Encouraging faculty members to pursue their studies to higher levels Converting weaknesses of faculties to strengths to provide better learning opportunities

for students. I. Student Support and Guidance

Each cohort of the programme is allocated a Programme Coordinator who will act as a liaison officer between the students and the institution. The programme coordinator will also provide support for academic management of the programme The student support and guidance include: - Tutoring - Access to library / E-library - Access to IT workshop - A variety of student welfare activities.

J. Attendance Requirement

The students must secure a minimum of 80 % attendance in each subject to become eligible to take term end examination. All students must attend every lecture, tutorial and practical classes except for approved leave like medical emergencies etc., Each course of the semester shall be treated as a separate unit for calculation of the attendance. A student, who does not satisfy the attendance requirement, mentioned as above, shall not be eligible to appear for the examination of that semester and not promoted to higher semester. The student shall be required to repeat that semester along with regular students later by paying the prescribed fee as per the regulations of JSSAHERM.

K. Credit System

a. Credit Equivalence

1. (i) 1 credit = 15 hours of lecture (ii) 1 credit = 30 hours of practical/tutorials/seminars

2. Project / Dissertation: 12 credits.

b. Credits Per Level

Each level shall constitute of the following number of credit subject to the required number of credits for award:

Level 1 (Certificate) :33 - 53 credits Level 2 (Diploma) :33 - 48 credits





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Level 3 (BSc) :33 - 58 credits L. Student Progress and Assessment

The evaluation of performance of the student is based on the marks obtained in each module. Semester Percentage Average (SPA) and Cumulative Percentage Average (CPA) are calculated to determine their final awards at the end of their programme of study.

Modules are assessed through written examinations of duration of 3 hours. All modules are normally assessed over 100 marks, except for project/dissertation

which will be assessed over 300 marks. The overall pass mark for a module shall be 40%, subject to the students submitting

their continuous assessment within set deadlines. All modules must be passed in the examinations, coursework and other forms of

assessment.

The modules will be assessed as follows:

- End semester examinations contributing to 70% of the total marks

- Continuous assessment carrying 30% of total marks. Continuous assessment can be based on seminars and/or assignments or class tests.

In order to pass in a module, a minimum of 40% should be attained in:

a) Continuous assessment, and in b) End semester examination

Grading

Undergraduate

Overall Marks Grade Remarks

70 ≤ X ≤100 A Excellent

60 ≤X < 70 B Very Good

50 ≤ X < 60 C Good

40 ≤ X < 50 D Satisfactory

X < 40 F Fail

Calculation of Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA)

The performance of a student in a semester is indicated by a number called ‘Semester Grade Point Average’ (SGPA). The SGPA is the weighted average of the grade points obtained in all the courses by the student during the semester. For example, if a student takes five courses (Theory/Practical) in a semester with credits C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 and the student’s grade points in these courses are G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively, and then students’ SGPA is equal to:





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SGPA =

The SGPA is calculated to two decimal points. It should be noted that, the SGPA for any semester shall take into consideration the F grade awarded in that semester. For example, if a learner has a F grade in course 4, the SGPA shall then be computed as:

SGPA =

Calculation of Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)

The CGPA is calculated with the SGPA of all the semesters to two decimal points and is indicated in final grade report card/final transcript showing the grades of all semesters and their courses. The CGPA shall reflect the failed status in case of F grade(s), till the course(s) is/are passed. When the course(s) is/are passed by obtaining a pass grade on subsequent examination(s) the CGPA shall only reflect the new grade and not the fail grades earned earlier. The CGPA is calculated as:

CGPA =

where C1, C2, Cn…. is the total number of credits for semester I,II,…, n, and S1,S2, Sn….is the SGPA of each semester I,II,…, n.

M. Award Classification

The class shall be awarded on the basis of CGPA as follows:

Classification of Award CGPA

First Class with Distinction 7.00 and above

First Class 6.00 to 6.99

Second Class 5.00 to 5.99

Third Class 4.00 to 4.99

No Award less than 4.00 N. Programme Organisation and Management

Programme Coordinator : Name : Dr S Balasubramanian Email : [email protected]





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O. Programme Structure: B.Sc (Hons.) in Environmental Sciences – Full-Time

YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2

Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits

BES101 Introduction to Environmental Sciences

4 4 BES201 Natural Resources & Management

4 4

BES102 Ecosystem Dynamics 4 4 BES202 Environmental

Chemistry 4 4

BES103 Components of Biodiversity & Conservation

4 4 BES203 Environmental Pollution 4 4

BES104 Statistical Applications # 4 4 BES204 Environmental

Microbiology## 4 4

BES105 Environmental Science Laboratory-I

4 4 BES205 Environmental Sciences Laboratory – II

4 4

Total 20 Total 20 # Common for all UG courses ##Common for B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology, B.Sc (Hons.) in Environmental Science, B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology

YEAR 2 Semester 3 Semester 4


BES301 Environmental Monitoring Techniques

4 4 BES401 Water & Waste Water Treatment

4 4

BES302 Environmental Management 4 4 BES402 Solid Waste

Management 4 4

BES303 Marine Ecology 4 4 BES403 Hydrology 4 4

BES304 Basics of Computers### 4 4 BES404 Environmental

Biotechnology#* 4 4

BES305 Environmental Sciences Laboratory – III

4 4 BES405 Environmental Sciences Laboratory – IV

4 4

Total 20 Total 20 ###Common for B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology, B.Sc (Hons.) in Environmental Science, B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology #*Common for B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology, B.Sc (Hons.) in Environmental Science, B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology

YEAR 3





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Semester 5 Semester 6 Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits Code Modules Hrs/W

k Credits

BES 501 Climate Change & Sustainability 4 4 BES 601 Elective-I* 4 4

BES 502 Environmental Impact Assessment

4 4 BES 602 Elective-II** 4 4

BES 503 Environmental Sciences Laboratory – IV

4 4 BES 603 Dissertation 10 10

BES 504 Project work/Industrial Visit/Field work

8 8 Viva-voce 2 2

Total 20 Total 20 *For Elective – I (One of the following paper) BES601a-Disaster management BES601b-Geoinformatic Science BBT601a- Agricultural Biotechnology BBT601b- Medical Biotechnology BMB601a- Biopesticides and Biofertilizers BMB601b- Fermentation Technology ** For Elective – II (One of the following paper) BES602a-Renewable Energy& Green Chemistry BES602b-Integratedwater resource management BBT602a- Industrial Biotechnology BBT602b- Food Preservation and Adultration BMB602a- IPR, Bioethics and Biosafety BMB602b- Vermiculture Technology Summary of Number of Credits

Total Number of Credits Semester No. of Credits

I 20 II 20 III 20 IV 20 V 20 VI 20





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PART II

TIME TABLE





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BSc (Hons) ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DURATION: 3 YEARS (6 SEMESTERS)

FULL TIME TIMETABLE YEAR 1

SEMESTER 1 COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE HRS/WK DAY(S) LECTURER TIME VENUE LECTURER’S

QUALIFICATIONS

BES101 Introduction to Environmental

Sciences 4 Monday Dr. Shivaraju H. P. 08:30 – 12:30 Lab 1 Ph.D.

BES102 Ecosystem Dynamics 4 Wednesday Dr. Suriyanarayanan

S. 08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.


4 Tuesday Dr. Shivaraju H. P. 08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.

BES104 Statistical Applications# 4 Thursday Dr. Balasubramanian

S. 08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.

BES105 Environmental

Science Laboratory-I

4 Friday Dr. Suriyanarayanan S. 08:30 – 12:30 Lab 1 Ph.D.

SEMESTER 2 COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE HRS/

WK DAY LECTURER TIME VENUE LECTURER’S QUALIFICATIONS

BES201 Natural

Resources & Management

4 Monday Dr. Balasubramanian S. 08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.

BES202 Environmental Chemistry 4 Wednesday Dr. Shivaraju H. P. 08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.

BES203 Environmental Pollution 4 Tuesday Dr. Suriyanarayanan

S. 08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.

BES204 Environmental Microbiology## 4 Thursday Dr. Sumana K. 08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.


Sciences Laboratory – II

4 Friday Dr. Shivaraju H. P. 08:30 – 12:30 Lab 2 Ph.D.

# Common for all UG courses ##Common for BSc (Hons) Biotechnology, BSc (Hons) Environmental Science, BSc (Hons) Microbiology

YEAR 2





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SEMESTER 1 COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE HRS/WK DAY(S) LECTURER TIME VENUE LECTURER’S

QUALIFICATIONS


Monitoring Techniques

4 Monday Dr. Suriyanarayanan S. 08:30 – 12:30 11 Ph.D.

BES302 Environmental Management 4 Wednesday Dr. Shivaraju H. P. 08:30 –

12:30 11 Ph.D.

BES303 Marine Ecology 4 Tuesday Dr. Balasubramanian S. 08:30 – 12:30 11 Ph.D.

BES304 Basics of Computers### 4 Thursday Dr. Chandan S. 08:30 –

12:30 11 Ph.D.


Sciences Laboratory – III

4 Friday Dr. Balasubramanian S. 08:30 – 12:30 Lab 2 Ph.D.

SEMESTER 2 COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE HRS/WK DAY LECTURER TIME VENUE LECTURER’S

QUALIFICATIONS

BES401 Water & Waste

Water Treatment

4 Monday Dr. Shivaraju H. P. 08:30 – 12:30 11 Ph.D.

BES402 Solid Waste Management 4 Wednesday Dr. Balasubramanian S. 08:30 –

12:30 11 Ph.D.

BES403 Hydrology 4 Tuesday Dr. Suriyanarayanan S. 08:30 – 12:30 11 Ph.D.

BES404 Environmental Biotechnology#* 4 Thursday Dr. Gopinath T. 08:30 –

12:30 11 Ph.D.


Sciences Laboratory – IV

4 Friday Dr. Suriyanarayanan S. 08:30 – 12:30 Lab 2 Ph.D.

###Common for BSc (Hons) Biotechnology, BSc (Hons) Environmental Science, BSc (Hons) Microbiology #*Common for BSc (Hons) Biotechnology, BSc (Hons) Environmental Science, BSc (Hons) Microbiology

YEAR 3 SEMESTER 1

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE HRS/

WK DAY(S) LECTURER TIME VENUE LECTURER’S

QUALIFICATIONS





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BES 501 Climate Change & Sustainability 4 Monday Dr. Suriyanarayanan S. 08:30 –

12:30 14 Ph.D.


4 Wednesday Dr. Balasubramanian S. 08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.


4 Tuesday Dr. Shivaraju H. P.

08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.

SEMESTER 2 COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE HRS/WK DAY LECTURER TIME VENUE

LECTURER’S QUALIFICATION

S

BES 601 Elective – I 4 Monday Dr. Balasubramanian S Dr. Suriyanarayanan S

08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.

BES 602 Elective – II 4 Friday Dr. Shivaraju HP Dr. Suriyanarayanan S

08:30 – 12:30 14 Ph.D.





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PART III

MODULE INFORMATIONSHEETS





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JSS Academy of Higher Education And Research (Mauritius)



Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D)




BSc (Hons) Environmental Science





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Programme Structure: B.Sc (Hons.) in Environmental Sciences – Full-Time

YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2




4 4


Chemistry 4 4



BES104 Statistical Applications # 4 4 BES204 Environmental

Microbiology## 4 4



4 4

Total 20 Total 20 # Common for all UG courses ##Common for B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology, B.Sc (Hons.) in Environmental Science, B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology




4 4 BES401 Water & Waste Water Treatment

4 4


Management 4 4


BES304 Basics of Computers### 4 4 BES404 Environmental

Biotechnology#* 4 4



4 4

Total 20 Total 20 ###Common for B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology, B.Sc (Hons.) in Environmental Science, B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology #*Common for B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology, B.Sc (Hons.) in Environmental Science, B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology






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Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits Code Modules Hrs/Wk

Credits







8 8 Viva-voce 2 2

Total 20 Total 20 *For Elective – I (One of the following paper) BES601a-Disaster management BES601b-Geoinformatic Science BBT601a- Agricultural Biotechnology BBT601b- Medical Biotechnology BMB601a- Biopesticides and Biofertilizers BMB601b- Fermentation Technology ** For Elective – II (One of the following paper) BES602a-Renewable Energy& Green Chemistry BES602b-Integratedwater resource management BBT602a- Industrial Biotechnology BBT602b- Food Preservation and Adultration BMB602a- IPR, Bioethics and Biosafety BMB602b- Vermiculture Technology Summary of Number of Credits


I 20 II 20 III 20 IV 20 V 20 VI 20





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Programme Structure YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 SEMESTER 2 Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits



4 4


Chemistry 4 4



BES104 Statistical Applications 4 4 BES204 Environmental

Microbiology 4 4



4 4

Total 20 Total 20

YEAR 2 Semester 3 Semester 4 Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits


4 4 BES401 Water & Waste Water Treatment 4 4


Management 4 4


BES304 Basics of Computers 4 4 BES404 Environmental

Biotechnology 4 4



4 4

Total 20 Total 20

YEAR 3 Semester 5 Semester 6 Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits Code Modules Hrs/Wk Credits







8 8 Viva-voce 2 2

Total 20 Total 20 *For Elective – I (One of the following paper) BES601a-Disaster management BES601b-Geoinformatic Science





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BBT601a- Agricultural Biotechnology (From B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology Programme) BBT601b- Medical Biotechnology (From B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology Programme) BMB601a- Biopesticides and Biofertilizers (From B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology Programme) BMB601b- Fermentation Technology (From B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology Programme) ** For Elective – II (One of the following paper) BES602a-Renewable Energy& Green Chemistry BES602b-Integratedwater resource management BBT602a- Industrial Biotechnology (From B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology Programme) BBT602b- Food Preservation and Adultration (From B.Sc (Hons.) in Biotechnology Programme) BMB602a- IPR, Bioethics and Biosafety (From B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology Programme) BMB602b- Vermiculture Technology (From B.Sc (Hons.) in Microbiology Programme) Summary of Number of Credits


I 20 II 20 III 20 IV 20 V 20 VI 20

Total 120





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SEMESTER I





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Module Name: Introduction to Environmental Sciences Module Code: BES101

A. Credits: 04 (Four)

B. Pre-required skills (If any): None

C. Teaching and Learning Strategies (Per Week or Session): 60 Hours

D. Student Progress and Assessment: 30% Continuous Assessment (1 Class test

+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To produce competent professionals with a strong foundation of Environmental Sciences To strengthen man power suitable for vital positions in the academia, To provide innovation education in Environmental Sciences to aspiring learners

F. Learning Outcomes

Understand core concepts and methods from ecological and physical sciences and their application in environmental problem-solving.

Appreciate key concepts from economic, political, and social analysis as they pertain to the design and evaluation of environmental policies and institutions.

G. Module Content

Unit-I: Definition, scope, interdisciplinary nature of environmental science, types, components of environment (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere). Concept of environmental education, history of environmental education and its goals, need, objectives. Awareness methods and people and environment. Unit-II: Definition of rocks and its types, The rock cycle. Soil formation process, soil types and its status, physical, chemical and biological characters of soil, soil profile and concept of soil erosion. Unit-III: Basic concepts, characteristics of population – density, natality, mortality, age-structure, dispersion and movement. Causes for population explosion, population growth and population regulation. Intraspecific and interspecific interactions among population–competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism. Unit-IV: Basic concepts of community, life form, stratification, methods of plant community analysis, Ecotone, edge effect, ecological niche, keystone species and ecological succession. Unit-V: Issues: Pollution, energy resources, biodiversity loss, hotspots, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, greenhouse effect and climate change. Concerns: Chipko movement, Biodiversity conservation, Project Tiger, Kyoto protocol and role of individual in conservation of resources.

H. References:





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1. Thomas M. Smith and Robert L. Smith (2012), Elements of Ecology (8th Edn), Pearson Benjamin Cummings,

2. George L Clarck (1956), Elements of Ecology, John Wiley & Son Inc. Newyork 3. Charles Krebs (2013), Ecology: Pearson New International Edition (6th Edin), 4. Michael Begon, Colin R. Townsend and John L. Harper (2006), Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems

(4th Edition), John Wiley & Sons, New Jerssy. 5. Eugene P. Odum and Gary W. Barrett (1953), Fundamentals of Ecology (5th edn), brooks/cole, US 6. Krebs, Charles J (2009), Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance (6th Edn),

Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company Muller-Dombols, D. an


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Module Name: Ecosystem Dynamics Module Code: BES102





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: To help the social groups and individuals to acquire knowledge of pollution and environmental

degradation. To help social groups and individuals to acquire a set of values for environmental protection.


Master core concepts and methods from ecological and physical sciences and their application in environmental problem solving.

Master core concepts and methods from economic, political, and social analysis as they pertain to the design and evaluation of environmental policies and institutions.

G. Module Content

Unit-I: Ecosystem: Basic concepts, structure of ecosystem, Abiotic and Biotic components, food chains and food webs, Trophic levels, Ecological pyramids Unit-II: Function of ecology- material and Energy flow in ecological systems, energy efficiencies, Concept ecological pathways, conservation of matter Unit-III: Significance of biogeochemical Cycles: gaseous and sedimentary cycles. Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Cycles, Hydrological cycles Unit-IV: Evolution and Succession: Concepts of succession, succession process- ‘r’ and ‘k’ hypothesis, Types of Succession. Clements' theory of succession, Climax and stability, seral community, Co-evolution and group selection, Forest succession Unit-V: Biomes and classification, Characteristics of major biomes-terrestrial fresh water and marine ecosystems, important terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of India, Major biomes of the world.

H. References: 1. W. S. C. Gurney, R. M. Nisbet (1998), Ecological Dynamics, oxford university press. in 2. Odum, E.P. (1983), Basic Ecology, Sanders, Philadelphia. 3. Robert Ricklefs (2001). The Ecology of Nature. Fifth Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company. 4. Singh K.P. and J.S. Singh (1992). Tropical Ecosystems: Ecology and Management. Wiley Eastern

Limited, Lucknow, India. 5. Singh, J.S. (ed.) 1993. Restoration of Degraded Land: Concepts and Strategies. Rastogi Publications,

Meerut.





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Module Name: Ecosystem Dynamics Module Code: BES102





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: To help the social groups and individuals to acquire knowledge of pollution and environmental

degradation. To help social groups and individuals to acquire a set of values for environmental protection.




G. Module Content

Unit-I: Ecosystem: Basic concepts, structure of ecosystem, Abiotic and Biotic components, food chains and food webs, Trophic levels, Ecological pyramids Unit-II: Function of ecology- material and Energy flow in ecological systems, energy efficiencies, Concept ecological pathways, conservation of matter Unit-III: Significance of biogeochemical Cycles: gaseous and sedimentary cycles. Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Cycles, Hydrological cycles Unit-IV: Evolution and Succession: Concepts of succession, succession process- ‘r’ and ‘k’ hypothesis, Types of Succession. Clements' theory of succession, Climax and stability, seral community, Co-evolution and group selection, Forest succession Unit-V: Biomes and classification, Characteristics of major biomes-terrestrial fresh water and marine ecosystems, important terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of India, Major biomes of the world.

H. References: 1. W. S. C. Gurney, R. M. Nisbet (1998), Ecological Dynamics, oxford university press. in 2. Odum, E.P. (1983), Basic Ecology, Sanders, Philadelphia. 3. Robert Ricklefs (2001). The Ecology of Nature. Fifth Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company. 4. Singh K.P. and J.S. Singh (1992). Tropical Ecosystems: Ecology and Management. Wiley Eastern

Limited, Lucknow, India. 5. Singh, J.S. (ed.) 1993. Restoration of Degraded Land: Concepts and Strategies. Rastogi Publications,

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6. Smith, R.L. (1996). Ecology and Field Biology, Harper Collins, New York. 7. Botkin, D.B. and Keller, E.A. 2000. Environment Science: Earth as a living planet. Third Edition. John

Wiley and Sons Inc.

Module Name: Components of Biodiversity & Conservation Module Code: BES103





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To help the social groups and individuals to acquire knowledge of pollution and environmental degradation.

To help social groups and individuals to acquire a set of values for environmental protection. F. Learning Outcomes:



G. Module Content:

Unit-I: Biodiversity: Basic concepts, importance and conservation need, Species diversity, Biological and phylogenetic species concept, speciation, natural longevity of species and optimum biodiversity, species extinction. Unit-II: General Characteristics, habitat and economic importance of microorganism-Chemoautotrophs, Bacteria, Blue-Green Algae, Yeasts, Fungi and Algae, Microbial toxins in environment, Microbial Diseases of man





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6. Smith, R.L. (1996). Ecology and Field Biology, Harper Collins, New York. 7. Botkin, D.B. and Keller, E.A. 2000. Environment Science: Earth as a living planet. Third Edition. John

Wiley and Sons Inc.

Module Name: Components of Biodiversity & Conservation Module Code: BES103





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To help the social groups and individuals to acquire knowledge of pollution and environmental degradation.

To help social groups and individuals to acquire a set of values for environmental protection. F. Learning Outcomes:



G. Module Content:

Unit-I: Biodiversity: Basic concepts, importance and conservation need, Species diversity, Biological and phylogenetic species concept, speciation, natural longevity of species and optimum biodiversity, species extinction. Unit-II: General Characteristics, habitat and economic importance of microorganism-Chemoautotrophs, Bacteria, Blue-Green Algae, Yeasts, Fungi and Algae, Microbial toxins in environment, Microbial Diseases of man





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Unit-III: Diversity of insects, nematodes, fishes, birds, reptile and other mammals, their role in environment and economic, food, fisheries, pollination and seed dispersal, importance of wild life, endangered species, Bryophytes and lichen, land habit in Bryophytes, role of bryophytes insoil building. Lichens as ecological indicators, Unit-IV: Global Biodiversity Conservation: Endemism and hotspots, The Critical Role of Hotspots, Biological diversity, Biological diversity and future climate, Factors for decline of biological diversity, Approaches for conservation of biological diversity, Protection of wild flora, fauna and natural habitats, Unit-V: Concept of threatened species, Threatened and endangered animals of India, Importance and conservation of tropical regions, wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs, Ex-situ and In-situ conservation, Wild life sanctuaries, National Parks and Biosphere Reserve, Biodiversity convention, Socio-cultural aspects of biodiversity, Biotechnological needs for biodiversity conservation, Traditional knowledge and biodiversity conservation.

H. References:

1. Chandel, K.P.S., Shukla, G. And Sharma, N. (1996). Biodiversity in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India Conservation and Utilization, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi.

2. Zachos, Frank E.; Habel, Jan Christian (2011) Biodiversity Hotspots, Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas, Springer

3. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (1986). The Useful Plants of India Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi.

4. Nair, M.N.B. et. al. (Eds.) (1998). Sustainable Management of Non-wood Forest Products. Faculty of Forestry, University Putra. Malaysia. 434 004 PM Serdong, Selangor, Malaysia.

5. Soule, M.E. (ed.) (1986). Conservation Biology





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Module Name: Statistical Applications

Module Code: BES201 A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: This course imparts the knowledge of basic statistical methods to solve problems Students are taught to operate various statistical software packages

F. Learning outcome:

By the end of the course, the students are able to appreciate the importance of statistics in research and prepares them for a career in research

G. Module Content

Unit-I: Definition and Application of Statistics, Qualitative Data, Quantitative Data, Frequency Distribution , Cumulative Frequency, Diagrammatical Representation Of Statistical Data(Bar, Pie),Graphical Representation of Frequency Distribution (Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Cumulative Frequency Curves ) . Unit-II: Measure of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean (Merits And Demerits), Measure of Dispersion: Range, Standard Deviation, Variance,( Merits And Demerits), Co-Efficient of Variation. Unit-III: Trial, event, sure event, random event, Sample space, Definition of probability, mutually exclusive events, Independent event, Law’s of Probability - simple problems, Normal probability curve. Unit-IV: Hypothesis, Types of Hypothesis, Level of Significance, Type I and Type II Error, Standard Error, Degrees of Freedom, Chi Square Test, Student’s t Test: One Sample t Test, Paired t Test. Unit-V: Definition, Types of Correlation, Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation, Simple Linear Regression, One Way ANOVA.

H. References: 1. Introductory biostatistics chap t. Le ISBN 0-471-41816-1 Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken,

New Jersey. 2. Fundamentals of Biostatistics S e v e n t h E d i t i o n Bernard Rosner ISBN-13: 978-0-538-73349-6, ©

2011, 2006 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning 3. Biostatistics A Methodology for the Health Sciences Second Edition GERALD VAN BELLE , LLOYD D.

FISHER, PATRICK J. HEAGERTY, THOMAS LUMLEY Copyright _ 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc 4. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics: S.C. Gupta And V. K. Kapoor 5. Fundamentals of Statistics: S.C. Gupta 6. Fundamentals of Biostatistics: Veer Bala Rastogi





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Module Name: Environmental Science Laboratory - I Module Code: BES105





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Module Content

1. Enumeration of soil bacteria 2. Study and documentation of different ecosystem 3. Enumeration of fungus from soil. 4. Study of Phytoplankton and Zooplanktons 5. Visit to in situ conservation sites 6. Visit to ex situ conservation sites 7. Demonstration of Endangered species 8. Vegetation analysis





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SEMESTER II





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Module Name: Natural Resources & Management





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To help social groups and individuals to acquire knowledge of the environment beyond the immediate environment including distant environment.

To provide social groups and individuals with an opportunity to be actively involved at all levels in environmental decision making.

F. Learning Outcomes:

It helps Environmental Science graduates to demonstrate the proficiency in quantitative skills and information management specific to their discipline areas.

Environmental Science graduates exhibit an understanding of their professional and ethical responsibilities, including respect for diversity.

G. Module Content:

Unit I: Basic concepts, role in human civilization, World energy scenario, Renewable and nonrenewable sources of energy. Non-Renewable Energy Resources: Fossil fuels and their reserves, Nuclear energy, types, uses and effects. Energy utilization and its effects on environment, Energy crisis Unit II: Renewable Energy Resources: Hydropower, Solar energy, geothermal, tidal and wind energy, Energy conservation: In agriculture and industrial sector, Energy plantation; Petro crops, Hydrogen as a future energy source, waste to energy concept, Sustainable use of energy resources, Biotechnological approach of Energy management- Biomass, biogas, bioethanol, bio-hydrogen, advantages Unit III: Biological resources: Types and uses of biological resources, Forest resources and conservation in India, Wild life conservation efforts in India, Project tiger, range management, soil and Mineral resources: mineral resources in India, types of soil, soil erosion. Soil conservation techniques. Types of land use, Land conservation strategies Unit IV: Water resources: Types and uses of water resources, Methods of enhancing fresh water supply, Watershed management & its importance, Sustainable management of water resources in agriculture, industry and urbanization, Remote sensing in resource management Unit V: Concept of sustainable development and management of natural resources, Environment awareness and education, major conservation effort of National Agency- MoFE and CPCB, introduction to major international agency – WWF, IUCN, CITES, ENVIS

H. References: 1. Chandel, K.P.S., Shukla, G. And Sharma, N. (1996). Biodiversity in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in

India Conservation and Utilization, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi.





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2. Zachos, Frank E.; Habel, Jan Christian (2011) Biodiversity Hotspots, Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas, Springer

3. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (1986). The Useful Plants of India Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi.

4. Nair, M.N.B. et. al. (Eds.) (1998). Sustainable Management of Non-wood Forest Products. Faculty of Forestry, University Putra. Malaysia. 434 004 PM Serdong, Selangor, Malaysia.

5. Soule, M.E. (ed.) (1986). Conservation Biology. The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sinaur Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.





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Module Name: Environmental Chemistry





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: To recognize the interconnectedness of multiple factors in environmental challenges To engage constructively with diverse forms of knowledge and experience


Intellectual Flexibility - Students will possess the intellectual flexibility necessary to view environmental questions from multiple perspectives, prepared to alter their understanding as they learn new ways of understanding.

Problem Solving - Students will solve problems systematically, creatively, and reflexively, ready to assemble knowledge and formulate strategy.

G. Module Content:

Unit-I: Concept and scope of Environmental Chemistry, Basic Chemistry: Chemical Thermodynamics: Gibb's energy; chemical potential; equilibrium of chemical reactions; Chemical Kinetics: Simple reaction mechanisms; order of chemical reactions; law of mass action. Unit-II: Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical composition of air: particles, ions and radicals in the atmosphere, Thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, CFC’s, Oxygen and Ozone chemistry, chemistry of air pollutants, photochemical smog. Unit-III: Water chemistry: properties of water, unusual physical properties, unusual solvent properties, changes in water properties by addition of solute, role of water in the environment, Acid base reactions, solubility of gases in water, The carbonate system, redox potential, Marine water systems. Unit-IV: Formation, constituents and properties of soils, adsorption of contaminants in soil: Adsorption isotherms, Buffering capacity, Cation exchange, pH measurement, acidity and alkalinity, Redox properties of soil. Unit-V: Principle, merits and demerits of the techniques: Calorimetric, Colorimetry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography, HPLC-MS, Ion Exchange Chromatography, and Polarography, XRF, XRD etc.,

H. References:

1. Environmental Chemistry: A. K. De 2. Environmental Chemistry: B.K. Sharma, and H. Kaur 3. Environmental Chemistry: S. E. Manahan 4. Environmental Chemistry: J. W. Moore and E. A. Moore 5. Environmental Chemistry - A global perspective: G. W. Vantoon & S. J. Duffy; Oxford university Press 6. Handbook of Environmental Health and Safety – principle and practices (Vol. II): H. Koren; Lewis

Publishers





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Module Name: Environmental Pollution





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

Evaluate and interpret various forms of evidence, including text, data, and other media about the environment

Work productively with those within and beyond the academy on interdisciplinary collaborative projects.

Communicate clearly and competently matters of environmental concern and understanding to a variety of audiences in appropriate forms


The Environmental Science graduates will be able to critically examine all sides of environmental issues and apply understanding from science, law, history, and policy to create informed opinions about how to interact with the environment both personally and socially.

The Environmental Science major will be able to understand probabilistic aspects of human interactions with the environment.

The Environmental Sciences major will be able to do independent research on human interactions with the environment

G. Module Content:

Unit –I: Air pollution: sources of air pollution, Primary and secondary air pollutants, Origin and effects of SOX, NOX, CO, CFC, Hydrocarbon, Photochemical smog, heavy metals, control of air pollution Unit –II: Soil pollution: Causes of soil pollution, Effects of soil pollution, Pesticides in soil environment and their effects, Biological magnification, mining and pollution Unit –III: Water pollution: sources and types of water pollution, Effects of water pollution on living organism, Eutrophication, A brief idea sources, effects and control measures of marine pollution, ground water pollution, thermal pollution Unit –IV: Climate change: Causes and effects, advanced techniques and methods in pollution control-particulate matter, POPs, NOX, CO, catalytic converter, scrubber, other advanced techniques Unit –V: Health and environment-Water borne diseases, respiratory hazardous, climate change and human health, Metal toxicity-Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, Radiation damage, Influences of meteorological factors on air quality, Types of ionizing radiations, Effect of UV radiations on physical and biological systems

H. References:

1. Singh J.S., Singh S.P. and Gupta S.R., 2006, Ecology Environment and Resource Conservation, Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi.





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2. Sodhi G.S. 2005, Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry : Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. 3. Khopkar, S.M. 1993 : Environmental Pollution Analysis, Wiley Eastern Limited New York 4. Rao M.N. and H.V.N. Rao, 1989 : Air Pollution, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi 5. Wild A., 1993: Soils and the Environment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 6. Tyler Miller Jr. G. 1990. Living in the Environment. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont California.





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Module Name: Environmental Microbiology





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: The students learn about water and waste water microbiology, air microbiology and their treatment

processes. The students will gain knowledge on environmental pollution and contamination


The student at the end of the course would have gained knowledge about microbial associations with diseases

G. Module Content

Unit-I: Water microbiology, algae, phytoplankton- eutrophication- water treatment- Primary, secondary and tertiary. Drinking water- Portability- MPN technique. Unit-II: Water borne Diseases: Viral (Jaundice); Bacterial (Cholera); Protozoan (Amoebic Desentry). Biological Indicators of water pollution. Unit-III: Waste water microbiology: Introduction, Sources of waste water (Domestic, Agricultural, industrial) Physico- chemical and biological characteristics of sewage. Unit-IV: Sewage treatment- Municipal sewage treatment- primary (Screening, Coagulation and Sedimenattion), secondary (Trickling filter, Activated sludge process, Oxidation pond) and tertiary (Reverse osmosis, Ion exchange method) , solid waste recycling (Anaerobiac Digestion process Biogas, Composting). Unit-V: Aero microbiology- aerosol, droplet nuclei, air pollution- sources (Microbiological); Intramural Aerobiology and Extra Mural Aerobiology, air quality analysis- air sampling devices (Gravity slide, Gravity Petri dish, Vertical cylinder Spore Trap, Liquid impingement, Solid impingemen, Rotorod Sampler, Anderson Sampler) .

H. References

1. Atlas R. M.and Bartha. R 1992, Microbial Ecology . Fundamental and application . Third edition Bengamin and Cummings.

2. Alexander A M 1987. Introduction to Soil Microbiology, 5th edition John Wiley and sons, 3. Alexander, A M 1974. Microbiology Ecology, Jhon Willy & Sons. 4. Mitchell R 1974, Introduction to Environmental Microbiology, Prentice Gall Inc., Englewood Cliffs. 5. Rangasamy, G and D J Bagyaraj, Agricultural microbiology, Asia Publishing House, New Delhi. 6. Rheinhermer , G. 1986 . Aquatic Microbiology , John Wiley and Sons , NY. 7. Grant. W. D. P . E. Long . 1981 Environmental Microbiology, Thomson Litho





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Module Name: Environmental Science Laboratory – II Module Code: BES205





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Module Content

1. Water and soil Analysis: pH, Electrical Conductivity 2. Analysis of Total Solids (TS, TDS) in the water. 3. Estimate the Turbidity in the water 4. Estimate the amount of Moisture Content in the soil sample 5. Estimate the amount of Organic Carbon in the soil sample 6. Conversion of oils into biodiesels: Saponification (Transesterifications of oils). 7. Oil characterization for biodiesels: Iodine value. 8. Proximate analysis of fuel. 9. Microbial analysis: Pure Culture techniques (Streak plate, Pour plate Method) 10. Microbial Staining techniques: Simple staining, Differential staining gram staining. 11. Identification and working of Renewable energy resources. 12. VIVA: CITES, UNEP, UNESCO, IUCN, Conventions related to environment and awareness 13. Isolation of Air borne microbes by Gravity Slide Method 14. Isolation of Air borne microbes by Gravity Petri dish Method 15. Standard Analysis of Water for detection of Coliforms- Determination of MPN 16. Determination of IMViC Reactions





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SEMESTER III





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Module Name: Environmental Monitoring Techniques





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims

To establish a base-line of exposure. To co-relate with a suspected source of contamination. To estimate the changes in levels of the pollutants in the environment. To know the nature and degree of pollution from various sources.

F. Learning outcomes: On completion of this course, the student shall learn:

Understand how to develop good procedures to ensure the quality of data obtained in monitoring exercises

Plan, carry out and interpret the results of a range of physical, ecological and biological monitoring exercises

Understand the complementary nature of physico-chemical analytical techniques and biological/ecological methodologies for monitoring pollution.

G. Module Content

Unit–I: Environment monitoring: Concept, aims, measurement and data collection on Meteorological parameters – solar radiation, temperature, Humidity, precipitation, wind direction and speed. Plume behaviour, wind rose – a brief idea, Sampling of gaseous and suspended particulate matter; basic considerations, devices and methods used: absorption, adsorption, condensation, sedimentation, filtration, Impingement, electrostatic precipitation, centrifugal methods Unit–II: Water quality monitoring: water quality parameters, Physical and chemicals characteristics of water: Colour, turbidity, odour and taste, total solids, conductivity, pH, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen demand, Bio indicators of environmental monitoring. Microbiological quality of water, Bio indicators of water quality, Vegetation monitoring – a brief idea. Unit –III: Sampling methods: Random and non random sampling – concepts of mean (Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean), mode, median, Standard deviation and Standard error t-test and Chi. Square test Unit –IV: Modeling in Environmental Science-Mathematical model, possible steps in modeling approach, limitation of models, Basic environmental techniques: Neutron Activation Analysis, Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, Colorimetery, Flame photometry, Chromatography (HPLC), Atomic absorption Spectrophotoscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy Unit –V: Computer application in ecology and environmental monitoring, Data tabulation of meteorological parameter, weather forecasting, EIA-Aims, objectives and methods. EIA case studies river valley, projects and thermal power plants.





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H. References:

1. Botkin, D.B and Keller E.A., 1982 : Environmental Studies : The earth as a living plant. Charles E. Merrill, Publishing Co. London.

2. Botkin, D.B and Keller E.A., 1995 : Environmental Science ; Earth as a Living Planet, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.

3. Manahan, S.E. 2000. Environmental Chemistry, Seventh Edition, Lewis Publishers, New York. 4. Singh J.S., Singh S.P. and Gupta S.R., 2006, Ecology Environment and Resource Conservation,

Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi. 5. Gupta S.P. 2005, Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi. Upadhaya A, Upadhaya K,

Nath N, 1993, Bio





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Module Name: Environmental Management





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: Understand environmental management system (EMS) definitions, concepts, and guidelines and

requirements of the ISO 14001 standard. Understand the stages of EMS implementation, learn best practice techniques, apply environmental-

management principles to achieve continual improvement in an organization. To provide a basic understanding of various tools and techniques such life cycle assessment,

environmental audits, evaluation of environmental performance for environmental decision-making. F. Learning outcomes: On completion of this course, the student shall learn:

Able to identify and review audit-related documentation, prepare checklists and audit process To evaluate the effectiveness of systematic EMS monitoring processes.

G. Module Content:

Unit –I: Principles of Environmental management, Environmental risk assessment-concept, Risk evaluation-hazard identification, exposure assessment, Hazard assessment, risk characterization, Public Perception of risk, Risk Communication Unit –II: Concept of environment and development, Trade and Environment, Complex Issue, World trade organization, Dispute at WTO, politics of Dispute Unit –III: Environmental Audit-concept, setting up an Audit programmer, typical Audit Process, typical Audit Process, carrying out audit, benefit and Environmental Audit programmer in India. Unit –IV: Environmental economics-concept, Economics of pollution control, cost effective analysis, concept of environmental accounting, National Account Statistics in India Unit-V: Environmental ethics, Environmental education- background, goal, objective, Environmental awareness, Role of NGO in Environmental Management

H. References:

1. Santra. S.C, Environmental Science, New central book agency, Kolkata, India 2. Atlas, R.M. and Bartha R., 1987: Microbial Ecology; Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd Ed. Readign

Mass, Addison Wesley. 3. Lim, D.V. 1989: Microbiology West Publishing Company, New York. 4. Morgen, M.D. Morgen J.M. and Wiersima J.H. 1993, Environmental Science : Managing Physical and

Biological Resources Wm C Brown Publishers London. 5. 5. Owen, O.S and Chiras D.D., 1992: Resource Conservation. An Ecoogical Approach. Macmillan

Publishing Company, New York.





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Module Name: Marine Biology





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

Understand the basic ecological concepts; Understand the processes that govern the interactions of organisms with the biotic and abiotic

components of their environment; Understand the relationship between people and the environment; Discuss types of interactions between organisms in communities.


Develop a knowledge of ecological characteristics and processes in a diversity of marine habitats Apply ecological principles in describing relationships between habitats and organisms in marine

environments Explain the factors that determine the distribution and abundance of individuals, populations and

communities of marine organisms G. Module Content

Unit-I: Introduction to Oceanography - history of oceanography- origin of oceans- bottom topography, abyssal hills-plains: submarine canyons- ocean trenches. Physical Properties of Seawater- density, viscosity, surface tension, conductivity and their relationship, temperature distribution in the sea-heat budget. Unit II: Introduction to marine chemistry- ocean as a chemical system - origin of sea salts properties of water molecules differences between fresh and seawater. Chemistry of seawater constituents- major and minor elements, trace elements their importance. Unit III: Sea as a biological environment- Plankton- classification based on size, mode of life and habitat. Phytoplankton and Zooplankton - methods of collection, estimation of standing crop-wet and dry weight estimation-plankton volume settling and displacement methods. Unit-IV: Phytoplankton and Zooplankton interrelationship microbial loop- red tide phenomenon- causes and effects. Seaweeds- Occurrence and distribution in India –and its economic importance.. Unit V: Ecology of coastal, shallow and deep sea microorganism - importance and their significance. Diversity of microorganism -and actinomycetes in the mangroves and coral environs

H. References

1. Grant Gross, M., 1993 Oceanography: A view of the earth (sixth edition). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey. 2. Thurman, Harold., 2001 Introduction to Oceanography, Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey 3. Pilson, M.E.Q., 1998. An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Sea Prentice Hall New Jersey.





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4. Millero F. J 2002. Chemical Oceanography CRC press. 5. Grasshoff, Klaus 1999. Methods of Sea water Analysis. Wiley VCH New York 6. Sumich, J. L., 1999. Introduction to the biology of Marine Life 7th Edition. The Mc Graw Hill Companies

Inc. 7. Nybakken, J. W 2001. Marine Biology an Ecological Approach 4th edition. Addison Wesley Edu. Pub. Inc 8. Peter McRoy, C. and G. Helferich





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Module Name: Basics of Computers





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

Introduce the fundamentals of computing devices and reinforce computer vocabulary, particularly with respect to personal use of computer hardware and software, the Internet, networking and mobile computing.

Provide hands-on use of Microsoft Office 2013 applications Word, Excel, Access and PowerPoint. Completion of the assignments will result in MS Office applications knowledge and skills.


Understand the fundamental hardware components that make up a computer’s hardware and the role of each of these components.

Understand the difference between an operating system and an application program, and what each is used for in a computer

G. Module Content:

Unit-I: Fundamentals of Computer, MS- Office, Operating System Unit-II: Basics of HTML, HTML 5, J- Query, Database Management System Unit-III: Basic Networking, VB- Visual Basics, Data Structure using C++ Unit-IV: Software Engineering, Asp.net, Computer Graphics. Unit-V: Training on SPSS Software

H. References:

1. Brain W. Kernighar and Dennis M. Ritchie, Prentice Hall of India 2. Rajib Mall, Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Prentice Hall of India 3. E. Balaguruswamy





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Module Name: Environmental Science Laboratory – III





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Module Content

1. Demonstration of EIA process. 2. Demonstrations of Environmental Audit process 3. Demonstrations of Risk analysis 4. Demonstration of Hazard identification 5. Estimation of Salinity. 6. Estimation of Dissolved Oxygen. 7. Identification of Phytoplankton- Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Blue green algae and 8. Identification of Zooplankton- Copepods, Hydromedusae, Pteropods, Chaetognatha, etc 9. Identification of locally available Seaweeds, Seagrasses and Mangrove plants





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SEMESTER IV





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Module Name: Water & Waste Water Treatment





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To educate the students on the principles and process designs of various treatment systems for water and wastewater.

Develop an understanding of the characteristics of water and wastewater that must be considered during design of a treatment plant.

Students will gain competency in the iterative process employed in design of treatment systems and the components comprising such systems, leading to the selection of specific process equipment items.

F. Learning outcomes: On completion of this course, the student shall learn: Understand

the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of waste water, the operation of wastewater treatment facilities, the use of treated wastewater for irrigation, specific requirements for the treatment and disposal of wastewater of tourism facilities, the disposal of wastewater effluents.

G. Module Content

Unit–I: Water resources, Water demand, total requirement of water for a town & city, per captia demand, factors affecting per capita water demand, factors affecting losses & wastes, variations in demand, design periods, population forecasting methods . Unit–II: Importance & necessity for planned water supply, Necessity for water treatment, Principles of water treatment, Characterization of water, Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters and their role in water treatment, Unit operations and unit processes, Different water treatment flow sheets. Unit–III: Physical Methods of purification of water – screening, aeration, sedimentation; Chemical Methods of water treatment – coagulation, flocculation, filtration – principle, mechanisms, types of filter; Biological Methods of water treatment – Disinfection – necessity, methods of disinfection, Chlorination, Water Quality Standards. Unit–IV: Types of wastewater, Wastewater Characteristics - Physicochemical and Biological Characteristic of Sewage; Wastewater flow rates and constituent loadings; Variation in wastewater generation, Physical and chemical treatment of wastewater – Screening, grit chamber, communitors, skimming, coagulation and primary settling tank





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Unit–V: Aerobic treatment of wastewater –Activated Sludge Process, trickling filters, oxidation ditch, oxidation pond; anaerobic treatment of wastewater – anaerobic digester, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor; sludge treatment – sludge dewatering, sludge drying beds, Guidelines for effluent discharge.

H. References:

1. Wastewater Engineering treatment disposal reuse - George Tchobanoglous and Metcalf & Eddy, Mc. Graw Hill Publication, Fourth edition.

2. Water Supply Engineering, Santosh Kumar Garg, Khanna Publishers, 28th Edition. 3. Sewage disposal and air pollution engineering - Santosh Kumar Garg, Khanna Publishers, 3rd Edition. 4. Water & wastewater treatment – Joanne Drinan, CRC press, 1st edition. 5. Water supply engineering – B.C Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun K Jain, Laxmi Publications,2nd

Edition. 6. Wastewater Treatment for Pollution Control by Soli J. Arceivala, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company,

New Delhi. 7. Water Supply & Sanitary Engineering by R. C. Rangwala and S. C. Rangwala, Charotal Publishing

House, Anand. 8. Environmental Chemistry: B. K. Sharma, Goel Publishing House, Meerut





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Module Name: Solid Waste Management





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To impart knowledge and skills in the collection, storage, transport, treatment, disposal and recycling options for solid wastes including the related engineering principles, design criteria, methods and equipment’s.


To be able to understand the implications of the production, resource management and environmental impact of solid waste management.

To be able to understand components of solid waste management infrastructure systems to minimize the above effects.

To be aware of the significance of recycling, reuse and reclamation of solid wastes. G. Module Content

Unit–I: Definition, sources and type of solid waste, composition, properties of solid wastes, waste analysis, 5Rs and environmental & health impacts of waste. Unit–II: Waste generation rates, per capita generation - global scenario, collection, waste handling and separation, storage, processing at the source, types of transfer stations, transport means, waste management and MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. Unit–III: Unit operations for separation and processing, size reduction, separation, density separation, fundamentals of thermal processing – combustion, pyrolysis, gasification. Unit–IV: Biological and chemical techniques for energy and other resource recovery. Composting, vermicomposting and incineration of solid wastes. Disposal in landfills - site selection, design, and operation of sanitary landfills, secure landfills & landfill, leachate & landfill gas management. Unit–V: Hazardous wastes: Definition, source and characteristics; management of medical and hospital wastes, radioactive wastes – classification, sources and disposal; e-waste and their management

H. References:

1. George Tchobanaglous, Hilary Theissen and Samuel A. Vigil, (1993), Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principles and Management Issues –, McGraw-Hill Science Engineering.

2. Bhide and Sundaresan (1983), Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries, Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre. New Delhi.

3. Peavy, H.S., Rowe, D.R., and Tchobanoglous, G., (1986), Environmental Engineering, McGraw Hill Publishing company, New York.

4. Sincero, A.P., and Sincero, G.A., (1999), Environmental Engineering – A Design Approach, Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.





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5. Sasikumar K and Krishna S. G., (2009), Solid Waste Management, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 6. CPHEEO (2000),”Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management”, Central Public Health and

Environmental Engineering Organisation, Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi.





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Module Name: Hydrology





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To impart the knowledge of hydrology that deals with the occurrence, distribution, movement and properties of water on the earth

To impart the knowledge of various irrigation techniques, requirements of the crops, To learn about distribution systems for canal irrigation, design of unlined and lined irrigation canals

design sediment problems associated with canal. F. Learning outcomes: On completion of this course, the student shall learn:

The hydrological cycle and the water balance Basic knowledge on hydrological processes in water balance studies. Basic knowledge of computation and measurements, and some knowledge on data sources and data

analysis. G. Module Content

Unit – I: Hydrology - Definition, scope & importance of hydrology, water resources; Global water availability-; India’s water availability; Hydrological cycle, impact of human on hydrological cycle, water budget, Hydrological data and hydrologic equation. Unit – II: Precipitation - Definition. Forms and types of precipitation. Measurement of rain fall, rain gauge density, graphical representation of rainfall; water losses; - evaporation - Definition, methods of measuring evaporation, soil evaporation, transpiration, infiltration – infiltration measurement, factors affecting, infiltration, Hydrometeorology. Unit – III: components of stream flow, catchment characteristics, classification of streams, estimation of runoff, factors affecting runoff, Unit hydrograph – definition & application, S – curve method, Flood – definition, causes, impacts and control. Unit –IV: Scope and importance of ground water hydrology. Water bearing geological formations; surface and ground water quality, Aquifer- Definition, Types of aquifer – confined & unconfined aquifer, properties of aquifer, Darcy’s Law. Unit – V: surface water pollution- causes, effects and control measures; eutrophication; ground water pollution- causes, effects and control measures, sea water intrusion; methods of recharge of ground water.

H. References:





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1. Subramanya K, (2008), Engineering Hydrology Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2. Jaya Rami Reddy, (1988) A Text Book of Hydrology,Laxmi Publications, New Delhi. 3. H.M. Raghunath, (1985), Hydrology-Principle analysis and design, Wiley Eastern Publication, New Delhi. 4. Ven Te Chow, Larry W. Mays, David R. Maidment, (1988), Hand Book of Hydrology, McGraw Hill. 5. R.K. Sharma and Sharma (1969), Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Oxford and IBH, New

Delhi. 6. Linsley, Kohler and Paulhus, (1949), Applied Hydrology. McGraw-hill, New York. 7. Todd D.K., (2006), Ground Water Hydrology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley India, New Delhi. 8. Tim Davie (2008), Fundamentals of Hydrology, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Franscis, London & New York.





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Module Name: Environmental Biotechnology





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: This course includes several topics pertaining with solutions to certain difficult environmental

problems such as gene-environment interaction, detection of pollutants, elimination and treatment of toxic wastes, development of environment friendly products and improved energy sources.

Application of biotechnology in environmental management, Concepts and strategies of Metagenomics and Biofuel production will be discussed with an emphasis to cleaner and sustainable environment.


Explain the importance of microbial diversity in environmental systems, processes and biotechnology as well as the importance of molecular approaches in environmental microbiology and biotechnology

Describe existing and emerging technologies that are important in the area of environmental biotechnology.

G. Module Content:

Unit – I: Biochemistry: Introduction, Lipids, sugars, polysaccharides, nucleotides, RNA, DNA, amino acids, proteins, hybrid biochemicals, hierarchy of cellular organisms. Unit – II: Multiple interacting microbial populations: Neutralism, mutualism, commensualism and amensalism. Classification of interaction between two species. Bioconcentration, bio/ geomagnification. Unit – III: Biotechnology: Introduction to microbial biotechnology, uses of enzymes and biomass production, isolation and purification of enzyme engineering, Sewage treatment using microbial systems, nitrogen fixing and pollutant degrading genes, biocontrol agents. Unit – IV: Uses of microbes: Isolating and culturing of microorganisms, production of organic compounds like, ethanol and acetone by microbial fermentation, production of enzymes by microorganism. Unit –V: Specific biotechnological applications to: Pollution control, restoration of degraded lands, free-cells and immobilized cell technology for wastewater treatment aerobic and anaerobic digestion, biogas from wastes. biotechniques for air pollution abatement and odour control.

H. References:

1. Biochemical Engineering and Fundamentals– Bailey and Ollis, (1990), McGraw Hill International Edition 2. A Textbook of Biotechnology– Dubey, R.C., S. Chand and Co., New Delhi. 3. Elements of Biotechnology – Gupta, P.K., (2000), Rastogi Publications, Meerut. 4. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science– Sawyer, C.N., Mc Carty, P.L., and Parkin, G.F.,

(2003),5th Edition, TMH Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill Co. Ltd.,New Delhi. 5. Environmental Molecular Biology, Paul. A, Rochelle, 2001.Horizon Press. 6. Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Nuzhat Ahmed, Fouad M. Qureshi and Obaid Y. Khan, 2006.

Horizon Press. 7. Waste water engineering - treatment, disposal and reuse, Metcalf and Eddy Inc., Tata McGraw Hill, New

Delhi.





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8. Environmental Chemistry, AK. De, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi. 9. Introduction to Biodeterioration, D.Allsopp and K.J. Seal, ELBS / Edward Arnold. 10. Bioremidation, Baaker, KH and Herson D.S., 1994. Mc.GrawHill Inc, NewYork





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Module Name: Environmental Science Laboratory - IV





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Module Content

1. Population forecasting methods 2. Percapita and water requirement calculation for a town / city 3. Water quality Analysis – chloride, alkalinity, nitrates sulphates, DO 4. Wastewater Analysis –COD, TOC, nitrates sulphates, phosphates 5. Lab model study of sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, filtration. 6. Rainfall measurement method – Recording and non recording 7. Rainfall intensity calculation. 8. Graphical representation of rainfall. 9. Estimation of runoff 10. Measuring evaporation losses.





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SEMESTER V





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Module Name: Climate Change & Sustainability





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To have a fundamental idea about the climate and weather patterns To identify the patterns of climatic change. Can development interest on sustainable management To understand the international treaties in climatic change and sustainability

F. Learning outcome: After the course, student can able to:

Demonstrate the aspects of climate and change in weather cycles Identify and interpret the various factors influencing the climate conditions. Demonstrate the indicators of climatic change. Explain sustainability and management of natural resources. Understand various international treaties and agreements.

G. Module Content

Unit I: Climate and Weather: Climate and Weather: Some Definitions, Earth's Climate Machine, Global Wind Systems -Trade Winds and the Hadley Cell, The Highs and Lows of the Westerlies, The Vital Importance of Monsoon Rains, Seasonal changes. Unit II: Clouds, Storms and Climate, Cloud Formation (Cumulus nimbus), Hurricanes and Global Warming, Global Ocean Circulation, Introduction to the Icelandic Whirlpool, Origin of the Indian Monsoon, El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Effects Unit III: Introduction -Climate in the Spotlight, The Earth's Natural Greenhouse Effect-General Overview, Radiative Balance, importance of Water. Greenhouse gases -Greenhouse Gases: An Overview, The Role of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Ozone, water vapour. Unit IV: Sustainability: Definition and Introduction, Un-sustainability, The System Dynamics Perspective, sustainability in various Civilizations, Energy Fundamentals, Renewable Resources, Non-renewable Resources. Unit V: International Agreements on climatic change and sustainability: UNFCCC, UNEP, IPCC, Kyoto Protocol, Sustainable Development Goal, REDD and REDD+.

H. Reference:

1. Climate change, Ian G. Enting, 2007 2. Climate change: differing views from various disciplines, Mike Hulme, 2009





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3. Climate change: dangers from greenhouse gases from fossil fuels, Heidi Cullen, 2010 4. Climate change: consequences of global warming, Tim Flannery, 2005 5. Climate change, Leonie Joubert, 2007

Module Name: Environmental Impact Assessment





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims


G. Module Content

Unit–I: Sustainable Development- Need For Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) – Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), EIA as an integral part of the planning process, EIA Capability And Limitations Unit–II: Methods of EIA – Check Lists – Matrices – Networks – Cost-Benefit Analysis Analysis of Alternatives Unit–III: Assessment of Impact on Land, Water, Air, Social & Cultural Activities and On Flora & Fauna Unit–IV: Plan for Mitigation Of Adverse Impact On Environment – Options For Mitigation Of Impact On Water, Air, Land And On Flora & Fauna, Post Project Monitoring Unit–V: Case Studies - EIA For Infrastructure Projects – Dams – Highways – Multi-Storey Buildings Water Supply And Drainage Projects – Waste Water Treatment Plants, STP.

H. References

1. John G. Rau and David C Hooten “Environmental Impact Analysis Handbook”, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1990.

2. “Environmental Assessment Source Book”, Vol. I, II & III. The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 1991. 3. Judith Petts, “Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment Vol. I & II”, Blackwell Science, 1999. 4. Canter, L.W., “Environmental Impact Assessment” McGraw Hill, New York, 1996. 5. R.R Bharathwal., “Environmental Impact Assessment”, New Age International Publishers, 2012.





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Module Name: Environmental Sciences Laboratory - IV





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims


G. Module Content

1. Field trip to MSW and biomedical waste management sites 2. Awareness studies on environmental disasters. 3. Physico-chemical analysis of solid wastes. 4. Estimation of sulphates from solid wastes. 5. Estimation of fluorides from solid wastes. 6. Waste Sampling techniques. 7. Case studies on best practices of solid waste management. 8. Visit to a solid waste processing unit. 9. Case studies on impact assessment: River valleys, mining projects. 10. General principles of environmental audit. 11. Case studies on environmental audit. 12. Comparative analysis of various mega building projects and its impact assessment. 13. Impact assessment of green belts. 14. Preparation of EIA report for Environmental Clearance (EC) 15. Preparation of checklists for EIA study





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Module Name: Project Work / Industrial Visit / Field Work





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims


G. Module Content





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SEMESTER VI





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Module Name: Disaster Management

Module Code: BES601A A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To differentiate between disaster and risk Wide information about natural and manmade disaster A view on role of individual, NGOs and institutional bodies during and after disaster.

F. Learning outcomes: After successful completion of course, student is able to:

Explain the relation between vulnerability and disaster and disaster prevention and mitigation. Identify various types of natural and manmade disasters. Gain understanding of disaster risk reduction approaches. Understand the role of individual, institutional, and other organizations in preparedness and mitigation

in a disastrous event.

G. Module Content:

Unit-I: Concepts and definitions of Disaster, Hazard, disaster management. Risk and vulnerability: Concept and analysis. Unit-II: Natural Disaster: Earth quakes, Tsunami, Landslides, Volcanoes, Flood and drought, Cyclone, Epidemics. Unit-III: Man-made Disaster: Fire, Industrial Pollution, Nuclear Disaster, Biological Disasters, Accidents (Air, Sea, Rail & Road), Structural failures. Unit-IV: Disaster Preparedness and Response: Disaster Preparedness, Disaster Preparedness Plan, Prediction, Early Warnings and Safety Measures of Disaster, Role of Information, Education, Communication and Training. Disaster Response-Disaster Response Plan Communication, Participation, and Activation of Emergency Preparedness Plan, Role of Government, International and NGO Bodies in Preparedness and response. Unit-V: Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Recovery: Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Damage Assessment, Post Disaster effects and Remedial Measures, Sanitation and Hygiene Education and Awareness, Long-term Counter Disaster Planning, Role of Educational Institute.

H. Reference:

1. Emergency Management, Jeffrey B. Bumgarner 2008 2. Disaster Management and Preparedness, Larry R. Collins 2000 3. Disaster Management, Anil K. Gupta et al. 2016 4. Disaster Management, Harsh K. Gupta 2003 5. Directory of Institutions and Resource Persons in Disaster Management, A. D. Kaushik, R. P. Sharma &

Megha Kohli 2014 6. Disaster Management, Vinod K. Sharma 2001 7. Disaster Management-Lessons Drawn and Strategies for future, Anil Sinha 2002


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8. Disaster management Act 2005, Government of India

Module Name: Geoinformatic Science Module Code: BES601B





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: To introduce the science and technologies involved in Geoinformatics. To explain the earth and mapping principles. To impart knowledge on traditional, conventional and advance surveying technologies. To apply Geoinformatics in field of environment conservation

F. Learning Outcomes: After completion student can be able to:

Understand and adopt to GIS software Handle the GIS tools in environmental conservation.

G. Module Content:

Unit I: Concepts of Remote Sensing, Physics of remote sensing, effects of atmosphere, Principle of scanner and CCD array, Spectral reflectance of earth’s surface features in different wavelength region of electromagnetic spectrum: spectral characteristics of surface features (rocks, soils, vegetations, water). Unit II: Space Imaging: Landsat, SPOT, IRS, NOAA, RADARSAT, INSAT satellites and their sensors, Orbital characteristics, Data products. Thermal remote sensing: Basic principles, characteristics of image and their uses. Applications of Remote Sensing in environmental monitoring: Land use mapping, forest survey in environment. Unit III: Microwave remote sensing: Basic definitions and principles, RADAR, SLAR, SAR; General characteristics, spectral resolution and interpretation. Digital Image Processing: Principles, Image Rectification, Image enhancement and Mosaicing.Image classification, Supervised, Unsupervised, Ground truth data and training set manipulation. Unit IV: Aerial Photography: Fundamentals of photogrammetry, aerial cameras, planning of aerial photography, principle of stereo photography, parallax and measurement of height & slope Elements of image interpretation, convergence and evidence, interpretation keys; Interpretation of photographs and images for environmental analysis Unit V: Geographical Information System (GIS): Basic principles, Raster and vector data, Map projection, Topology creation, Overlay analysis, Data structure and Digital cartography Global Positioning System (GPS): Basic principles, Applications to environmental studies


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+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%




G. Module Content:






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+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%




G. Module Content:






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H. References: 1. Basics of Remote Sensing & GIS (2005): Dr. S. kumar 2. Essentials of GPS (2004): N. K. Agarwal; Spatial Networks Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 3. Environmental Modelling with GIS and Remote Sensing (2002): Andrew K Skidmore, Taylor & Francis. 4. GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques (2009): Manishika Jain, Himansu Publications. 5. GIS A visual Approach (2nd Edition) (2001): Brus E Davis, Onword Press. 6. Arc Hydro – GIS for Water resources(2002) : David R Maidment, ESRI press. 7. Remote Sensing of the Environment – An earth resource perspective: J. R. Jensen; Pearson Education 8. Geographic Information Systems: Martin, Routledge 9. An Introduction to GIS: Heywood, Pearson 10. Remote S sensing in Land Evaluation: Yadav; Rajesh Pub


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Module Name: Agricultural Biotechnology

Module Code: BBT601A A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

This course teaches the students approaches to manipulate and improve plant yield, throws light on transgenic plants

They are introduced to the concept of utilizing plants for production of vaccines and production of biofertilizers


The students will be able to understand the relationship between science and society and will be able to give justification for biotechnological manipulation of plants for human use

G. Module Content:

Unit–I: Biotechnology in agriculture, growth and historical perspective of agricultural biotechnology. Agriculture biotechnology –Risks and applications. Unit-II: Transgenic plants resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Transgenic plants in crop improvement. Advantages and applications of transgenic plants. Unit-III: Transgenic plants in quality modifications–Starch, Oil, Protein, Golden Rice, Suppression of endogenous gene, Male sterilization. Unit-IV: Plants derived vaccines, flower modification and colour, targeting transgenic product to chloroplast and mitochondria. Unit-V: Biofertilizers, Importance of Biofertilizers in agriculture (Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Mycorrhiza, Actinorhiza) advantages and current status, vermiculture, composting, current practices and production of biofertilizers.

H. References:

1. Biotechnologyfundamental and application (4th edition)-S.S.Purohit. 2. Plant Biotechnology–B.D.Singh 3. Plants, Genes andagriculturebyMaartein, J.Christpeels, David E.Sdava. 4. Crop BiotechnologybyP.R.Yadav, Rajiv Tyagi. 5. Plant BiotechnologybyChawla.Gendel, 6. Steven M. et al(eds.) Agricultural Bioethics: Implications of Agricultural Biotechnology.





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Module Name: Agricultural Biotechnology

Module Code: BBT601A A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

This course teaches the students approaches to manipulate and improve plant yield, throws light on transgenic plants

They are introduced to the concept of utilizing plants for production of vaccines and production of biofertilizers


The students will be able to understand the relationship between science and society and will be able to give justification for biotechnological manipulation of plants for human use

G. Module Content:

Unit–I: Biotechnology in agriculture, growth and historical perspective of agricultural biotechnology. Agriculture biotechnology –Risks and applications. Unit-II: Transgenic plants resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Transgenic plants in crop improvement. Advantages and applications of transgenic plants. Unit-III: Transgenic plants in quality modifications–Starch, Oil, Protein, Golden Rice, Suppression of endogenous gene, Male sterilization. Unit-IV: Plants derived vaccines, flower modification and colour, targeting transgenic product to chloroplast and mitochondria. Unit-V: Biofertilizers, Importance of Biofertilizers in agriculture (Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Mycorrhiza, Actinorhiza) advantages and current status, vermiculture, composting, current practices and production of biofertilizers.

H. References:

1. Biotechnologyfundamental and application (4th edition)-S.S.Purohit. 2. Plant Biotechnology–B.D.Singh 3. Plants, Genes andagriculturebyMaartein, J.Christpeels, David E.Sdava. 4. Crop BiotechnologybyP.R.Yadav, Rajiv Tyagi. 5. Plant BiotechnologybyChawla.Gendel, 6. Steven M. et al(eds.) Agricultural Bioethics: Implications of Agricultural Biotechnology.





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BBT601B: MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

The students are introduced to the biological revolutions in this field. They are taught the role of biotechnology in the world wide market They learn about biosensors, vaccine production, monoclonal antibodies, nanotechnology and its

applications. F. Learning Outcomes:

The students will be able to demonstrate the use of biotechnology in solving various medical problems

G. Module Content

Unit-I: Tools of Medical Biotechnology–Biotechnological revolutions- Genomics, combinatorial chemistry, insight into basic biology-Areas of application, Diagnosis and prediction of disorders Limits and approaches. Unit-II: Role of biotechnology in healthcare .World-wide market and work in medical biotechnology. Vaccine production- New developments. Unit- III: Biosensors in clinical diagnosis, chiral technology, monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapy. Unit-IV: Recent developments in medical biotechnology–Pharming for human proteins and neutraceuticals. Tissue engineering and therapeutic cloning, Application of nanotechnology in biomedical sciences- Green nano substances. Unit-V: Gene delivery, Drug delivery. Nanotechnology in replacing defective cells.

H. References:

1. Fundamentals of medical biotechnology by Aparna Rajagopalan, Ukaaz publications. 2. Medical biotechnology by S.N. Jogd and, Himalaya publications. 3. Medical Microbiology-Mackie and McCartney





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Module Name: Biopesticides and Biofertilizers

Module Code: BMB601A A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

The aim of this course is to introduce the students to the role of biopesticides and biofertilizers in enhancing the fertility of soil

The students also learn about the large scale production of biofertilizers and biopesticides and their mechanism of action and application.

F. Learning outcomes:

By the end of the course, the student will be able to gain knowledge about their commercialization.

G. Module Outcome

Unit I Biofertilizers – Definition, kinds, microbes as biofertilizers, Symbioticassociates – Rhizobium taxonomy, Physiology, Host cell – Rhizobium interactions, inoculants and mass cultivation. Unit II Frankia woodland and Actinornizal nitrogen fixing plants and its host plants, characteristics, identification, cultural method and maintenance of Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Azolla and anabaena. Unit III Mycorrhiza - VAM association, types, occurrence, Collection, isolation and inoculum production. Unit IV Large scale production of biofertilizer, Organic farming Carrier materials, general outline of microbes as fertilizers, Rhizosphere effect microbial products influencing plant growth. Unit V Biopesticides – Definition, kinds and commerce of biopesticide, Bacillus thuringiensis, insect viruses and entomopathogenic fungi – its characteristics, physiology, mechanism of action and application.

H. Reference: 1. Subba Rao, N.S. 2000 Soil Microbiology. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.Ltd. 2. Verma A and Hock B. 1995. Mycorrhiza. 3. Yaacovokan, 1994 - Axospirillum, CBC press. 4. Wicklow, D.T. and B.E. Soderstrom. 1997, Environmental and microbial relationships. Springer.





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Elective Paper

Module Name: Fermentation Technology Module Code: BMB601B





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: The course aims to provide fundamental insights to exploit microbes for manufacturing of products

which have huge industrial significance. The course blends science and engineering with various biochemical processes to obtain products

such as food, chemicals, vaccines, medicine. F. Learning outcomes:

At the end of the course, the student will have a better appreciation for the role of microbes in industry using technology.

G. Module Content:

Unit-I: Introduction to fermentation technology, History of fermentation, fermentation processes, Biomass, enzymes and metabolites. Process components. Batch, continuous and fed-batch cultures. Fermenting media formulation: Carbon and nitrogen sources. Oxygen requirements and process optimization. Unit-II: Design and operation of Fermenters, Basic concepts for selection of a reactor, Packed bed reactor, Fluidized bed reactor, Trickle bed reactor, Bubble column reactor, Scale up of Bioreactor. Unit-III: Microbial culture selection for fermentation processes : Isolation, maintenance and development of microorganisms. Starter utilisation. Immobilization of biocatalysts: kinetics effects. Inactivation kinetics. Unit-IV: Biocatalysis in non-conventional media (biphasic; organic; ionic liquids; supercritical fluids). Unit-V: Down Stream processing. Recovery of particulate matter, product isolation, distillation, centrifugation, whole broth processing, filtration, aqueous two-phase separation, solvent extraction, chromatography and electrophoresis. Bioprocess economics. Bioproduct regulation. General fermentation economics.

H. References:

1. Biely, J.E. and Ollis D.F. Bio Chemical Engineering Fundamentals (1986) Megraw Hills. Rehm, H.J. and Reed G (ed), Biotechnology, Vol 1-2, Verlag chemie.

2. Stanbury, P.E. and Whitaker A., Principles of Fermentation Technology (1984) Pergamon Press. 3. Pirt, S.J. Principles of Microbial and Cell Cultivation. Blackwell Scientific Publication, London. 4. Moo-young M. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. 1-4 Pergamon Press Oxford.





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Module Name: Renewable Energy & Green Chemistry

Module Code: BES602A A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

To develop interest in the field of renewable energy sector, this is in need of the hour. To create firm foundation for those students who are interested to work on environmental friendly

renewable resources. This course helps to develop skill required in sustainable energy development and energy

management sectors. This course gives an exposure on latest techniques in the Renewable energy sectors. To familiarize with the concepts and principles of green chemistry To demonstrate the various green analytical methods.


Interpret the various renewable resources Have new ideas about renewable energy resources such as gasifier. Have idea about green chemistry and its application infield of environmental sciences.

G. Module Content:

Unit I: Solar Cell Fundamentals: Semiconductors, p-n Junction, Generation of Electron-Hole Pair by Photon Absorption, Photoconduction, Type of silicon solar cells: Single Crystal Silicon Solar Cell, Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell, Amorphous Solar Cell. Unit II: Basics in Biomass Study: Biomass- types and its advantages and drawbacks, Characteristics, Conversion Mechanisms, Fuel Assessment Studies, Biomethanation: Microbial systems, Phases in Biogas Production, Parameters Affecting Gas Production, Biogas Plants Designs, Biofuel: Ethanol and Methanol production from Cellulosic Biomass, Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Oil Seeds. Unit III: Gasification: Principles of Gasification, Pre-Treatment of Biomass, Chemistry of Gasification, Types of Gasifiers and Zones, Updraft Gasifier, Downdraft Gasifier, Open core Gasifier: Principles and Application, Concepts of Combustion, pyrolysis and cogeneration. Unit IV: Hydrogen Production: Electrolysis, Catalytic Methods, Thermo-chemical Methods, Fossil Fuel Methods, Solar Energy Method, Hydrogen Storage: Hydrogen Storage Methods Utilization of Hydrogen Gas, Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel, Hydrogen Transportation, Utilization of Hydrogen Gas. Unit V: Green Chemistry: Introduction, Principles of Green Chemistry, Goals of Green Chemistry, Limitations. Green analytical methods, Redox reagents, Green catalysts; Green nano-synthesis, Green polymer chemistry.

H. References:





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1. Renewable Energy Resources by John Twidell and Tony Weir, 2nd edition, Fspon & Co. 2. Non-Conventional Energy Sources. G.D. Ray, Khanna Publications. 3. Non-Conventional Energy Resources, B.H. Khan, The McGraw Hill Publications 4. T.B.Reed, Biomass Gasification-Principles and Technology, Noyce Data Corporation, 1981 5. Solar Energy, Fundamentals and Applications, Prakash Garg, Tata McGraw Hill. 6. J.A. Duffie and W.A. Beckmann, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley, London, 1991. 7. C.S. Solanki, Solar Photovoltaics: Fundamental, Technologies and Applications, Prentice Hall of India,

2011. 8. Ahluwalia, V.K. Kidwai, M.R. New Trends in Green Chemistry, Anamalaya Publishers, 2005 9. Asim K Das, Environmental Chemistry With Green Chemistry, Books and Allied (P) Ltd, 2013





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Module Name: Integrated Water Resource Management

Module Code: BES602B A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:


G. Module Content:

Unit – I: Water as a global issue: key challenges and needs – Definition of IWRM within the broader context of development – Complexity of the IWRM process – Examining the key elements of IWRM process. Unit – II: Economic view of water issues: economic characteristics of water good and services – Nonmarket monetary valuation methods – Water economic instruments, policy options for water conservation and sustainable use Case studies. Pricing: distinction between values and charges – Private sector involvement in water resources management: PPP objectives, PPP options, PPP processes, PPP experiences through case studies – Links between PPP and IWRM. Unit III: Links between water and human health: options to include water management interventions for health – Health protection and promotion in the context of IWRM – Health impact assessment of water resources development. Unit IV: Water for food production: blue‟ versus green‟ water debate – Virtual water trade for achieving global water security – Irrigation efficiencies, irrigation methods and current water pricing. Unit V: Basic notion of law and governance: principles of international and national law in the area of water management. Understanding UN law on non-navigable uses of international water courses – Development of IWRM in line with legal and regulatory framework.

H. References:

1. Grigg, Neil. S., “Integrated Water Resource Management”, Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. 2. Mollinga .P. etal “ Integrated Water Resources Management”, Water in South Asia Volume I, Sage

Publications, 2006 3. Technical Advisory Committee, Integrated Water Resources management, Technical Advisory Committee

Background Paper No: 4. Global water partnership, Stockholm, Sweden. 2002. 4. Technical Advisory Committee, Poverty Reduction and IWRM, Technical Advisory Committee

Background paper no: 8. Global water partnership, Stockholm, Sweden, 2003. 5. Global water partnership, Stockholm, Sweden, 2003. 7. Cech Thomas V., Principles of water resources:

history, development, management and policy. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York. 2003.





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BBT602B: INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY





+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: The course aims to provide fundamental insights to exploit microbes for manufacturing of products

which have huge industrial significance. The course blends science and engineering with various biochemical processes to obtain products

such as food, chemicals, vaccines, medicine F. Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the course, the student will have a better appreciation for the role of biotechnology in industry using microbes

G. Module Content:

Unit-I: Fermenter- batch and continuous fermenter, general design of a stirred tank fermenter, sterilization and maintenance of sterile conditions. Unit-II: Preparation of inoculums, Types of fermentation- solid state fermentation- tray and drum, and submerged fermentation-batch and fed batch, Media used for industrial fermentation. Unit-III: Microbial production and product recovery-Alcoholic beverage-wine and beer Production of vinegar from alcohol, production of vitamin-B12, production of organic acid-lactic acid and glutamate. Unit-IV:Fermented diary products-micro organisms involved in fermentation, yogurt, curds, sour cream, cheese paneer, pickles, idly, single cell protein. Unit-V: Starting an Enterprise: Enterpreneur, business idea, Management, Marketing, Financial Planning.

H. References:

1. Industrial Microbiology,Prescot and Dunn, 2. Biochemical EngineeringandBiotechnologyHandbook, Atkinson, Band Marituna, F., TheNaturePress,

MacmillanPubl. Ltd. 3. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals,Bailey&Olis.MGH. 4. 4.Text book of Biotechnology– Plant Biotechnologyand industrial biotechnologyby S.B. Sullia, G.

SivaKumarSwami, P.A. Sastry-United publishers





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Module Name: Protein Structure and Function

Module Code: BBT602B A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

It enables the students to appreciate structural and functional aspects of proteins. It also elaborates on the protein characterization methodology and studies of protein-drug and protein

interaction.

F. Learning Outcomes: At the end the student will gain thorough knowledge of fundamentals and applications involved in

protein chemistry. G. Module Content

Unit-I: Protein synthesis: Biological and recombinant protein synthesis. Peptide synthesis. Post-translational modifications.Protein chemistry: inclusive peptide sequencing and chemical modification of proteins. Unit-II: Biological protein degradation. Protein informatics: Databases for protein sequences, structure and function. Methods for protein informatics. Unit-III: Protein structure: Protein folding. Determination of the three-dimensional structure of proteins: X-ray crystallography , NMR spectroscopy, microscopy. Protein structure modeling and analysis using molecular graphics Protein structure-function relationships. Unit-IV: Functional genomics and proteomics: Directed evolution of proteins - Protein interactions: Protein ligand, protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. Unit-V: Kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of interactions, methods and interpretations. Examples of protein function and applications:a.Enzymes.b.Membrane proteins, receptors, c.Protein-protein interactions, signal transduction, d.Multiprotein complexes, viruses.

H. References:

1. Hiroaki Kitano (editor). Foundations of Systems Biology. MIT Press: 2001. ISBN 0-262-11266-3. 2. CP Fall, E Marland, J Wagner and JJ Tyson (Editors). "Computational Cell Biology." Springer Verlag:

2002 ISBN 0-387-95369-8. 3. G Bock and JA Goode (eds).In Silico" Simulation of Biological Processes, Novartis Foundation

Symposium 247. John Wiley & Sons: 2002. ISBN 0-47084480-9. 4. E Klipp, R Herwig, A Kowald, C Wierling, and H Lehrach. Systems Biology in Practice. Wiley-VCH: 2005.

ISBN 3-527-31078-9 . 5. L. Alberghina and H. Westerhoff (Editors) – Systems Biology: Definitions and Perspectives, Topics in

Current Genetics 13, Springer Verlag (2005), ISBN 9783540229681.





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6. Z. Szallasi, J. Stelling, and V.Periwal (eds.) System Modeling in Cellular Biology: From Concepts to Nuts and Bolts (Hardcover), MIT Press: 2006, ISBN 0-262-19548-8.

7. Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Programming with Visual Basic (2001)By yron S. Gottfried, Published by McGraw-Hill Professional.





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Module Name: Protein IPR, Bioethics and Biosafety

Module Code: BMB602A A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims:

This course is an introduction to the students on the ethical aspects of conducting research and safety aspects to be adhered in a research setting.

This course also introduces the students to effective management of available resources and footprint of research activities.

F. Learning outcomes:

At the end of the course, the student would have gained sufficient knowledge to act as a responsible scientist and environmentally conscious.

G. Module Content:

Unit-I: Introduction to Intellectual Property IPR - Definition - Types of IP: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright & Related Rights, Industrial Design, Traditional Knowledge, Geographical Indications, IP as a factor in R&D; IPs of relevance to Microbiology / Biotechnology and few Case Studies WTO - Definition - Functions - Forms of IPR Protection Definition of ethics and Bioethics, Ethics in Biotechnology(positive and negative effects with classical examples – Rice with Vitamin A, No-till Agriculture, cotton without insecticide, reduced need for fertilizer, biological pest control , slow ripening fruits and controlled ripening, fast growing trees and fishes. Unit-II: Awareness education on genetically engineered organism.-Transgene instability, gene flow, resistance/ tolerance of target organism, increase weedlessness, risks and uncertainity associated with Biotechnology. Unit-III: Containment levels and their impact on Environment- Containment- definition, types of containment, summary of recommended Biosafety levels for infectious agents, detail checklist– premises and lab equipment, Animal facilities, environment. Unit-IV: Gene technology laboratory. GLP and Bioethics- introduction, national Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), the GLP authority functions, Good Laboratory Practices- necessity, aspiration and responsibility. Unit-V: Ethics in clinical trials and Good Clinical Practices (GCP) – Definition of clinical trials and GCP, general information about clinical trials, need to conduct clinical trials, faces of clinical trials, institutional set ups for conducting clinical trials, ethics in clinical Biotechnology.

H. References:

1. Safety Assessment by Thomas, J.A., Fuch, R.L. (2002), Academic Press.





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2. Biological safety Principles and practices) by Fleming, D.A., Hunt, D.L., (2000). ASM Press. 3. Biotechnology - A comprehensive treatise. Legal economic and ethical dimensions VCH. Bioethics by Ben

Mepham, Oxford University Press, 2005. 4. Bioethics & Biosafety by R Rallapalli & Geetha Bali, APH Publication, 2007 5. Bioethics & Biosaftey By Sateesh Mk (2008), Ik Publishers 6. Biosafety And Bioethics Rajmohan Joshi Publishers





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Module Name: Vermicomposting Technology

Module Code: BMB602B A. Credits: 04 (Four)




+ Assignment)

70% Exam

Total 100%

E. Aims: This course teaches about earthworm biology and role of earthworm in soil in association with

microorganism. They also study the different earthworm species used in vermicompost production and importance of

vermicompost in organic farming. F. Learning outcome:

At the end of the course, the students will be able to use vermicomposting as a tool for solid waste management, organic farming and be able to set up small-scale industry.

G. Module Content:

Unit-I Soil biota -Earthworms -Ecological classification of earth worms as Epigeics-Introduction to earthworm biology -physical and chemical effects of earth worms on soils. Unit-II Role of earthworms in soil -classification of earthworms based on ecological strategies- Burrowing activity of earthworms- Drilospheres -Microorganisms and their relationship with earthworms. Unit-III Composting -anaerobic composting, aerobic composting, types of composting, vermicompost- earthworm species used in vermicompost production - endemic species, exotic species. Unit-IV Vermicompost -setting up vermicompost quality N, P, K, C, N, Microbial quality applications -vermiculture -vermiwash - role of vermicompost in organic farming - its quality and advantages over chemical inputs. Unit-V Earthworms in Bio-reclamation of soil. Problems in vermiculture units - remedial suggestions. Vermicomposting as a tool for solid waste management - a small scale industry.

H. References: 1. Brady, C.N, 1974 "The Nature and Properties of soils" Macmillan publishing Co. New York, London. 2. Edwards, C.A., and Bohlen, P.J., 1996. Biology and Ecology of Earthworms, Chapman and Hall, London

Ismail, S.A., 1997, Vermicology: The Biology Earth worm Orient Longman 3. Kale Radha,D 1998. Earthworm: Cinderella of organic farming. Prism Books Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore. 4. Satchell,J.E., 1983 Earthworm ecology: From Darwin to Agriculture. Chapman and Hall, London

StephensonJ., 1923. The fauna of British India -Oligo.

BSc (Hons) Environmental Sciences - JSS AHER Mauritius

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