BS10_1962

BRITISH STANDARD 10: 1%2 UDC 621.643.412:621.882

SPECIFICATION FOR

FLANGES AND BOLTING FOR PIPES, VALVES

AND FITTINGS

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI

Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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B S I BSalO b2 a 1b24bb7 0138807 3 v .

SPECIFICATION FOR

FLANGES AND BOLTING FOR PIPES, VALVES

AND FITTINGS

B.S. 10 : 1962 Incorporating amendments issued

January 1965 (PD 5413), April 1966 (PD 58231, November 1966 (PD 5949) and September 1970 (AMD 5 8 5 )

Obsolescence In view of the change to the metric system in the U.K., B.S. 1 O should now be regarded as obsolescent. It will be made obsolete in due course.

BRIT€SH STANDARDS INSTITUTION Incorporated by Royal Charter

2 PARK STREET, LONDON, WIA 2BS

Telex: 266933 Telephone: 01 -629 9OOO Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI


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B.S. IO : 19S2

TIUS BIUTISH STANDARD, having been approved by the Mechanical, Engineqing Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the authority of the General

’. puncl l on 17th w$.xf, 1962. . . . . .. . The Institution desires to call attention to the,fact that this British StAndard does not purpón tó.include all the necessary provisions of a contract.

In order- to keep abrëast .of progress in the industries concerned, British Standards are subject to periodical review. Suggestions for improvements will be recorded and in due course brought to the notice of the committees charged with the revision of the standards to which they refer.

- . .

A complete list of British Standards, numbering over 5000, indexed and cross-indexed for reference, together with an abstract of each standard, will be found in the Institution’s Yearbook.

This standard makes reference ‘to the following British Standards: BS.18. , Methods for tensile testing of metals. . B.S. 21. Pipe threads. B.S. 78. Cast iron spigot and socket pipes (vertically cast)

B.S. 84. Parallel screw threads of Whitworth form. B.S. 309. Whiteheart.malleable.. iron castings. R.S. 310. Blackheart malleable iron castings, BIS. 350.. Conversion factors and tables. - .

. .

and spigot and socket fittings: Part 1. Pipes.

” ’ B.S. 806. ‘Feirous pipes and piping installations for and in connection with land boilers.

B.S. 916. Black bolts, screws and nuts. B.S. 970. Wrought steels in the form of bars, billets, and

forgings, up to 6 in ruling section, for automobile and general engineering purposes. En series.

B.S. 1083. Precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts. B.S. 1211. Centrifugally cast (spun) iron pressure pipes for

water, gas and sewage. . B.S. 1306: Non-ferrous’pip& ánd’tubes for st&m &r+ik,’

Part 2. Seamless copper tu& for steam services.

. . . S ‘ . , . .

. ’ 2 . - . .

. . . . . . . : - . .. Copyright British Standards Institution

Provided by IHS under license with BSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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E S 1 B S * 1 0 62 W 3624667 0138807 7 m

B.S. 10 : 1962

B.S. 1400. Schedule of copper alloy ingots and copper and

B.S. 1452. Grey iron castings. B.S. 1501-6. Steels for use in the chemical, petroleum and

B.S. 1580. Unified screw threads. Farts 1 and 2. Diameters W

B.S. 1633. Steel for land boilers, receivers and other pressure

B.S. 1723. Brazing. R.S. 1724. Bronze welding by gas. B.S. 1768. Unified precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts

(UNC and UNF threads)"normal series. B.S. 1769. Unified black hexagon bolts, screws and. nuts

(UNC and UNF threadsbheavy series. B.S. 2035. Cast iron flanged pipes and flanged fittings. B.S. 2060. Copper alloy globe valves for general purposes. B.S. 2708. Unified black square and hexagon bolts, screws

and nuts (UNC and UNF threads)-normal series.

B.S. 2789. Iron castings with spheroidal or nodular graphite. B.S. 2856. Precise conversion of inch and metric sizes on

B.S. 3100. Steel castings for general engineering purposes. B.S. 3410. Metal washers for general engineering purposes. B.S. 3601. Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes: carbon

B.S. 3602. Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes: carbon

B.S. 3604. Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes: low

copper alloy castings.

allied industries.

in and larger.

vessels.

engineering drawings.

steel: ordinary duties.

steel: high duties.

and medium alloy.

The following B.S.I. references relate to the work on this standard Committee references MEE/ll, MEE/ll/l, MEE/ll/l/l/l and MEE/I1/2. Draft for comment A(MEE)lSl.

3

Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI


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B.S. 10 : 1962

CO-OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations:

Air Ministry *Admiralty

*Associated-Oflices Technical Commitfee . '

*Association of Consulting Engineers (Incorporated) Association of Mining Electrical & Mechanical Engineers British Chemical Plant Manufacturers'. Association .

'British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers' Association British Compressed Air Society

British Engineers' Association

British Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers' Association British Gear Manufacturers' Association

Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations British Railways, The British Transport Commission

*D.S.I.R.-National Engineering Laboratory *Electricity Council, the Generating Board and the Area Boards

*Engineering Equipment Users' Association

*British Iron and Steel- Federation

in England and Wales

Gas Council High Commission of India Institute of Marine Engineers Institute of Petroleum

*Institution of Civil Engineers 'Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers

*Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Automobile Division) Institution of Production Engineers Locomotive and Allied Manufacturers' Association of Great Britain Machine Tool Trades Association Ministry of Labour (Factory Inspectorate) Ministry of Power Ministry of Public Buildings and Works

*Ministry of Transport

*National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.) National Coal Board

Radio Industry Council War Omce The Government depaflments . and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together

entrusted with the preparation of this standard: with the following, were directly represented on the Committee

British Bolt. Nut, Screw and Rivet Federation British Valve Manufacturers' Association Copper Development Association Institute of Welding

National Association of Drop Forgers and Stampers Lloyd's Register of Shipping

North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders Oil Companies.Materials Association Water-tubc Boilermakers' Association Individual Manufacturers . .

4 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI


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B.S. 10 : 1962

CONTENTS Page

Cosperating organizations 4 Foreword 7

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. 8. A,

SPECIFICATION

scope Design temperature and pressure Designation Flange dimensions Flange materials Bolts and nuts Attachment of flanges Hydraulic testing of flange joints Low temperature flanges and bolting

9 10 10 10 11 13 14 15

24

TABLFB Application of bolts and stud-bolts 16 Materials, dimensions and finish of bolts, stud-bolts and nuts 16 & 17 Temperature-pressure ratings for carbon steel flanges 18 Temperature pressure ratings for alloy steel flanges 18 Temperaturepressure ratings for grey cast iron and malleable cast iron flanges 20 Temperaturepressure ratings for copper alloy flanges 22 Flange materials-steel 24 Bolting-steel 25 Dimensions of plain, boss, integrally cast

or forged flanges 26 . 7 30 D

Dimensions of plain, boss, integrally 34

cast or forged and welding neck flanges 42 38

44 46

Dimensions of plain, integrally cast or 48 forged, and welding neck flanges 50

T. 52



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B,S. 10 : 1962

HGURES

l. Shapxl stud-bolt Page

54 2a. Application diagram for bolts and stud-

bolts. Carbon steel flanges 55 2b. Application diagram for bolts and stud-

bolts. Alloy steel flanges 56 3. Steel or copper alloy plain flange 57 4. Steel boss flange 57 5. Integrally forged or cast steel flange for

valves only. 58 - 6. Steel welding neck flange (Tables D to T) 59 7. Integrally cast iron flanges (Tables F

and H) 60

APPENDIX

Information to be supplied by the purchaser 61



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B.S. 10 : 1962

BRITISH STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR

FLANGES ÄND BOLTING FOR PIPES, VALVES AND FITTINGS

FOREWORD

This revised standard has been prepared under the authority of the Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee and supersedes B.S. 10, Part 1, 1947; B.S. 10, Part 2, 1926; B.S. 10, Part 3, 1929; B.S. 10, Part 4, 1931 and B.S. 10, Part 5i 1932.

The number of tables has been reduced by the omission of Tables B, C, L, M and P included in the previous edition. The increase in pressure ratings at lower temperatures for Tables D and E has made Tables B and C redunciant; Tables L, M and P have found little application.

Additions have been made to the standard to conform to the requirements of current practice. The size ranges for Tables D, E, K, R and T have been extended, Thicknesses for cast iron flanges have been added to Table H. Dimensional requirements for steel boss type flanges have been included in Tables A, D, E, F, H and J. Dimensions for welding neck flanges have also been included for all tables except Table A.

Some of the sizes of flanges specified in the previous edition of B.S. 10 have been deleted and other sizes have been introduced in this revised standard. The dimensions of flanges to Table A, Sizes 54 in, 60 in, 66 in, and 72 in, have been completely revised to meet the requirements of the principal users.

Pressure ratings for each table of flanges have been calculated to enable values to be scheduled for a number of temperatures, from 0°F (-17*0""C) upwards, superseding the ratings given in Clause 8, Part 5 of B.S. 10, 1932. Pressure ratings for flanges of carbon steel and cast iron have been increased at the lower temperatures; for flanges of copper alloy the temperature-p- lessure ratings are based on B.S. 20M* and flange thicknesses for certain sizes have been reduced in agreement with current practice. The pressures referred to in this standard are gauge pressures.

It should be noted that, apart from cast iron flanges, the hydraulic teat pressure applied to a flange joint is limited to one-and-a-half f i m s the highest rated pressure of the flange (see Clause 8).

Flange materials for all tables are now specified and this standard has been extended to cover flanges of certain alloy steels.

B.S. 2060. ' Copper alloy globe valves for general purposes '



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B.S. 10 : 1962

Review of tables. B.S. 10 flanges have been in use since 1904 and have been developed continuously to meet increasing pressure and temperature requirements, At the time of this revision, flange joints with carbon steel pipe flanges for high temperatures and pressures to the British Standard tables have been in s e r v i c e throughout the world for periods equal to the economic life of primary plant. The trend towards the use of ever higher temperatures in thermal cycles, together with the need to conserve resources, necessitated a revision of design theory. Research into the design of flange joints under the auspices of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers made it possible to calculate the effects of high temperatures. The results of this research have been applied in this revision of B.S. 10.

Experience has indicated that where temperatures of 800°F (427OC) and higher have to be withstood, an estimate of the effect of creep becomes essential so that the condition of a joint at any given time, after initial tightening, can be predicted. This has been made possible by methods of analysis developed for application to the British Standard type of flange, and examination of the resulting proportions of these flanges has shown that a complete rationalization of the tables can be obtained by an increase in the thickness of the flange in certain sizes. Apart from Table A sizes 54 to 72 inch, the other basic dimensions, ¡.e., the Hange diameter, bolt circle diameter and the number and sizes of the bolts have not been altered except in the case of Table E where the bolt diameter has been increased from L inch to 1 ?4 inch for the 24 inch size flange.

The type of steel flange for which calculations have been made is essentially a flat annular ring, homogeneous with the pipe, having a raised jointing face of prescribed diameter and with the gasket substantially covering the full area of the jointing face. The thicknesses of boss and welding neck flanges and of integral flanges - cast or forged - on valves, have not yet been evaluated theoreti- cally. As an interim measure the thicknesses for boss and welding neck flanges are the same as for plain flanges and the existing thicknesses of integral flanges on valves, which have been used for many years, are given in the tables.

Development of analysis. It has been established that the critical stress in a steel plain flange is the circumferential stress.

l n calculating the external loads on the flange allowance has been made for the effect of the adjacent pipe which is usually subjected to plastic deformation,

At temperatures where no creep occurs elastic conditions prevail in the flange plate throughout the lifetime of the joint and the elastic theory has been used for these conditions,

Where temperatures are such as to produce creep arld consequently plastic conditions in all parts of the joint the initial stresses relax and the stress distribution is changing throughout its lifetime. In this 'case the criterion for tightness of the joint has to be satisfied under initial tightening conditions (cold), under operating conditions at the end of its life aód atall intermediate times. i



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B.S. 10 : 1962

To solve completely the problems set by these requirements, the relaxed stresses in the component parts of the joint in service should be known. For carbon steel these stresses were obtained from tests on 8 in bore-able T flanges; for alloy steel they have been derived from existing designs which have been proved to be reliable in service over many years.

As far as present knowledge of creep and relaxation properties allows, the temperatura applicable at corresponding pressures (Temperatwe-pressure applicability) for steel flanges have been ascertained on the basis of ensuring a tight joint for a period of 1 0 0 O00 hours of continuous service under stable conditions without retightening. NOTE 1. When metric equivalents of the pipe dimensions in this standard are required, reference should be made to the corresponding values in IS0 recommendations R64* and R65t as appropriate. When it is required to convert the figures in this standard from British units into meiric units it is recommended that the conversion factors and the table of conversion contained in B.S. 350, ' Conversion factors and tables ', be used. Attention -is als: drawn to B.S. 2856. ' Precise conversion of inch and metric sizes on engineering drawings . NOTE 2. In place of the customary, but incorrect, use of the pound as a unit of force, the unit called pound-force (abbreviation lbf) has been used in this standard. This is the force which, when acting on a body of mass one pound, gives it an acceleration equal to that of standard gravify.

The unit called ton-force (abbreviation tonf) has also been used where appropriate. SPECTFICATION

1. This standard provides for a series of carbon steel, alloy steel, cast iron and copper alloy flanges, and also appropriate bolts and nuts, for use with pipes, valves and fittings containing steam, oil, compressed air or water within the following ranges of temperature and pressure:

SCOPE

Temperature: - 328°F (- 20°C) up to and including 975°F (524°C) $e,,d

Pressure: Up to and including 2800 lbf/ina. (for low temperature applications refer to Clause 9). i%%

The use of flanges complying with this standard for temperatures below 0°F (--174°C) shall be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.

These flanges may also be used on pipes, valves and fittings carrying other fluids for which the same requirements for safety and joint tightness are appropriate.

The applicability relationship between temperature and pressure for the above materials is specified for each table of flanges in Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6.

The types of gasket, and gasket materials, and the surface finish of th0 jointing face are matters for agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. When a raised jointing face is specifled the outside diameter of the gasket should extend at least to the outside diameter of the raised face. For steel flanges when a raised jointing face is not specified, the gasket should be within the bolt holes.

IS0 R64, ' Steel tubes: outside diameters '. f IS0 R65, 'Steal fubes suitable for screwing in accordance with IS0 Recommendation R '.



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B.S. 10 : 1962

DESIGN TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

2. The design temperature and pressure shall be stated by the purchaser except where the flange table is specified. Where there is an appropriate application standard it is the responsibility of the purchaser to ensure that the design temperature and pressure stated comply with the requirements of that standard. The temperature-pressure ratings given in Tables 3 to 6 inclusive are design ternpmttzes and pressures. The pressure ratings, with the exception of those in the second column in Table 5 are applicable to installations subject to moderate shock such as may occur in an efficiently designed and operated boiler feed main. Where 8 system may be subject to more severe shock, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to make a suitable allowance when stating the design pressure or the flange table.

DESZGNATION

3. The flange sizes shall be designated by the nominal bores of their respective pipes as given in the first and last column of each table.

PLANCE DIMENSIONS

4. The dimensions of the flanges to this standard shall conform to those specified in the appropriate tables and Figs. 3,4, 5,6 and 7.

The thicknesses and diameters of flanges specified in this standard are minima except that the thickness ( T ) of cast iron flanges of pipes and fittings to

YEd B.S. 2035* and B.S, 78, part 1 T, shall be subject to limits of f (0-05T + 0.03) in. lPdi a. Raised jointing faces for steelflanges only. (see Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6).

(i) Tables A , D , E and F. Raised jointing faces are not specified because it is not customary to use them on these flanges, If a raised jointing face is required on a steel flange, the diameter shall be W in less than the diameter of the inscribed circle touching the bolt holes,

(ii) Tables H, J , und K. Raised jointing faces are specified in these tables and are recommended only for steel flanges.

(iii) Tables R, S und T. Raised jointing faces as specified in these tables shall be used. b, Flange thicknesses. (Figs. 3,4, 5 , 6 and'7).

The thickness (T) specified in the tables includes a raised jointing face having a height not exceeding f i s in. Where there is no raised face, T is the '

thickness of the flange. If the height of the raised jointing face is more than f i e in, the thickness (T)

shall be increased by an equivalent amount. * B.S. 2035, ' Cast iron Ranged pipes and flanged fittings '. t B.S. 78, ' Cast iron spigot and socket pipa (vertically cast) and spigot and socket fittings *. Part 1, ' Pipes *.



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B.S. 10 : 1962

The backs of integrally cast steel flangcs shall be machined. This machining may be either by spot-facing at the bolt holes or by back-facing at the option of the manufacturer (see Fig. 5). The backs of other flanges may be left un- machined at the option of the manufacturer unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.

After machining, the thickness of the flange shall not be less than the thickness specified.

c. Flange drilling. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser all bolt holes shall be drilled, shall be equally spaced on the bolt pitch circle diameter, and {B in the case of integral flanges the bolt holes shall be drilled off centres.

For .% inch and 96 inch bolts, the diameters of the holes shall be %e inch larger than the diameters of the b o l t s , except that for cast iron flanges with % inch bolts the holes may be 54 inch larger than the diameters of the bolts. For % inch bolts and larger, the diameter of the holes shall not be more than

inch larger than the diameters of the bolts in all cases. PLANGE MATERIAIS

5. Flanges shall be made of the following materials, as appropriate: (i) Steel flanges either forged, stamped or plate shall be made of materials $ired

complying with the minimum requirements of the following, Alternative A r.

materials may be used providing that the mechanical properties at operating temperature are not inferior to those given in the specifications referred to below.

ldkd

TEMPERATURE

0°F to 750°F inc. over 750°F to 900'F inc. - 17.8"C fo 399°C inc. over 399°C to 482°C inc. .

B.S. 1501-151 Grade UA* I B.S. 1501-151 Grade 23B* inclusive . B.S. 1503-161 Grade A t I B.S. 1503-161 Grade B t

=- I ~

B.S. 1501-151 Grade 26A* ! B.S. 1501-151 Grade BR* inclusive B.S. 1503-161 Grade Bt i B.S. 1503-161 Grade Bt

(¡i) Steel of the following minimum requirements may be used for ff anges in Tables A to H inclusive for temperatures from 0°F (- 17.8"C) to 500°F (260°C).

Analysis: Carbon 0.26 per cent maximum Sulphur 0.06 per cent maximum Phosphorus 0.06 per cent maximum

B.S. 1591, ' Steels for fired and unfired pressure vessels. Plates '. t B.S. 1503. ' Steels for use in the chemical, petroleum and allied industries. Forgihgs ',



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B,S. 10 : 1962

Tensile strength: 22 tonf/in* minimum. Elongation: Percentage elongation on gauge length of 5-651/S0 not less

than 600 divided by the tensile strength (tonf/ins) of the test piece. B. Cast carbon steel to B.S. 592"Grade A, in B.S. 3100* or B.S. 1504-

c, F ~ r g d carbon-molybdenum steel to B.S. 1503-240, Grade At. d, Cast carbon-molybdenum steel to B.S. 1398 in B.S. 3100* or B.S. 1504-

e. Forged chromium molybdenum steel'to B.S. 1503-620t or B.S. 3604$,

161, Grade A.t.

Mt.

Cast chromium molybdenum steel to BS. 1504621t. $e,ed g. Grey cast iron having mechanical properties at least equivalent to the J m following (see Table 5): 1%J

TABLE 1 o to 250

- 17.8 to 121.1

A, D B.S. 1452, Grade 12 5 and E B.S. 2035 ( 1 .

_.

F and H B.S. 1452, Grade 12 5

i TEMPERATURF4

o to 375 up to 430

- 17.8 to 190.6 - 17.8 to 221

B.S. 1452, Grade 125 B.S. 1452, Grade 149

_.

3.S. 1452, Grade 128 B.S. 1452, Grade 149

B.S. 3100, ' Steel castings for general engineering purposes '. t B.S. 1501-6. ' Steels for use in the chemical, petroleum and allied industries '. $ B.S. 3604. ' Steel pipes for pressura purposes-low and medium alloy *. 8 B.S. 1452, ' Grey iron castings '. II B.S. 2035, ' Cast iron Banged pipes and flanged fittings'.



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B.S. 10 : 1962

h. Malleable cast iron to B.S. 3W* or B.S. 3101. j. Copper alloys having mechanical properties at least equivalent to those

spijìed in B.S. 1400-LG24, or B.S. 1400-LG3-C#. NOTE. Other grades of alloy steels, cast iron and copper alloys having aupcrior propertim are available for which. the temperature-pressure ratings havo not yet been evaluated. Spheroidal or nodular cast iron to B.S. 27896 may be used at temperatures not exceeding 650'F (343.3"C)

Flanges shall be free from laminations and surface defects. Where welding neck flanges are made from wrought steel the direction of the

fibres of the material in the neck shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flange.

If the purchaser requires certifkates of the process, chemical analysis of the specified-elements and physical properties of the materials, this shall be stated on th5 order.

When the purchaser requires the individual flange he has ordered to bc marked to identify the materials used, the system of marking to be employed shall be the subject of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

6. a. Application. Bolts, stud-bolts and nuts shall comply with the minimum requirements, corresponding to the various flange tables and temperature limits, specified in Table 1.

b. Dimensions, finish and materials. Hexagon headed bolts with hexagon nuts or stud-bolts with hexagon nuts shall be used, the dimensions and finish ,

of which shall comply with the requirements of Table 2. The materials -p ecified in Table 2 are typical and materials to other specifìcations, having similar or superior properti&, may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

Free cutting steel shall not be used for design temperatures exceeding 450°F (2322°C).

For design temperatu& up to and including 500°F (260°C) steels for bolts, stud-bolts and nuts shall contain not more than 0.060 per cent of sulphur or phosphorus and for design temperatures over 500°F (260°C) shall contain not more than 0.050 per cent of sulphur or phosphorus.

The minimum yield stresses specified for alloy steels apply to the material ficcred in the hardened and tempered condition. Jan..

Alloy steels shall have creep relaxation properties and impact properties adequate for the design temperature and shall be agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

B.S. 309, ' Whiteheart malleable iron castings *. t B.S. 310, ' Blackheart malleable iron castings '. 8 B.S. 2789. ' Iron castings with spheroidal or nodular graphite '.

BOLTS AND NUTS

1965

B.S. 1400, ' Schedule of copper alloy ingots and copper and copper alloy castings '.



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B.S. 10 : 1962

c. Nuts. Nuts may be made from steel to the same specification as that used for the bolts or stud-bolts to which they are fitted but, for design temperatures over 550°F (287-8"C), it is recommended that nuts should be made from a material having a lower tensile strength than that for the bolts, provided that it is suitable for the design temperature.

d, 5'#u&bolts. Stud-bolts for design temperatures not exceeding 750°F (399°C) shall be:

alterad A l (i) screwed each end and plain in centre.

!fi$ or (ii) screwed full length, For design temperatures above 750°F (399°C) and not exceeding 900°F

(482'C) stud-bolts shall be: (iii) screwed each end and shaped in accordance with Fig. 1,

or (iv) screwed full length. For design temperatures above 900°F (482'C):

(v) screwed each end and shaped in accordance with Fig, 1. e. Washers. Washers, where used, shall be of steel and shall be:

(i) For bolts or stud-bolts references I, II or III (see Table 2)-to B.S. 3410'.

or (ii) For bolts or stud-bolts references IV, V or VI (see Table 2)- to B.S. 3410, Part 1 *, except that for design temperatura above 900°F (482"C), the steel shall be to B.S. 970 En 2E, 3A or 4t, unless otherwise agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.

The use of washers may necessitate the partial removal of the radius or fillet at the back of the flange by spot-facing or back-facing. Washers shall not be fitted where this would result in the removal of the radius or fillet to an extent

. greater than that indicated in Fig. 5 for integrally cast or forged steel flanges. NOTE, For references III to VI inclusive (see Table 2) it is desirable to mark the nuts, bolts and stud-bolts to Identify the materials used. When the purchaser requircs this to be done, the system of marking to be employed should be the subject of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

ATFACHMENT OP PLANGES

7. u. The method of Securing flanges (other than integral flanges) to p i p and fittings supplied complete by manufacturers shall be in accordance with tho appropriate application standard. Where there is no appropriate application standard, the methods of attachment shall be the subject of agreement between * B.S. 3410, ' Metal washers for general engineering purposes '. t B.S. 970, ' Wrought ateek in the form of bars, billets and forgings, up to 6 in ruling section, for automobile and general enginesring purposes. En eedea '.



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B.S. 10 : 1962

the purchaser and the manufacturer, but the methods shown in the following British Standards should be regarded as minimum requirements:

B.S. 806. Ferrous p i p and piping installations for and in connection with

B.S. 1306. Part 1. Non-ferrous pipes and piping installations for and in

b. If flanges are to be supplied loose, they shall, unless otherwise speci6cally

Steel flanges:

land boilers.

connection with land boilers.

called for by the purchaser, be prepared for attachment to pipes as follows:

(i) Boss flanges, sizes 6 in and smaller -screwed in accordance with B.S. 21, ' Pipe threads '.

(ii) Boss flanges, sizes 7 in to 12 in machined in the bore to slip over the outside diameter of the pipe or fitting; suitable for welding.

(iii) Plain flanges % in thick and thicker - machined in the bore; suitable for welding-on to form one of the types in the appropriate application standard as required by the purchaser. The purchaser shall specify the type of preparation required.

(iv) Welding neck flanges - machined in the bore to a diameter to be specified by the purchaser, and suitably bevelled for welding to pipes or fittings.

Copper atloyflanges: Machined in the bore to slip over the outside diameter of the pipe or fitting; suitable for fusion welding (where applicable), bronze welding to B.S. 1724* or brazing to B.S. 1723.t

HYDRAULIC TESI'ING OF HANGE JOINTS

S. This standard does not specify the hydraulic test pressures for flanged pipes or components, details of which should be obtained from the appropriate standards which specify test pressures for pipes or components but in any W , the test pressure to be applied to the joint shall not ex& one-and-a-half times the highest rated pressures for steel and copper alloy flanges, and twice the highest rated pressures for cast iron flanges.

Where flanged assemblies are not covered by any standard specifying test pressures but incorporate flanges complying with this standard, or where any assembly is to be used for duties of a special nature, the test pressure shall be agreed between the purchaser and the manufaoturer.

B.S. 1724, * Brom welding by gas '. t B.S. 1723, Braring 'e



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

I I

I i

' I I I

-1

ì I I

!

I

-

I 3 16 Copyright British Standards Institution


--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

C

L O n-

82 5,

3

= 8 6- 1 0

>

17

= 8 6- 4 0

B.S. 10 : 1962



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

__ BSI BSXLO b2 l b 2 4 b b 7 0138824 3

B& 10 : 1962

TABLE 3. TEMPERATURE,- PRESSURE RATING! (See Clause;

l- T4IBu.c

-

A D E

P H J

K R S T

TEMPE1

PRESSURE

25* 100 95 85 200 185 170

300 280 255 500 465 430 700 650 600

F (232.2'C) may ho obtained by L

80 155

235 395 550

705 945

1 415 2200

ar intcrp

70 140

215 355 500

645 855

1 285 2000

TABLE

H J K

R S T

te values' above 45 ~~ -

ation. Intermedial *This rating applies to temperatures above 2SO'F (121.loC)-up to and ihcluding 450°F (232.2"C) and does not apply to flange s i m above 36 in.

in:

65 130

195 320 450

580 770

1 155 1800 -

TABLE 4. TEMPERATURE - PRESSURE RATINGI I _ . (See Clauses 5c

OC I 232.2 1 1 1 "17.8 to 260.0 287.8 315.6

500 470 445 415 700 660 620 585 900 850 800 750

1200 1135 1065 loo0 1800 1700 1600 1500 2800 2645 2490 2335

TEMPE

650 700 750 800

343.3 371.1 399 427

PRESSURE

3 9 0 3 6 0 3 3 5 3 0 5 5 4 5 5 0 5 4 6 5 4 3 0

.700 650 600 550 ,

9 3 5 8 6 5 8 0 0 7 3 5 1400 1300 1200 1100 2180 2020 1865 1710

Intermediate valuor may be obtained by Unear interpolation.



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

FOR CARBON STEEL FLANGES ia and 56)

750 800 825 m 87s 900

399 427 441 454 468 482

Jbf/in')

55 115

170 285 400

515 685

lau, 1600

t I

215 300

390 520 780

1210

180 255

325 435 655

1025

150 210

265 355 535 835

115 160

205 275 415 645

Industry to limit the use of Table pressures not exceeding 30 lbf/in'. I t is recommended that this to compressed au.

FOR ALLOY STEEL FLANGES 5d, 5e and Sf)

75 150 300

450 750

1050

1350 1800 2 700 4200

RATURE

82s 850 875 900 925 950 975

441 454 468 482 496 510 524

(lbf/in')

265 370 475

635 950

1480

250 350 450

600 900

1400

195 270 350

465 I 700 I

140 190 245

330 495 770

80 110 145

195 295 455

TABLE

A D E

F H J

K R. S T

hydraulic test TABLE

(lbf/in')

750 H 1 O50 J 1350 K

1800 R 2 700 S 4200 T

19



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

TABLE 5. TEMPERATURE - PRESSURE RATINGS FOR As GREY CAST IRON AND MALLEABLE CAST IRON FLANGES altered Jan 1963 -

TABLE

A*

D

E

F

H

(See Subclauses 5g and 5h)

TEMPERATURE

Oto250 Oto430 Oto 375 O to350 O to 300

-17.8 to -17.8 to -17.8 to -17.8 to -17.8 to 121*1 221 . 190.6 176.7 148.9 "

PRESSURE (Ibf/in*) .

100% 5

I

3005

I Boiler feed pipe installations, etc. 1 Steam

I

B.S. 806; limits the Ise of C.I. 190tt feed pipes to 200 Ibf/in)* I ~ ~~~

Maximum hydraulic

test pressure (Ibf/in*)

100

200

400

600

lo00 "

In sizes 27 in to 48 in inclusive, it is recommended that for cast iron valves, Table D flanges be specified instead of Table A. t This rating does not apply to flange sizes above 36 in. $ Flanges of material a3 defined in Clause 4 of B.S. 2035, ' Cast iron flanged pipes and flanged fittings' shall be used for these ratings only. 0 These ratings do not apply to boiler feed pipe installation or other water pipes, valves and fittings subject to shock. II It is customary in the Gas Industry to limit the use of Table A flanges to working gas- pressures not exceeding 30 lbf/in*. It is recommended that this limitation be also applied to compressed air. 7 B.S. 806, ' Ferrous pipes and piping installations for and in connection with land boilers '. * * This rating applies only up to and including the 12 in flange size. Above this size the pressure rating shall be reduced to 150 Ibf/ina. t t This is the maximum pressure allowable for cast iron at 430°F (221OC).

20



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI BS*l,O h2 m 1624bb9 0138827 7

B.S. 10 : 1962

TABLE 6a. TEMPERATURE-PRESSURE RATINGS* FOR COPPER ALLOY FLANGES SIZES % IN TO 3 IN (INCLUSIVE)

~~

Et

F

H

J

K -

(See Clause 51)

TEMPERATURE L

1 1 I I I I

C "17.8 148.9 176.7 204.4 232.2 260.0 to 121.1

I

130 1 100

195 I 150

330 1 250 -~

I I -I I

-Ï I- i "

_j i

-I t

I

~~

Maximum hydraulic

test pressure (lbf/in3)

75

150

300

450

750

825

1 050

Intermediate values may be obtained by linear interpolation, except for Table A. * The above ratings agree with those adopted in the revised edition of B.S. 2060, ' Copper alloy globe valves for general purposes ' where applicable. t The dimensions of Table A, D and E up to 3 in size are identical. 4 It is customary in the Gas Industry to limit the use of Table A flanges to working gas pressures not exceeding 30 Ibf/in*. It is recommended that this limitation be also applied to compressed air. §This rating applies to temperatures above 250°F (121.1"C) up to and including 450'F (232.2OC).

Previous page is blank



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI B S * L O h2 m l b 2 4 b b 7 0138828 O 9

B.S. 10 : 1962

TABLE 6b, TEMPERATUREPRESSURE RATINGS FOR COPPER ALLOY FLANGEB SIZES OVER 3 JN

(See Clause 5j)

"F 500 450 400 350 300 Oto250 . - ""- O C 260.0 232.2 204.4 176.7 148.9 -17.8 to 121.1

PRESSI.JRE-(lbf/ins) applying to the size range

Over 3 in to 8 in Over 3 in to 24 in

1 . I I 75 s t

6 5 5 0

120 loo

175 150

2 8 5 2 5 0

390 350

- "

"

"

"

"

A

D

E 135

195

320

- 265

375 P

H 600

J 550 I 525. 485

615 "-

700 I 670

825

1050 B

Intermediate valuca may bo obtained by linear interpolation, except for Table A. It is customary in tho Gas Industry to limit the use. of Table A flanges to working gas

pressures not e x d i n g 30 Ibf/in*. It is mmmended that this limitation be also applied to wmpressod air.

(232.2%). t This rating applies to temporaturw above 250.P (121-loC) up to and including 4WP

23



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

M W TEMPERATURE FLANGES AND BOLTING

%eed 9. This clause gives the minimum requirements for materials for flanges and $;; bolting for low temperature duty. Alternative materials may be used provided

that the mechanical properties at operating temperature are not inferior to those given in the specifications referred to below.

a. Steel flanges either plate, stamped, forged or cast and bolting material intended for use with pipes in accordance with B.S. 3603, ' Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes. Carbon and alloy steel: low temperature duties ', Pressure ratings for these low temperature flanges shall be as shown in Table 3, temperature range 0°C to 450°F (- 174°C to 232°C).

TABLE 7. FLANGE MATERIALS-STEEL

Flange table

A to J inclusive

K toT inclusive

i - 148°F to - 58°F inc.

TEMPERATURE

- 100°C to - 50°C inc.

Plates B.S, 1501-503 LTlOO*

Forgings B.S. 1503-503 LT100*

Castings B.S. 1504-5035

Plates B.S. 1501-503 LTlOO*

Forgings B.S. 1503-503 LTlOO*

Castings B.S. 1504-503t

over - 58°F to - 22°F inc.

over - 50°C to - 30°C inc.

B.S. 1501 -224 Grade 26A LT50

LT50*

Grade A t

B.S. 1503-161A

B.S. 1504-161

B.S. 1501-224 Grade 26A LT5O

LT50*

Grade A t

B.S. 3503-161B

B.S. 1504-161

over - 22°F to 0°F inc.

over - 30°C to - 17'8°C hc.

B.S. 1501-351 Grade 23A

Grade A

Grade A

B.S. 1503-161

B.S. 1504-151

B.S. 1501-161 Grade 26A

Grade B

Grade A

B.S. 1503-161

B.S. 1504-161

With B.S. 1510 supplementary requirements. t Specifications for castings subject to impact tests are not yet available. In the meantime the impact testing of castings shall be the subject of special agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI BSjKlO b2 M l b 2 4 b b 9 0138830 7 m B.S. 10 : 1962

TABLE 8. BOLTING-STEBL

Design Temperature

0°F to - 22°F - 17*8"C to - 30°C

- 22°F to - 58°F - 30°C to - 50°C

- 58°F to - 148°F - 50°C to - 100°C

Typical grade of bolting and marklng synrbol

Materials

BOLTS AND NUTS B.S. 1750* Part 3

STUD BOLTS B.S. 1750* Part 1 B7

NUTS B.S. 3750* Part 2 Grade 4

STUD BOLTS B.S. 1750* Parf 4 L7

B.S. 1769t Clause 2

B.S. 1506-621 Grade A LT50

B.S. 1506-240 - B.S. 1506-621 Grade A LTlOO

~~ ~

NUTS B.S. 1750* Part 4 Grade L4 B.S. 1506-240 LTlOO

NOTE 1. Unified heavy series nuts should not be used for valves with integrally cast or forged Ranges to Tables R, S and T as space does not permit their use (see Fig. 5) . For such applications noma1 series nuts to B.S. 2708, Table 5 or B.S. 1768, Table 2, should be used.

Unifìcd may be used. NOTE 2. By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer threads other th-

b. Copper alloy flanges to this standard may be used for temperatures down to - 328°F (- 200°C). Pressure ratings for these flanges shall be as shown in Table 6a or 6b, temperature range 0°F to 25O0F. 9 per cent aluminium bronze to B.S. 2032 is a suitable bolting material for the above low temperature range, but other copper alloys may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.

B.S. 1750, ' Bolting for the petroleum industry '. aeries '. B.S. 1769, ' Unified black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts (UNC and UNF threads) heavy



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B,S. 10 : 1962

TABLE A. DIMENSIONS OF PLAIN, BOS$

Flange size deti nation nom na1 bore

01 pipe) ( f

M in

W 1 1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4

5

6

7 8

9 10 12 13 14

15 16

,utnide diamete Approximate

of steel pipe'

H

r

"

Diameter or

B.oge

L

in 3% 4 4% 4% 5%

6 6% 7% 8 8%

10

11 12 13%

14% 16 18 19% 20%

21% 22%

No of bolt#

N

4 4 4 4 4

4 4 4 4 4

4 4

8 8

8 8 8 8 8

8 12

Diameter of

boltst

O

* ( H ) For availability of steel pipe sizes, refer to B.S. 3601, ' Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes: carbon steel, ordinary duties ' and B.S. 3602, 'Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes: carbon steel, high duties '. See B.S. 78. ' Cast iron spigot and socket pipes (vertically castlandspigot and socket fittings: Part 1. Pipes ', B S. 1211, * Centrifugally cast (spun) iron pressure pipes for kater, gas and sewage ', or B.S. 2035, ' Cast iron flanged pipes and Banged fittings ', for outside diameters of cast iron pipes. See B.S. 1306: Part 2, ' Seamless copper tubes for steam services ', for the sizes of copper pipes for use with copper alloy flanges up to 8 in bore.



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

I BSI BS*WLO h2 Lh2qhb9 0138832 2 I ’

Muimum diameter at root of

boU

E

ThteLneu of Enage

INTEGRALLY CAST OR FORGED FLANGES Tables 3, 5 and 6) doas of bou

(pis 410

Diameter nt s u d end of bou

B

in

1% 1%.

-

1x6

2%6

2%6

2‘%e 3% 4% 4 1 x 6 5%

6%

7%

8% 9%

10% 11% 13% - - - -

z t (O) For in and b/e in bolts, the diameters of the hotu, shall be Xe in larger than the

than the bolts. For cast iron flanges the diameters of Lhe bolt holu, may be 1/6 in. larger than bolts and for in bolts and sizes above, the diameters shall not be more than % in larger

the bolts of sizes b/e in and above. . II (H) it is recammended .that this size for steel pipes lhould bo avoidçd wherever posclible.

root of boss are not exceeded. 8 ( A , B and E ) Tapers are not specified but shall be such that the maximum diameters at

(T3 It is impracticable to .use thickness less than in excopt for bow-flangar or integral flanges.

27

B.S. 10 : 1962

in %

1 %

1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4

5 6

7 8

9 10 12 13 14

l5 alrered 16 Jan..

1965

A S



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI BS*:lrO b2 1 b Z q b b 9 0138833 4

B.S. 10 : 1962

17 in

18 19 20 21

22 23 24 26 27

29 30 33 35 36

39 42 45 48 54

60 66 72

in 18

u)

22

- -

- 24

26 28

30

34 36

-

- 40 43

49 55

61 67% 73%

-

~~

No. of bolb

N

12 12 12 12 12

12 12 12 16 16

20 20 20 24 24

24 28 28 28 32

32 32 36

in N N N N N 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

:1 i- l 1 1%

1% 1% 1%

TABLE A

D m n

Rasa

A

(H) For availability of stœ1 pìpe sizes, refer to B.S. 3601, ' Stœ1 pipes and tubes for pressure

purposcs: carbon stocl, high duties'. Sœ B.S. 78, 'Cast iron spigot and socket pipes purposes: carbon steel. ordinary duties ', and B.S. 3602, ' Stœ1 pipes and tubes for pressure

(vertically cast) and spigot and socket fittings: Part 1. Pipes *, B.S. 121 1, ' Centrifugally cast (spun) iron pressure pipes for water, gas and sewage ', or B.S. 2035, ' Cast iron flanged pipes and flanged fittings ', for outside diameters of cast iron pipes. See B.S. 1306: Part 2, Seam-

flanges up to 8 in bore. less copper tubes for steam services ', for the sizes of copper pipes for use with copper alloy



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

continued)

B.S. 10 : 1%2

O M of bar ?¡e. 4) r

in 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 26 27

29 30 33 35 36

39 42 45 48 54

the bolts. t (O) For in bolts and sizes above, the diameters shall not ba more than% in larger than

29



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI B S x L O h 2 L b 2 4 b h 7 0138835 8 M

B,S. 10 : 1962 TABLE D. DIMENSIONS OF PLAIN, BOSS, IN

Diamete

flange of

D

in 3% 4 4% 4% 5%

-

6 6% 7% 8

8%

10

11 12 .3%

.4w

.6 -8 .9% 10%

!l% 2% -

-

No, bolh of

N I_

4 4 4 4 4

4 4 4 4 4

8

8

8 8

8 8

L2 12 12.

12 12 -

T Il &red lm IMJ

mange liza

deslena- 1 tion r

(nominal r . bore of Pipe)

" "

in %

1 W

1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4 .

5 I

6 * I

7 1 8 1

9 I 10 I 1 12 1 13 1 J

14 2

. 15 : 2

( H ) For availability of steel pipe siza purgses: carbon steel, orfinary duties ' I

1 16 2 1

car n steel, high duties . Sm B.S. 78, spigot and socket fitting;: Part 1. Pipes',, water, gas and eawage , or B.S. 2035, diameter; of cast iron p,ipes. See B.S.,l for the s m s of copper plpos for use wft

# (02 For in and in bolts, the diamcten of the holes shall be Xe in larger than the bolts and

or A tn bolts and SIZCS above, the diameters shall be not more than l/g m lar er than the bolts. For cast iron flanges the diameters of the bolt holes may be 1/4 in larger than thefmolta of sim % in and above.

I

30

length Bom

A

)inmete at amal end of bow

B

Maxi- mom

diamete at root of h a n

E

ITEGRALLI 'or ratings sec Dimedousof neclu for cant iron (Pig. 7)

Diametc at Inre end o neck

C

S; refer to B.S. 3601, 'Steel ¡pes and tubes for pressure y d B.S. 3602, 'Steel pi es an8 tubes for pressura purposes:

Cast iron splgot ant! socket PIP= (vert~cally ca~t) and B.S. 121 1, ' Centdugally cast spun) iron pressure p~pes for 'i Cast iron flyp p~pcs and B an cd fittings', for outsi$e

306: Part 2, eamless copper tu%es for steam services , 1 copper alloy 0anges up to 8 m bora.



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

GED AND WELDING NECK FLANGES

i $ z z q

?P bwr

M

B.S. 10 : 1962

diameters, in accordanœ with H. For that the differenco botwem tho c o r m

It is rowmended that this sizo for stœ1 pipa should bo avoided wherever pocuibla at the maximm diameters at root of

and T,)'It is impracticable to use thicknas less than M in except for boss fl& or integral

P -ga. .

31

%Y bon of pfpr)

h M 94

1% 134

1

2 2% 3 334 4

5

6

7 8

9 10 12 '

13 14

15 16 -



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

1 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 27 29 30 33 35 36 39 42 45 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 96 108 120

-

Bolt diameter

elrele

P

-

No. bol&

Of

N

I Di

I

12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 20 20 20 U) 24 24 24 28 28 32 36 40 40 44 44 44 52 56 60 -

inmeter It large md of neclr

C

* (H) For availability of steel p i p sizes, refer to B.S. 3601 ' Steel pipes and tubes for pressura purposes: carbon steel, ordinary duties ' and B.S. 3602, 'Steel p~pes and tubes for pressure pur oses: carbon steel, high duties ', See B.S. 78, ' Cast ir?n spigot and socket ipes (ver- tia& -st) and spigot and socket fittings: Part 1. Pipes , B.S. 1211, ' Centri8gally est (spun) iron pressure pipes for water, gas and sewage ', or B.S. 2035, ' Cast iron flanged p ~ p m



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

r Di

I

"

lbidmaa of

i n 1 d - - - -

- - - - - -

copper tubes for steam services , for the s m of copper pipes for use wlth copper alloy and flanged fittings ', for outside $ameters ofcast iron pipes. S a B.S. 1306 : Part 2, ' Seamless ff anges up to 8 in bore.

tho bolts. t (O) For in b o l t s and s im above, the diameters shall be not more than in larger than

B.S. 10 : 1962

dl

"

33



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

in ?4 W

L 1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 12 13 14

Diametel

B l o t . of

D

in 3% 4 4% 4% 5%

6 6% 7% 8 8%

10 11 12 13%

14% . 16 18 19% 20% -

No. of bolh

N

4 4 4 4 4

4 4 4 8 8

8

8

8 8

12 12 12 E 12 -

B S I BS*kLO b 2 m 1624669 o l ~ 3 8 8 3 ~ m

TABLE E. DIMENSIONS OF PLAIN, BOSS, INTEGRALLY (For ratings see

P u p e s : carbon stal , or4inary duties ' and B.S. 3602, ' Steel p i r anjtubes for pressure purposes:

* . ( H ) For availability of stœ1 pipa sizes. refer to B.S. 3601, ' Stœ1 ¡pes and tubes for pressure car n 8lw1, high duties . Sea B.S. 74, 'Cast iron spigot an socket p i p (vertically cast) and spigot and socket fittings: Part 1. PI B.S. 121 1, ' Centrifugally cast spun) Ironpressure pipes for water. gas and -sewage *,.or BS; 2 E , ' Cast iron fly cd p~pes and d an cd fittrog8 ', for outsid: diameters of cast lrofi plpes. Sb0 B.S. 1306: Part 2, &amless copper tu& for steam services , for the slzw of copper pipes for use with copper alloy flanges up to 8 in bore. f (O&For % in and % in boltß, the diameters of the holes shall be x6 in larger thmi the bolts and

For Ca81 iron flanges the dfameten of the bolt holes may be In larger than thebolts of sizes % In or 4 In bolts and sim above, the diameters ehall be not more than '/g ln lar er than the bolt!.

and abova



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

7% (1 8%

T Ï

d

"

B.S., 10 : 1962

-

bom of PiPC)

in M W 1 1% 1%

2

3% 4

5

6

7 8

9 10 12 13 14

$ ( K ) The diameters tabulated apply to pipel with outside diameters in accordance with H. For pipeamdesi ated by their bop. dunension K shall be such hat the di8lerence between the com- pondmg dfktters K and H D mahtamed. .

. ll-(J3) It is re&mended.that this sizo for steel pipea should be avoided wherever possible. . .

boss are not e x d e d . 8 (A, B and-E) Ta en are not specified but l a l l be such that the maximum diameten at root of

(T, arid P,) It is impracticable to & thicknea leas than except for boss flanges or integral . .

35



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

TABLE E

";;"," Approx. outride

ofbow botr

diameter .tsmrll lkxI atroot tlrdof lu&

Muimum Dimeter Bolt Diameter

&meterol %:' ea &L .

PlPr)

, - H E : B A O N P D

in in

- - 74 16 20 19 N 16 25% 18

- - N 12 21% 24 18 17 - - 74 l2 2% 22% - 16

- - - 74 12 19% 21% 16 15 i n , in in in in in

20 - 27% 25% 16 N

~~~

- - -

26% 24 - -

21 n 22 - 30

24 - 1 16 28% 31 24 23

1 16 27%

27 28 35% 33% u) 1% - - 29 30 38% 35% 30

- - m 1% 39% 36% 20 1%

33 34 43 40 20 1% 35 36 45 42 24 - - 1% - 36 - 6% 43 24 1% 39 40 49% 24 1% 42 43 52% 49% 28 1% 45 - 55% 52% 28 1% 48 49 58% 55% 32 1% - - -

- - 29 - - 1 16 26%

- - - - - - - - - - 1% 16 29% 32%

- -

- - - - -

- - - - - - - - - -

purposes: carbon steel, ordmary dutm ' and B.S. 3602, ' Sfeel p~pes and tubes for pressure * (H) For availability of st+ pipe si?, refer to B.S. 3601, ' Sted pipes and tubes for pressure pur oses: carbon bteel, high dutm '. See B.S. 78, ' Cast iron spigot and socket p i p (vertically cast7 and spigot and socket fittin S: Part 1. Pi es B.S. 121 I , ' Centrifugally cast (spun) iron

Ittmgs , for outside diameters of cast iron pipes. Se& B.S. 13q6: Part 2, ' Seamless copper r F u r ? p~pes for water, gas anbsewag! ' or h . 2035, ' Cast iron flanged pipes and flanged

tubes for steam services ', for the sizes of copper pipes for use wlth copper alIoy flanges up to. I 8 in bore.

than the bolts. t (O) For in bolts and sizes above, the diameters shall be not more than % in larger

> 36



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

s. It Muwtu

kree end

- of neds

Q

J

in 17 -

- I

- I

- I

r

- - -

I - C - -

4 (K) The diameters tabulated apply to pipes with outside diameters in accordance with H. For pipes designated by their bores. dimension K shall be such that the difference between the corres-

. ponding.diameters K and H is maintained,

d

"

I

in 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24

27 29 30 33 35

36 39

37



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI BS*110 6 2 l b 2 4 b b 7 01138843 7 m

ES. 10 : 1962 T A B U F. DIMENSIONS OF PLAIN, BOSS, INTE( ALLY ngs see hnenslotu for CMt

ati I: "

m 1

"

-

No. boltl

of

N

T Appro%.

dlnmeter outside

of Steel PIPS+

H

Dinmeter at large end of neck

klaxhnon diameter

of boll at root

E

Bolt

dinmeter &ele

P

Dinmetel at small end of bou

B

length Bou

A

z

4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8

12

12 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 20 20 20 20 24 24 24 24 24 -

7 8 . 9

10 12 13 14 15 16 17- 18 19 I

20 21 ' : 22 23 : 24 (M For availability of steel pipa, sizes, refer to B.S. 3601, 'Steel ¡pes and tubes for pressure

carbon ateel, high duttes . Sea B.S. 7$ 'Cast iron splgot and socket plpes (vertically cast) and purposes: carbon steel,,or$nary dutles ' and B.S. 3602, 'Steel pipes anttubes for pressure purposes:

lpigot and socket fittine: Part 1. Pi S , B.S. 121 I, ' Centrifugally cast (spun) ironpresye pipes for

diameters of cast iron pipes. See B.S. 1306: Part 2, ' learnless copper tu%,, for steam scrv~ces , water, gas and sewage , or B.S. 2&, ' Cast iron flan ed p~pes and flan cd fittlngs , for outsid?

for the sizes of cop er pipes for use with copper allo flanges up to 8 in bore.

#or 4 In bolts and SIZM above, tho diameters shall be not more than '14 in lar er than the bolts. (O For % in an8% in bolts, the diameters of the Ko1e.s shall be in larger than the bolts and

For cast iron Banges the diametem of the bolt hola may be 34 in larger than the%oltr of r h % ia aud above.

38



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI BS*I,O b2 Lb24bb9 0138844 9 9

CAST Tables of n e e a

hn(Fu.7

Length of taper

*=

G

% M % % % % % W H H

O

l I 1

R FORGED. AND WELDING NECK FLANGES

ThidmeM of eMge

1 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

I ' 1%

1% 1%

- 1% 1%

' 1%

$.(K) The diameters tabulated apply to. pipa with outside diameten. in accordance with H. For

ponding diameters K and H is maintained. pipes dwlgnated by thelr bores, dlmenslon K shall be such that the difference between the COTTCS-

5 (A, E and E) Tapers aro not specified but shall be such that the maxlmum diameters at root of II ( H ) It is recommended that this size for steel pipes should be avoided .wherever possible.

boss are not exceeded. 1 (T,) It is impracticable to uso thickness lus than M in except for boss flanges or intogral Bmges.

B.S. 10 : 1962

ntze lesignation (nominal bore of pipe)

" - in

% %

1 1% 1% 2 2% 3 3% 4 5

6

7 8 9

10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

in 27 28

in

29 30 30 33 34 35 36

36 39 40 42 43 45 - 48 49

-

-

Bolt dheter

circle

P in 33% 36 37 40 42%

43% 47 50 53% 56% -

I - No. bolb Of

N

24 24 !?a 32 32

32 36 36 36 40 -

T TABU F I

I "

n Diameter at large end of neck

( H ) For availability of steel pipe sizes, refer to B.S. 3601, 'Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes: carbon steel, ordinary duties ' and B.S. 3602, ' Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes: carbon steel, high duties ', See B.S. 78, ' Cast iron spigot and socket pipes (vertically cast) an! spigot and socket fittings: Part 1. Pipes ' , BOS. 121 I , ' Centrifugally cast (spun) iron pressure pipes for water, gas and sewage ', or B.S. 2035, ' Cast iron flanged pipes and flanged fittings ', for outside diameters of cast Iron pipes. See B.S. 1306: Part 2, ' Seamless copper tubes for steam services ', for tho sizes of copper pipes for use with copper alloy flanges up to 8 in bore.



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

mn (pip. 7J of neck.

B S I B S * l O 6 2 m 3624b67 0338846 2 m

B.S. 10 : 1962

Dimemioar of ateel welding necka <pig. 6) -

1

"

Tbicknw of flange

I

in 27 29 30 33 35

36 39 42 45 48

t (O) For in and 6 /e in bolts, the diameters of the holes shall be in larger than the bolts and for % in bolts and sizes above, the diameters shall be not more than '/e in larger than the bolts. For cast iron flanges the diameters of the bolt holes may be 1/8 in larger than the bolts of sizes 5/e in and above.

41



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'. BSI BS*1O b2 Lb24bb7 0138847 4 W



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962 OR FORGED, AND WELDING NFiCK FLANGES

Ï Thicknem of flange

I

Diameter at large

-3. endof neck

* J

2% 3 3% 4 5

6

7 8 9

10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 l

r b/e in bolts, the c i sizes above, the d le diameters of th1 : Jiameters tabula! Id by their bores. I 3 K and H is main IS recommended tt nd f3Taoersaro nl

- I

If the holes shall be H e larger than the bolts and for in hall be not more than llg m larger than the bolts. For cast Iron S may be 114 in larger than the bolts of sizes % in and above.

apply to i es with outside diame!ers in accordance with H. For p i p s lension kPsEall be such that the difference between the correspondmg

~~~

neters S' oit hole

ne+ th18 size for steel pipcs should be avoided wherever possible. ipecified but shall be such that the maximum dlameten at root o f boss Copyright British Standards Institution


--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962 TABLE J. DIMENSIONS OF PLAIN, BOSS, INTEGRALLY

(For ratings see

ia % %

1 1% 1% 2 2% 3 3% 4 5

7 8 9

10 12 13 14 15 16 17

D h & r

h l @ of

D in

4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 8 8% 9

11

12

13% 14% 16 17 19% 20% 21% 22% 24 25% 26% 27% 29 30 31 32% 33%

, ordlnar of a t . 4

S, 1306: W ' and

wth cop

-

1 "

No. of

b o b

N

4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8

12

12 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 M) 20 20 M)

24 24 24 24 24

"

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

I I * (H) For availability pipe $?y, refer to B.S. 3601 'Stœ1 pipa and tubes for p r e ~ u r e purposes: carbon stwl y dutm B.S. 3602, ' Steel plpw and tuba for pressure purposes: carbon stœl, hiph dutí modlum alloy '. S œ B.

BS, 3604, ' Sttal pipa and tube for pressure purposes: low and

of copper pipes for uao Part 2, ' Seamlass coppr tubos for stcam sorv~cbs ', for tho sizts

'par alloy flanges up to 8 In bore. t (O) for h bolts, the diamotem of the holes shall bo f i e in larger than the Balm and for % in b o k and %M abow, tho diameters ahall be not mora than l/g ia largar than tho bplt~.

I

1% 146 .- I

of bor at mot

44



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B.S. 10 : 1962 CAST OR FORGED, AND WELDING NECK FLANGES

Tables 3, 4 and 6) Dimensions of steel welding neck.!

(Pie. 6) Ï Tbicknwa of flange

3% 4

4% 5% 6%

8% 9%

10% 11% 13% 15% 16% 17% - - - - - - - -

l - 1 (K) The diameters tabulated appfy to pipes with outside 1 designated by their bores, dimension K shall be such tha diameters K and H is maintained. II ( H ) It js recommended that this size for steel pipes should be avoided wherever possible.

boss are not exceeded. 5 ( A , E and E ) Tapers are not specitled but shall be such that the maximum diameters at root of

-

45

Irs I Tert

Ï

Plange sire

leoignation (nominal bore of Pipe)

in % %

1 1% 1% '

2 2% 3 3% 4 5

6

7 a 9

10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

. 24 - mce between the corresponding

1. For p i p



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B,S. 10 : 1962

in M 34

1 1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4

5 6 7 8 9

10 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 20 . 22

TABLE K. DIMENSIONS OF PLAIN INTEGRALLY CAST , ( F S d s z - D h t t r

or

D

in 4% 4% 5 5% 6

6% 7% 8 9 9%

11 12 13% 14% 16

17 19% 21% W4 23%

24% 25% 2% 31 34%

drde Bolt

dkmetsr

P

3% 3% 3% 3% 4%

5 5% 6% 7% 7%

9% 10% 11% 12% 14

15 17 19 20 21%

in

23% 25% 28 30% . .

No. or

bdb

N

4 4 4 4 4

8 8 8 8 8

12 12 12 12 16

16 16 16 16 20

20 U) 20 20 20

I v boLt

O

L

* (H) For availability of steel pipe sizes. ?fer to B.S. 3601, ' Stoel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes: carbon 91ee1, ordinary duties B.S. 3602, 'Sta1 pipes and tubes for pressure purposes: carbon steel, high duties' and B.S. 3604, ' S t a 1 p ~ p w and tubes for pmsure SCTVIC~S ', for the sues of copper pipes for uso with copper alloy flanm up to 8 m bon. purposes: low and, medlum alloy '. Sec B.S. 1306: Part 2, ' Seamless copper tubes for steam



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

OR FORGED, AND WELDING NECK FLANGES Tables 3, 4 and 6)

2% 3% 3% 3% 4%

4% 4% 4% 4%

-

B.S. 10 : 1962

in % %

1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4

5 6 7 8 9

10 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 20 22

1

3/4 in bolts and s i m above, the diameters shall be not more than l/g In larger than thebolts. t (O) For qg h bolts. the diameters of the holes shall be SS in larger than the bolts and for

$ (K) ?he diameters tabulatg apply t? pipe! with ouiside diameters in a p r d a n c c with H. For pipes deslgnatcd by theu bores, dlmenaton K shall be such that the dlffennca betwœn the conespondin8 diameters K and H is maintained. (1 (H) It is recommended that thia size for steel pipes should be avoided wherever posaibte.



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

~~

Approx.

diameter of outside

steel pipe*

H

TABLE R. DIMENSIONS OF PLAIN. INTEGRALLY (For ratings see

Diameter

Range of

D

in 4% 4%

5% 5

6

6% 7% 8 9 9%

11 12 13% 14% 16

17 20 21% 23 24

25% 26% 29 31% 35%

Bolt circle diameter

P

BSI B S X L O 6 2 m 362qbh9 0138853 T m

B.S. 10 : 1962

Flange size designation

(nominal bore of pipe)

in 1/2 54 1 1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4

5 6 7 8 9

10 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 20 22 I

PUrPOseS: carbon steel, ordinary du,ties , B.S. 3602, ' Steel pipes and tubes for pressure * (H) For availability of steel pipe sizes, re,fer to B.S. 3601, ' Steel pipes and tubes for pressure

PurPosec: carbon steel, high dut!es and B.S. 3604, ' Steel pipes and tubes for pressure PutPoses: low and medium alloy ,

ln bolts and sues above, the diameters shall be not more than l/e in larger than the bolts. t (P) For 5/s in bolts, the diameters of the holes shall be in larger than the bolts and for

No. of bolts

N

4 4 4 4

' 4

8 8 8 8 8

12 12 12 12 16

16 16 16 16 20

20 20 20 20 20

Dimensions of.oecks for integrally cast or forged

steel Raages (Pig. 5) (Valves only)

at large eni Diameter

of neck

C

in 1% 1% 1% 2% 2%

3 3% 4% 5% 5%

6% 8 9%

10% 11%

12% 15 16% 17% 18%

20 21 23 25 27%



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B S I BS*IO h2 W lb21.lbb9 0138859 I M

B.S. 10 : 1962

CAST OR FORGED, AND WELDING NECK FLANGES Tables 3 and 4)

Dimensions of sfeel welding nedu Bk. 6)

kt small end Diameter

of neckt

K

length Total

of neck

L

of taper Length

M

6/8 in

% % % %

% 1 %

1 1%

1% 1% 1% 2

2% 2%

2

3 3% 3%

- 3% 4 4 4%

Diameter of r a i s e d

face (See

Clause 4) Figa. 3, 5 & 6

F

-

U

U

”

Tbiekneu Of h g e

mugbt stee Cant or

integral

Qip. 3) or or plain

wldlog n e d 6)

except for valves)

TB

6% 7% 8% 9%

10%

12 14% 15% 16% 17%

- 20 22%

, 24% 26%

4 ( K ) The diameters tabulated apply \o pip.es with outside diameters in accordance with H.

the correspondmg diameters K and H IS mamtamed. For p~pes deslgnatefl by then bores, d.menyon.l shall be such that the difference between

U ( H ) It is recommended that this size for ateel p i p should be avoided wherever posible.

in W 34 1 1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4

5 6 7 8 9

10 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 20 22



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B.S. 10 : 1962

TABLE S. DIMENSIONS OF PLAIN, INTEGRALLY CAST OR

I 3 2% 1% 1% 3% 4

4% 5 1

8 9 10 11 12

13

15 16

14 .~ .

Aparox. outside

dhmeter of steel pipe'

H

I (H) For rvailabil

purposes: carbon purposes: carbon

t (O) The diametel purposes: low and

Dinmeter O f

Bange

D

atœ1 pipe ordinary

lum alloy high duc

Bolt circle dinmeter

P

es. refer to u,ties ', B2

and B3

No. of b0lU

N

4 4 4 4 4

8 8 8 8 8

8 12 12

12

12 16 16 16 16

16 20 20 20

S.3601 ' $604, 'SU M02, ' 81,

c e 1 pipes a1 pipes and pipes and

T" (For ratings see

I

tubes for pressure u b e for pressure ubes for pressure

e bolt holes ßhall be not more than W in larger than the bol@.



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B.S. 10 : 1962

FORGED, AND WELDING NECK FLANGES Tables 3 and 4)

TOW

of neck length

L

r Thiflms# of 0mse

in % % 1 1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4

4% 5 6

7

8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16

kor pipa dcsipated by their bom, dimension K shall be such that the difference betwm (K) The diameters tabulated apply to pipa with outaide diametem in accordance with H.

the correspondmg diameters K and H is maintained. . (tn It is recommended that th- s i m for steel pipa should be avoided wherever possible.



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B.S. 10 : 1962

TABLE T. DIMENSIONS OF PLAIN, INTEGRALLY CAST (For ratings see

-

in 36 94 1 1% 1%

2 2% 3 3% 4

4% 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13

Dimeter of

&nee

D

22% 24 i

!

No. of bolh

N

4 4 4 4 8

8 8 8 8 8

12 12 12 12 12

16 16 16 16 16

T

purposes: carbon steel, ordinary,duties , B.S. 3602, :Steel pipes and tubes for pressure (H) For availability of steel pipe s im, re,fer to B.S. 3601, ' Steel pipes and tubes for pressure

purposes: carbon steel, high dut!es' and B.S. 3604, Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposcc: low and medium alloy . t (O) The diamatem of the bolt holes shall be not more than l/g in larger than the bolts.



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI B S * 1 0 h2 m 1624669 0138858 9 m

B.S. 10 : 1962

OR FORGED, AND WELDING NECK FLANGES Tables 3 and 4)

Dlmemiom of ateel weId&r ncelu (Pie. a)

- Dimeter Diameter - at large end at amdl end of neck of neck$

kngth TOM

of neek

L

I Muneter of rated

M I F

in 2% 2% 3 3% 3%

4 4% 5 5% 6%

7 8% 9 9%

11%

a3 14 15 16% 17%

Thieknslrof&Iue T

in ?4 W 1 1% 1%

2

3

4

2%

3%

4% 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13

For p~pes designated by them bores, dlmenslon K shall be auch that the difference between ? (X) F e diameters tabulated apply t o pipeg with outside diameters in acyrdanca with H. the corresponding diameters K and H is maintained. II (H ) It is recommended that these sizcs for steel pipes should be avoided wherever poaaiblo.

53



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B.S. 10: 1962

Aa altered Jan 1%j - /4 m min, I

IlU I

min, Length over flanges including

washers (where fitted)snd gasket

The shapa show is typical p l y . It#is.im ortantathat tho lengh E should be as short as practtcable wlthln tte requtrements spectfied.

The shape of the run-out of the thread shall be smooth and free from sharp corner(^.

Fig. 1. Shaped stud-bolt (See Clause ad)



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B.S. 10 : 1962



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B S I BS*LO b2 Lb24bb9 01388bL 9 m.

B.S. 10 : 1962

Fig. 2b. Application diagram for bolts and stud-bolts: Alloy s t e e l flanges



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sea clauas 4. NOTE. Refer to B.S.

++"* I

t-t r ; 806 for weld preparations for steel flaw

Fig. 3. Steel or copper alloy plain flaagc

B.S. 10 : 1962

Ws. !

See Clause4. RADIUS R

Flange sizes I/, in to 3 I/, in inclusive, in max. Flange sizes 4fn to 8 in inclusive, 1/8 in max. Flange sizes 9 in to 12 in inclusive, B in mm. NOTE, Bos$ flanges apply only to Tables A to J inclusive. Fig. 4. Steel boss Beage



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B.S. 10 : 1962

rr”I 1 Back of f lanao

D dia.

l p X di8. c dia. **

not less than CtY4 in

Fig. 5a r i h in max. r- Back of f lange

before backfacing

D dia.

I I V C dia.**X d’ia.

Fig. Sb n o t less than C+v4

* S œ claw 4. Fig. 5. Integrally forged or cast steel h g e

in

** DIAMETER C

ia Tables R, S and T to Minimum values are given

ensure adequato reinforcement of the flanges.

t RADIUS R, MINIMUM All Tables: 1/4 in for flanges up to and including 3 lm in size, 3/s in all other sizes.

it DIMENSION ‘A’ is tho distance machined flat for nut or washer seating. This distance should be the minimum necessav for such seating. NOTE. Unified heavy series

comers to be used with these nuts are too large across

flanges as the necessary value of ‘ A ’ would result in the complete removal of Radius R in many sizes,

for valves only



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

I D

i I h 6

""- 7 i .i R =

1. ' / A in for flanges of '/2 in t o 3 h i n inc. to tab les D, and '/e in for al l sizes and tables

sizes E and F, oth.er

59



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B.S. 10 : 1962

t

t

I Radi l

..

us

I -

DIAMETER C and # LENGTH G

Tables F and H to ensure Minimum values are given in

adequate reinforcement of the flanges. Minimum values are also

78 in to 120 in size. given in Table D for flanges As

Jon.. d e d

196s t RADIUS R MINIMUM 1h in to 1112 in bore inclusive R = 118 in. 2 in to 18 in bore inclusive R = 114 in. 20 in and above altered

As H = I in. Jan.,

Provided dimensions C and 1965 R are adhered to, no spot facing or back facing is necessary except for the 24 in size in Table H.

mg. 7. Integrally cast iron fianges (Tables F and H) (applies also to Table D, flanges 78 in to 120 in).



--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

- BSI B S * L O b2 m Lb24667 OL388bb 8 m .

B.S. 10 : 1962

APPENDIX

INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER

It is recommended that, in the enquiry or order, the purchaser should specify the following:

l. The design temperature and pressure for which the flanges are required,

2. Flange size designation. (Clause 3.) 3. The material required. (Clause 5a toj.) 4. The type of flange if supplied loose and the preparation for attachment to

pipes., if other than as specified in Clause 7b. 5. If the flanges are required undrilled. (Clause 4c.) 6. If the backs of the flanges are required to be mach ined for other than

7. If a raised jointing face is reqM for steel flanges, Tables A to F

8. If the flanges am to be marked to identify the material. (Clause 5.) 9. If certificates are required of the process, chemical analysis and physical

10. If a particular type of stud-bolt is required. (Clause 6d(i) to (vi).) 11. If bolts, stud-bolts and nuts are to be marked to identify the material.

or the Flange Table (Clause 2).

a cast steel integral flange. (Clause 4b.)

inclusive. (Clause 4u (i).)

properties of the material. (Clause 5.)

(Clause 6.)

61



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BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION

The British Standards Institution was founded in 1901 and incorporated by Royal Charter in 1929,

The principal objects of the Institution as set'out in the.charter are to co-ordinate the efforts of producer8 and users for the improvement, standardization and simplilìcation of engineering and industrial materials; to simplify production and distribution; to eliminate -the waste of time and material involved in the production of an unnecessary variety of patterns and sizes of ariicles for one and the same purpose; to set up standards of quality and dimensions, and to promote the general adoption of British Standards.

In carrying out its work the Institution endeavours to ensure adequate representation of all viewpoints. Before embarking on any project it must be satisfied that there is a strong body of opinion in favour of proceeding and that there is a recognized need to be met.

The Institution is a non-profit-making concern. It is financed by subscriptions from firms, trade associations, professional institutions and other bodies inferested in its work, by a Government grant and by the sale of its publications. The demands on the services of the Institution are steadily increasing and can only be met if continuing and increased financial support is provided.

Membership of the Institution is open to British subjects, companies, technical and trade associations, and local and public authorities.



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