Top Banner

of 60

BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

Apr 03, 2018

Download

Documents

Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    1/60

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    2/6050 LM

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    3/60

    50 !!" %&'()'('+,-(.(%'/(+% %&'():; ?&'('/+@+%, +A+.'+,'(.+%B)%&'() :;

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    4/60:;:;

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    5/60

    01123056178 0 2896186 0 0 8922 0 0 !"9289 01123$56178 $(198!)89"2 $ 98)2!92 $0!86)961 $ +2 &6)6 $*%3&26 $,62-8&2)8 $ 6&896-29 $6.&689" +.&2/$6)!6 +.&2/!6289 +.&2/%3& +.&2$/%3 +.&2$/%3 +.&2$/%3 +.&2$*/%3 +.&2$,/%3 +.&2$/%3 46!92/+20 46!92 /4&8) 46!92./4&8) 2!21)2 46!92$/6& 46!92$/+96 46!92$/62-8 46!92$*/6&

    :;

    CDDEFGDIJ

    :;

    CDDEFGLKJIEGNSTUVWXVY[\]_abWcXde\fgbbhTiVhf\jTbkebXT\WbjlVfgbYmnopqqqiqrsUh\tVfuqqnivWU\Whf\jjVY[\]iwUxlyz

    6767787!"#"$%&$'""$"'"XY[\] abaccXY[\] abacc

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    6/60

    0122356789 6767787 !"#"$%&$'"& #"+$",'" -7./ 1 67864 4 4:7 ::4 4: :; ;4;:; 4 4 4:;GC 4 = 4? 4? 4 ?? 4 4 I= ? ;4;:;< C ;C 4 =C C > 678 := C ;C @4A 4B 4? > @4A 4=D 3 B

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    7/60

    0122356789 686 !$%"&'()* $, 9 4 $/ !# !!$! !$ ,, ! +/+, 4 $/ ! !$ ! ,/ + &, "&'( !# !$ ! , / , !, & "&' !$ , / / $,+6 / + - , $, $ $# , / /. + ,$ ! - # !$ !, / %:7&) ! & ; 6

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    8/60

    0122356789 ! #$%&' ()*+6,-./,-*, -,4 +.B**B+.- * -).-.B),*E.,4,- .G@*,-*,+.+ IB@.,--*,F+ *+-/-*,:; K%LMNO (). C*,,/@-* B,+-*--./*+* @.,4@.,-+-F /..@.,-+J+.4,- ?*,-).@+-/.B /../.,B.+F-).-.+- ,46=@*,-*,/ 6780WHW \ acssnubZm 6780213Fl\ \ acssxyz{l| 678013}Fy 6780110Fyn 'RPSPOP% U/-)./+.+ -)* C.+-). C*,-./ # $NLN$O'LPT E*--*./E,-*- =(77G@.+ B)/B K 'TPSPSO'SO 4.+*,./+4.+*/.4

    \]ab\]ab

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    9/60

    0122356789 !"#$"$$ % &' ($!"$ )"(! ./7 ("( - $! + $ !( ! "-"$*-* ("* ($!" "$#$-!$!$"$ :; ) !)"(;' +!"(-"$?+ # @ >A; $"-!( B C; !("$ !+! )"( ./7D + +!"(-E4 G ;HI ( "$"$ "-" %J;KC& %QP;: DRDS/T!+ + 4RDS/T

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    10/60

    0122356789 ! # $ ' &( ' & + ' ' # ,-./ ' *

    ::;;

    >?B

    ::;;

    >?B GBMNOPQRPSUVWXYZ[\Q]R_Va\X\bNcZPbVdN\e_\RNVQ\dfPa\SghijkkkcklmObVnPokkhcpQOVQbVddPSUVWXcqOrfst

    cdfgcdfg

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    11/60

    0122356789 !"#$% +!$#!', .,"))%/ 4 ,%)!)& 8#,,")&% +!)-,#+ 7!)/%))) ++% % =>?@ *&!-!)/)# .,")%$%+ 6&)-&*% 6&)-"#!B 6&)-A)+

    6&)-$+#) 6&)-$#!!', +%")#! F$%)#+% GH?I JJKHL F"#+&) .#)"/ +#&")+ M#,,#A$ FN!)&-% +#&" % OPQ ST XYHZ[\] _

    cdfg

    oppqrspuvwx

    cdfg

    oppqrspuvxwvuqsz{

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    12/60

    0122356789 !"#$%$&'()* '&4!!$%.% #=# !!$%.% &$!%$%A &4>!$=$!4$ $%4>!$=$!4 $/=;!!$%.% &:!=!!$$!% !$!!%&&'! 4#="!$!:!#& #$&!>!/>& >&!/!&!$% 6$&4!#$!$% C!%>/4#!% C##%:%= C#>&/ %% /$!!$%.%! !$%#%&$ 7!4!$#&'!" ?/#%#%:!& !'%!'/!%!4$ !#%:%=-# >#$$!.!$4#= %A!=&"!! !()*+,!#4!#4 '&4!!$%.% !:%#%&$'& -./%!&$;!& $/=#!%%% I#$%./%!& JKLMN TPQRQ U

    V++WV+ 8 X+W7 Y/# Z7[[ Y/#%# )[\7ZZ)[ Y/# ,)W+E Y/#% W7 7W[7 Z +(7W()V 8&

    _bcdefgghihjjf

    klllk

    _bcdefgghihjjf

    kllk tsklz{|}~}~{}{{~}|}~|~}|

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    13/60

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    14/60

    0122356789 !"!# ! # $! ## % # !# # &$ ! ! # (+ % #$*& .// 4 4:;4

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    15/60

    0122356789 # $! ! !! %& '()*+ ! , % $! ! ! , % # ! %&& % ! ! ! &'()*+ - & 4 :;

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    16/60

    0122356789 $ %&'# " #('# "" % !" #! " " (" !$ * *"" !'# % + #"" !,&-./ # $ * ,&-./ " * * $" ** :;:?=:@ ,&-./# ! # ! ! * !" %&** !""* ! " JK@

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    17/60

    0122356789 !"#$%&!'()'* %)+.*!(%6& +%.#'%"4# #+%,,((%(( ?@A

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    18/60

    0122356789 # ! # $ %&')*+,-./,-* # :; =## :; # >=# ! # $ # # < #$ 6 # @ # < # # # # < # #A # < D $6 # # #A :; =# # # E > $# # >$# # # :; # # $ G H 9 E :; $ # :; $; 7 # = = = D $8 # $7 G 9 # > # $ I 9E # # $ K9E # # ! > #A $ H 9> E =## L 9

    MNPQRST

    YZcY

    MNPQRST

    YcYYcijklmnloqrstuvwxmynz{r|}xtx~jvl~|rjx{xnjrmxl|}xok~rl|mkrm~|rloqrstk

    HIKHIK

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    19/60

    0122356789 " "" " $ $ % $$$& " " # +,-/ 4 +,-,:;< & =& $ > &=" $ "= " $ = " $ 6 # $ " " "" & &6 & 6 " " " & & 9 ? &@" " ? " $$&> ? "" 9 A " $ "$ " " "> A & $B" " ""$ ? "> ? $ $ #" " > ? $ " E F ? $ $& % $" " " $ & "' " $$$& $ " %

    HIK

    TUUVWXU

    HIK

    TUUVW]\[ZVX_adefghigjlmnopqrshtiuvmwxsosyezqgywm{es|vsiemhs{}gwxsj~zfymgwzhfmhywm{{gjlmnozf}

    MNPQRSTMNPQRST

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    20/60

    0122356789 ! "$$$% "## ""!!!#"#& #$" !#%# *+,+-/ 4 :4 !#"" # #!# % "" #) # "< " $9 = # )#$ " #""$; #"# ###!##"# %< ! ' $9 =!#!#"# $ !#!#" $" ? < ! "$$"% ="" '#""$;% #""$;##"" 6"##; '## = % "# % = $" ## =!"#"$"# " =! "C!"#

    =!"#""$"# *+,+EFG H 6 !"# " " #' % ( " $" #$ #") " ;""#' '## # "$" "#" #"

    MNPQRST

    YZ]Y

    MNPQRST

    Y]Y bY]hijklmknpqrstuvwlxmyzq{|wsw}i~uk}{qiwzwmiqlwk{|wn~j}qk{~ljql}{qknpqrs~j

    acdacd

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    21/60

    0122356789 & ' ($ %! $!' !! )!#! )* ,-./ - , ,4 / 4 - ->.> 4 ?4@ ,4.> .- -C- H// : /: -.>?4@- -C H// : /: -4 ?B< /:- /R O- O-:./? ---;- 4 . O-:./? -

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    22/60

    0122356789 ! " & ' # # $ ($% # $ ($ # 9 3 3 $ '% 4& ' ' $ ! %& '$ $ $ $ 4& ' $ # $' # %& ' $4 $ $ $ $ %6#$ $ ($%6 # '# $ # ! % 6780 % 4& #' # *$ ' $ # %& " ' $ '# $$ 4& ' " # # # !$ #4& $ # $$ ' $ $ $ # '%,# $ %& $ , # $ $# ' $ $ $ $ # & $ #$ ($ ' %6 # $ $%. # $ * ## * $ $

    ; ?@ABC

    GHI

    ; ?@ABC

    GHIIHVWXYZ[Y\_abcdeZf[gh_ijeaekWlcYki_mWenhe[W_ZemoYije\pqrstttltuvXk_wYixttqlyZX_Zki_mmY\_alzX{o|}

    / VWVW

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    23/60

    0122356789

    ' #$ (()

    *+ *+ *+ *+

    *+ ,-. ,-. ,-. ,-. ,-.

    / 7 4+- -.4

    : - ;.

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    24/60

    0122356789

    ! ) ( ( **+

    ,- ,- ,- ,-

    ,- ./ ./ ./ ./ ./

    7 4 -/ 44:/

    < /44 =>//

    A/4/B= = 7 ? / : ;//:/; 6:/=CD/4/ 6:/=CDEF/ /4/?/=B >/G G>H: :/: =- A/4/B= /4/? I :BF B=/ A/4/B= ;G K 4D=F/;G /4/B=/:/4/?/= BF B=/ =B =-->= /BC

    < /44 =/ /= :/4/?/=LBF >// 4/:@ < =F//4/B=/ >// 4/:=-44 < /44;G:/E

    6 /=; B-/NG -=/B= ::-BG 6:/ =-B/:>

    ' OPQ

    YZ\]_aabcbd

    effgg

    YZ\]_aabcbd

    efgg nggtuvwxywz|}~xy}uw}uyu}xwzv}wxv}x}wz|}~v

    VWVW

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    25/60

    0122356789 !"#$%"&'(") %!!"+% +% ,++:4! '(4& %$(#)* "+ '(4#4#)*#'(#'; +,"!+"(#)*%" ?@ABC "%"(:+%'# "+"4#)*'+4 %+"4#)*& F G "+"4#)*# $)(H%"%( #'$(+4(+* (+"+*%)4'+ F J&>!(#+)"+ !"+$'(+*(":# %'#&$%)% '(4&%)4#'(" *"+)4%*%# "I#"$)(%)4' 6)4#4#)*(,+" F "*%(+"&"I F +)("%(%+# F +$!%)&+"! F )4',+"("%% F ($%*)#(4+, F ((#$%)4"'+ OPQ CR +(!(,"+$%-. F 4(%#'+,#4)(# !"+#'#+)',+"(# F "+$$)4%(#+ ()#I'#,) ''%"& F %(#+)'"I#"4 F "+$$)4%(#+ +,('&'($T#,:# F )+(':#4"%:% +!"%(#)*%) F %#'(+,(%$$

    VW

    bccdefchijk

    VW

    bccdefchijkkjihdfmnonrstuvwuxz{|}~vw{}su{sws{vuxt{uvt{v{uxz{|}t

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    26/60

    0122356789 !"# $ $ " &' ( ) ! * $ +,-./ '( " & " ' :;?;@ B & " C & C & && %" & & "& & " %" $ && " "& " C & / " & " % & $ " H && IJ;=

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    27/60

    0122356789 !"#$% !)!(!) (!-8( , )/ , - )(, 9 !!( " .-$! ,,

    4:;;

    ?@@ABC@

    4:;;

    ?@@ABHGFEACOPQRSTRUWXYZ[\]S_TaXbcZdPe\RdbXfPgaTPXSfhRbcUijklmmmemnoQdXpRbqmmjerSQXSdbXffRUWXYZesQthuv

    !"#!$%&

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    28/60

    0122356789 !"#!$%& )*+&!%'(!&'!# ,-./.4 -/ ./4/ -:/- . .-.:;;4./.4 -./[email protected] -/..- =4/-:A;.AB -. -/;AC.;.-;... D//@8.A/.:- /;[email protected]. F4. 4;G/.;// -;.. )HIJKLM!% =AC.;/;.-.F. A O..; :;AC.; ..-..-/--.:F.A;/;4 -;AC.;A A /-Q P;- / A ;/-. P;; /;A9G/:.-4 ;..4F:4.;:A/ F::-4:/ P;;..;/-.4.A.9 ;./ -;F9 1/-4R 3R S-AR TR U/-.R 0/.-/.R /- =.-/;..-.:.:/..CC /

    VWYZ[\] _

    bcld

    VWYZ[\] _

    bcld kdlrstuvwuxz{|}~vw{}su{sws{vuxt{uvt{v{uxz{|}t

    MM

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    29/60

    0122356789 9 1 ! 3 "#$ $! % " ! & ! ' ( )*+7+ 1, 8 . / $ ! " # ! 8 . - " (6 , - $ $ ( -, $ " " $ - " " ( $ * $" : - 6 , $ (+ ( ;

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    30/60

    0122356789 !"#$%& +,-.-/,-/,//./,4,- :.,;.-.3:0 ;--/-//;././//>6/,. ,4,,-/,@/-/;

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    31/60

    0122356789

    1

    8

    ! 9"#8 8$% $& ' $% )%

    1

    ! $% $%

    *+, ./ 4 ;? IJ% J&'& J M L% $ $J K J $& J $ & PQH QB RS I & X YZ IK ! 7J JL & J%% ' KM && [\ ]$ ^ ] ' $ % L& _ JL & J J J & $

    %& J&'&

    acd

    lmmnopmrstu

    acd

    lmmnopmutsrnpwxyx|}~}}}~~~

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    32/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( " # ) * ' # " + , - ' " # .

    / 0 4 5 7 9 6 6 : ; < = 6

    / 5 " ( >

    # ! ) * ? @ " 5 A B @ " 5

    5 C D E D F G D H 2 I J 2 1

    K L K / @ 5 = M J C N J 6 O J P 6 J < Q J R O

    K @ S 5 C D E D F G D H 2 J 2 1

    A L @ / A 5 # * % ( # ) * ( # " % , . ' * $ ' " # - ' " #

    / S @ @ @ 5 K ' # ) 5 ; - ' ) T ) ' . 5 U H V W X Y D H E Z W [ \ W ] Z ] X ^ _ V [ V H V [ D ` H D V [ D H [ a V W M

    / " , # - 5 U V W b Y Z H ; % ' ) * ' ) " * 5 7 D V E [ Z H

    @ " S , ) + ! " # + * ' T ) ' ) " * " % % ) - , % % L " * % c , * - % / ( ? , # + % L " * ' % - ' ) " * % # c , ) # + - ' ) " * " - ' + ' "

    2 P < V [ D H \ V ^ ; P Z < V [ D H \ V ^ ; ] d d ^ _ U V W b ; \ X D F d [ _ P Z Y ^ Z e Z Y ; \ W [ Z H D V E [ Z H 6 f d ^ Z X \ Z W P Z W D X a Z e W

    \ [ ] V [ \ Z W W Z [ V E E D d [ V G ^ D 9 Z W X \ g D H \ W X [ V ^ ^ V [ \ Z W Z W [ V W b ; Z Y V ^ Z e h ^ D i D ^ V ^ V H F d ^ ] X V ^ Z e j ^ Z e h ^ D i D [ H \ d [ Z X [ Z d d ] F d M < Q

    3 P U H V W X Y D H ; k V [ V H V [ D l M m P Z [ H V W X Y D H Z Y ; [ V b D X d ^ V E D ] F d ; X [ Z d d D g J ^ \ W D G ^ Z E b D g 6 f d ^ Z X \ Z W P Z W D X a Z e W \ [ ] V [ \ Z W W Z [ V E E D d [ V G ^ D < D V X ] H D F D W [ Z Y Y ^ Z e H V [ D Y Z H F V [ D H \ V ^ ; d ^ ] X V ^ Z e Y ^ Z e V ^ V H F V W g V ^ Z e Y ^ Z e e a \ E a [ H \ d X d ] F d M R O

    n < 7 6 < V [ D H \ V ^ ; < Z H D F V [ D H \ V ^ ; 8 X ] d d ^ _ [ V W b Z i D H Y ] ^ ^ o \ ^ ^ \ W ` Z Y [ V W b Y H Z F [ V W b D H e a D W \ W X ] Y Y \ E \ D W [ E V d V E \ [ _ D f \ X [ X U V W b e \ ^ ^ Z i D H Y ^ Z e \ W [ Z G Z ] W g D g V H D V P Z W D X a Z e W 7 D F V H b 8 U a \ X e Z ] ^ g

    a V i D G D D W \ g D W [ \ Y \ D g g ] H \ W `

    D f V F \ W V [ \ Z W Z Y [ a D

    [ V W b 9 Z W X \ g D H a \ ` a h ^ D i D ^ V ^ V H F \ Y W Z [ d H D i \ Z ] X ^ _ \ g D W [ \ Y \ D g

    6 Opqstuvwxxyzy

    |}}~} ~~}}

    pqs

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    33/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) 9 6 * * 6 + , - ' . 6

    / % % &

    ! 4 5 8 & : % ; &

    ! < % & = > ? @ 2 A B 2 C C 1

    % < D E F D G F # # F & . H B = I B 6 J B K 6 B - L B M J

    D % % # N ! < % & = > ? @ 2 O B 2 C C 1

    G < : E F # ! % : % ! & 4 P 4 4 Q P R S S T U V < U 4 W U 4

    ! % # N # % & D U 4 & , < W U X U T & Y @ Z [ \ @ [ ] ^ Z Z @ Z _ @ Z @ ` Z H

    R 4 W & Y Z a \ @ , ! P U U & ( Z @

    N R b 5 4 b % Q U ! X U G P P W R P P E P c R W P 8 R 4 b P E Q Q U P < W U P 4 c R 4 b < W U W U b U

    d - ) ( 6 Y @ Z [ \ @ , - @ @ Z [ \ @ 7 @ Z [ \ ] e @ Z \ ,

    f @ _ [ g > h ] ] @ f @ _ h > h \ ' [ [ ? ] @

    ^ ] ' @ e ] ] Z ] Z @ _ i [ [ , K

    9 ` a h > h \ ] e [ Z ` Z @ Z @ [ [ @ _ > > [ j [ _ ( k [ ` > > [ [ _ h @ @ M J

    O . 6 * * - Z @ Z ] , . [ [ , . e ] k ] Z a 7 Z l Z h [ k [ ` Z ' [ [ ? ] k @ i _

    Z ] Z _ Z i h ] [ 7 Z l Z \ ] e K m

    Z h Z ? ] * Z > Z [ 2 . e j ] k ] Z ] Z @ > Z a * Z > Z [ 2 - L

    0 . 6 * * Y @ Z [ \ @ , n Z @ Z o H ( \ ] e @ Z \ ,

    . h Z @ Z ] ] ? ] a B ] Z a Z _ B h > h @ j h @ \ @ > _ B n 6 i h ] [ K [ ` e K Z h Z ? ] * Z > Z [ 3 M J pqs

    |}}~}~~}}| |

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    34/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * 9 6 + + 6 , - . ( / 6

    0 & & ' 3 4

    " 5 7 8 : ' ; & < : '

    " = & ' > ? @ A 2 B C 2 D D 1

    & = E F G E H G $ $ G : ' / I C > J C 6 K C L 6 C . M C N K

    E & & $ : O " = & ' > ? @ A 2 P C 2 D D 1

    H = ; F G : $ " & ; & " ' 5 8 Q 3 5 7 8 3 5 R Q S T T U V 8 W = V 5 X V 5

    " & $ O : $ : & : ' E V 5 7 ' - = X V 7 Y 7 V U ' Z A [ \ ] A \ ^ _ [ [ A [ ` A [ A a [ I

    S 5 X ' Z [ b ] A - " Q V 7 8 V 7 8 ' ) [ A

    : O S 7 c 5 c & R 8 V " Y 7 V 7 8 H Q Q 7 X S Q Q F 8 Q d S 8 X Q 3 S 5 c Q F R R 8 V Q = X V 7 8 Q 5 d S 7 5 c = X V 7 8 X V c V

    B - + e 6 / / - + . [ A [ ^ - - \ f ^ ^ [ \ - a A \ a A ] ^ ? [ A [ ^ [ ^ \ g A \ a \ g g ^ _ [ b 9 [ ? [ \ g g ^ _ [ b L

    b f 9 \ ] [ ^ [ b A \ a b [ [ [ ^ _ \ g A A \ a [ A ` [ b 9 \ A [ g [ @ ^ 9 a b g A [ g A A / I

    1 - + e 6 / / - + Z A [ \ ] A - - \ f ^ ^ [ \ A [ \ ] A A ` - C \ ? a ` ^ \ a [ g g \ \ a [ \ A A \ C A \ C A _ \ [ ^ ^ h [ A ? g \ Z a g [ ^ ] A [

    a f ^ @ \ A a ^ ` a ] ? A \ g ] [ ^ \ L 6

    D - + e 6 / / - + > \ [ A [ A - \ f ^ ^ [ \ A [ A 6 i A [ ^ ^ [ b \ / C j [ ^ j A ` ^ [ ^ [ b \ 6

    j A ? [ ^ [ ? [ ( \ \ @ ^ i g ^ \ k \ ] [ g g g ` l \ [ [ A m

    [ ^ ] [ g [ / [ ] ^ f \ \ A ] A A g [ \ ^ \ [ \ g \ \ @ ^ a A [ A > J

    noqrstuvvwxw

    z{| |~|{{z|

    klno

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    35/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * 9 6 + + 6 , - . ( / 6

    0 & & '

    " 4 5 8 ' : & ; '

    " < & ' = > ? @ 2 A B 2 C C 1

    & < D E F D G F $ $ F ' / H B = I B 6 J B K 6 B . L B M J

    D & & $ N " < & ' = > ? @ 2 B 2 C C 1

    G < : E F $ " & : & " ' 4 O 4 4 P O Q R R S T U < T 4 V T 4

    " & $ N $ & ' D T 4 ' - < V T W T S ' X @ Y Z [ @ Z \ ] Y Y @ Y ^ @ Y @ _ Y H

    Q 4 V ' X Y ` [ @ - " O T T ' ) Y @

    N Q a 5 4 a & P T " W T G O O V Q O O E O b Q V O 8 Q 4 a O E P P T O < V T O 4 b Q 4 a < V T V T a T

    2 ) 6 c 6 ) + 6 X @ Y Z [ @ - ) d @ Z @ [

    [ \ e . Y @ Y \ [ \ e Z [ @ > @ Y @ Z f f \ ] Y `

    ( @ Z Z @ @ Y @ _ ^ _ @ _ Y f > f Z _ Y @ ^ f @ Z Z @ H Y ` Y > Y [ Z f f \ ] Y ` e _ @ Y > Y @ Y \ K Z _ e (

    Z Z Y Z [ Y @ ] 9 Z @ Z Y \ \ ^ Y g @ @ d Y \ d _ \ . L

    2 2 * X I 6 ) X I - K . Y @ Y \ - * _ @ _ Y - . Y @ Y \ _ @ _ Y - Z f f \ ] Y ` h @ > Y @ Y \ Z f f \ ] Y ` i

    ` e h \ f > Y @ Y \ X Y ` @ Z ] _ ` Y Y Y \ ] Z f @ @ Z _ Y @ ^ ( Z Y f Y ? \

    2 3 * X I 6 ) X I - K = Z Y @ Y @ 6 j @ Y \ \ Y ` K _ ^ @ Y _ Z @ Y @ / [ @ Y @ 6

    d @ > Y \ Y > Y Y

    f Z Z ? \ j f \ Z 7 ^ @ ] [ f f ^ 9 _ ` f f ^ Z ^ + f [ ] _ Y f @ f Z [ \ e @ f Z _ \ _ Y d Y Z [ [ \ ] @ Y f @ Z f Z f @ d Y j f \ Z . L klno

    wxxyz{x}~~}y{yxxw

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    36/60

    0122356789 8 !"!##$!% &"( %'!%" *,-'(& . !%!13.)( 4 $(#!& $# &%! .) (#!& $# %!%$# )")1" %($# . " $# "%* ' !'*%$# ! #) %" . ;!

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    37/60

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    38/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & 8 ' ( ) 9 6 * + ( 6 ,

    - & & 8 3 . /

    2 & " ! & $ % & 4 , 5 , 9 6 5 + 9 : + ( 6 ) 9 ) 5 ' ) 6 : ; & < $ $ 2 = = > 4

    " ? & 4

    & ? @ 2 @ 2 $ $ 2 = 4 A B C D , C 6 C '

    @ & & $ = E " ? & 4

    ? 2 = $ " & & " 4 $ = ! $ 2 = 4 ' 9 6 7 A 6 * 6 (

    = > & F G H E I J K L > M K " N J H J > G > O O J P I O O > G O Q I G P O R S I M K O > F F G H O ? P H J > G O M Q I J M K ? P H J > G > P H K H >

    0 A T U ) : V 6 ( : V 5 W U W T X X Y Z T W [ U [ W [ U U \ T U ) Z U W U U U U : [ U Y U U T ] T ] \ T U

    ( ^ _ [ Z Y . [ U W U Z U Z Y W T Y . W W T \ T U Y A B

    [ W U U ) [ W U U Y W ) Z U W U U U U W T ` a _ T T Y Z U Z U T ] W W T T Y Y ) Z U W U [ W Y Y b \ W [ Y [ . U ` b [ W U U [ W Y \ W c 5 T Y b . Y U b [ . . W T `

    ( ^ _ U U U U W Y . W W T Y W . b W U Y W U U d U A B

    1 [ W U U , e 6 , W T ` W U W T Y W _ [ [ W U U V W U U Y W ` W _ [ ` Z U Y W T ` a ` W ] \ Y W \ T f W T ] W Y Y U W b W U W Y . U ` Y Z Z T U , W ` Z T Y b W T T T ^ U Y

    g [ W U U ) : V 6 ( : V 5 W U W T [ U [ W [ W U U Y W

    W T ` a _ T T \ Y W \ T ' [ ] Y W T Y b U b W . . . U [ W U U Y ) Z U W U [ h Y 7 . Z U Z Y W T U U

    Z U i _ b [ C \ W b Y

    . [ W U U Y W Z C Y Z . U

    ` a i Z Y . U [ U

    U _ W ` . [ W U U c ' U [ W

    Y b d U ] W U ^ _ D ,

    jkmnopqrrstsuu

    vw~}|xzx

    ijlm

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    39/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' 8 ( ) * 9 6 + , ) 6 -

    ! . ' ' 8 /

    1 3 ' # " 1 ' % & ' 4 - 5 - 9 6 5 , 9 : , ) 6 * 9 * 5 ( * 6 : ; 1 ' < % ! % = = > 4

    # ? ' 4

    ' ? @ 3 @ ! % % = 4 A B C D - C 6 C (

    @ ' ' % = E # ? ' 4

    ? 1 3 = ! % # ' 1 ' # 4 % = ! 1 " 3 % = 4 ( 9 6 7 A 6 + 6 )

    = > ' F G H E I J K L > M K # N J H J > G > O O J P I O O 3 > G O Q I G P O ! R S I M K O 3 > F F G H O ? P H J > G O M Q I J M K ? P H J > G > P H K H >

    2 C T U V 5 * ) 6 : W X X Y Z Z [ Y Y \ ] ^ V X V _ * ` Z Y Z Z Z Z 9 W ` ^ \ \ a a Z \ b W Y ] / Y \ Y Y [ Z ` X Y \ \ ] c U \ ] X U ^ V X V d c V X V W Y X [ Z e e Z ] 0 W X [ - Y / V Y Z [ [ Z Y f Y 7 e [ V Y ` [ [ a \ ] / a Y V X Y Z Z ` Z g ^ V X C T U V a Y V [ d - Y W ` \ X U [ Y X \ e Z ]

    D -

    2 2 C T U V 6 - - : \ \ X Y Z Z [ Y a e Y \ W h ^ \ \ [ ` Z ` Z \ ] Y Y \ \ [ [ [ Y a e [ Y a e [ Y a e D -

    ijlm

    uvvwxyv{|}~~}|{wywvvu

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    40/60

    0122356789 !"#$%#&'"& :,&+;

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    41/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ! " ( & ! & ) * & " ) + " ! & * & ) ! + $ , $ &

    - . / 1 4 5 8 4 7 9 4 7 : ; 6 9 7 : < = < 6 8

    - 2 > ? 3

    @ A @ B C / @ D 1 B E B ! 4 ; F G 9 H I 7 4 J 4 8 @ K 1 - 1 B B ! 2

    /

    L C L - 1 1 B I M N M F N F 4

    L 1 B E /

    @ C B - 1 / @ / 7 : ; 5 O 8 4 9 H < 7 I 6 6 P 5 7 ; 8 6 :

    / - 1 E B 1 B B ; Q 7 I 6 < 7 J : 4 G ; 6 < Q 7 4 4 : 6 : : 4 6 J 7 Q 7 : J 7 : O 8 4 7 : : < 4 O 6 < ; 6 6 I < 4 : I < ; ; 7 : J ; 7 : Z [ \ V ] ` a Y a b Y a ` c ] V Z _ [ Y Y a c ? ] [ ^ X c a 9 > V Z [ ` a c a ` [ V Z a W ] c ] Y a Z Y X ` d > ? Y c ] b e Z [ ` a a f X [ W _ a V Y

    a g [ a h > X Y W X Y ? c > _ Y c ] b e Z [ ` a a f X [ W _ a V Y Z Y X ` d I M

    3 7 V W X Y Z [ \ V ] ^ 4 _ W ^ [ Y X ` a 8 6 J c a ] Y a c Y i ] V ` a Z [ \ V ] _ W ^ [ Y X ` a c ] V Z _ [ Y Y a c _ > X V Y a ` Y > > b ^ > Z a Y > c ] [ ^ 8 ] d ` ] _ ] \ a a f X [ W _ a V Y 9 i a b e Z Y > j a b ] c c [ a ` > X Y ` X c [ V \ [ V Z Y ] ^ ^ ] Y [ > V

    4 ` ` b i a b e Y > [ V Z Y ] ^ ^ ] Y [ > V W c > b a ` X c a I M

    k 7 V W X Y Z [ \ V ] ^ 4 _ W ^ [ Y X ` a G 6 < < < _ ] ^ ^ a c Y i ] V ` a Z [ \ V ] _ W ^ [ Y X ` a c ] V Z _ [ Y Y a c _ > X V Y a ` Y > > ? ] c ? c > _ c ] [ ^ < [ \ V ] ^ _ ] d j a _ [ Z Z a ` 4 Z ] j > g a

    4 ` ` b i a b e Y > [ V Z Y ] ^ ^ ] Y [ > V W c > b a ` X c a I M

    l 7 V W X Y Z [ \ V ] ^ O c a f X a V b d m 6 m 4 : I [ ? ? a c a V Y ? c a f X a V b d ` a Y a b Y a ` ; [ b e X W > ? ] Z [ \ V ] ^ ? c > _ ] ` n ] b a V Y Y c ] b e 7 V b > c c a b Y g ] ^ X a W ] Z Z a ` Y > W c > b a Z Z > c 9 X c c a V Y ^ d V > V a

    9 i a b e [ ? ] b Y [ > V [ Z V a a ` a ` Y > W c > Y a b Y ] \ ] [ V Z Y Y i [ Z I M

    o 4 V Y a V V ] a ; > Z [ Y [ > V m 6 m 4 : 4 V Y a V V ] a [ Z [ V > Y i a c Y i ] V Y i a b > c c a b Y ^ > b ] Y [ > V O ] [ ^ X c a > ? _ > X V Y [ V \ Z 9 > X ^ ` i [ Y Y c ] b e ] V j a ` a Z Y c > d a ` 9 ] j ^ a Z i > X ^ W c > g [ ` a Z a b > V ` ] c d Z X W W > c Y

    6 V Z X c a Y i ] Y b ] j ^ a h [ ^ ^ e a a W ] V Y a V V ] a b ^ a ] c > ? Y c ] b e M F

    0 4 V Y a V V ] a Q > ^ Y ] \ a 8 6 J c a ] Y a c g > ^ Y ] \ a Y i ] V a p W a b Y a ` 4 V Y a V V ] a Z i > c Y Y > ^ [ g a c ] [ ^ 4 V Y a V V ] a ] V ` > Y i a c a f X [ W _ a V Y j a b > _ a a ^ a b Y c [ b ] ^ ^ d ^ [ g a

    9 i a b e [ ? Y i a c a [ Z ] V d W c > Y a b Y [ > V ] \ ] [ V Z Y Y i [ Z > b b X c c [ V \ I M qrtuv

    }~~~~~}

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    42/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - ) + 7 9 + . ) 7 / 0 . , + 6 9 + 7 , / + 6 -

    ! ' ' ( 3 4 3

    5 ' ' 5 ' 8 ' # 5 : % ; < ( ) + 0 = > , 9 ? @ 7 ) A . ) - 5 ' B % ! % C < ( 2

    # ' (

    ' D 8 C D E C ! % % C ( @ F G F = G = )

    D ' ' % ; # ' (

    E 5 8 C ! % # ' 5 ' # ( 7 / 0 * + H . , - + . ) 9 ? 7 @ 6 6 I * 7 0 - 6 / +

    # ' ! % ; % ' ( + , 0 . , J 7 @ 6 @ ) + ) + , 0 6 J 7 ) ) / + 6 / / ) 6 A 7 J 7 / A 7 / H , . - ) + 7 , / , / ) H 6 0 6 6 @ ) / @ + , 0 0 7 / A 0 , 7 / +

    < ' K L M 8 N O P M O Q R M Q P ; S Q T U < O T # V Q M Q < L E < R R Q P S R R 8 < L R W S L P R ! X Y S O T R 8 < K K L M R P M Q < L R O W S Q O T P M Q < L < P M T M > ) - Z d \ [ \ Z g Z ] \ [ Z \ f d i g ^ \ [ - Z d Z \ Z f Z \ i ` ] \ [

    9 g b 4 g \ \ Z [ ` f ^ a [ ` Z = )

    2 2 + Z g c a ` , [ k ^ Z ] / , / [ ) m ^ \ ^ b - Z d \ g i j ` \ [

    9 g b a [ ^ Z \ 4 g \ @ F

    2 3 + Z g c a ` , [ \ ] Z ^ ) l 6 > > ) 9 4 \ [ \ ] Z ^ , g ` \ ] Z ^ \ a m - Z d Z i ` ] \ [

    7 k \ ] Z i g g ` g \ \ Z ` f ^ 4 Z ^ ` = )

    noqrstuvvwxw

    z{{ |~|{{z{

    NONO

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    43/60

    0122356789 !"#$%'%( ,*,!",$%,)#$# ):--.%,)(!',,)#-,( -.#$)#$,',)',/% !,,#!)#.)#!,#.:# (!+%$"=(!':$# !,,#!)#.)*#$('( >?@A)':/%,) *#,

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    44/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ! " " ( ) * + ) ) , ) (

    - . / 0 1 - 4 5 4 8 8 : 6 0 1 ; / 1 / / : < 8 < = > ? 4 @ 6 > 6 4 5 A = A < 8 6 4 5 4 B @ A 4 C

    D E / 0 1 / F 0 7 > 7 : 7 4 : 7 < > 8 7 @ > 4 5 6 5 6 9 : 7 9 4 5 6 > 6 @

    - 0 / / D 0 F - . 0 4 5 5 4 5 4 @ 6 > 6 4 : < 8

    0 1 / 1 / 0 4 5 5 A 6 8 < > > 6 5 < > A 5 4 : G <

    / ! ) & ; H , I ! " I J , & , ! ) ! $ $ , * H $ $ . ! ) $ K H ) * $ 0 ' ( H " I $ . ! ) & $ * & , ! ) $ " K H , " I * & , ! ) +

    2 @ A 4 7 L M N M O N M P L Q M R L O S O L T U S U V N W M V O S U L U W R X > < > P M L Y Z N Q

    2 C 7 L Q N W Z [ U L N Q P W Y U W Q P L L U S T P L P N M L M N M O N U @ A 4 3 C A U W Q P L L U S N W X N P M L M N M O N U @ A 4 \ ] Z N Q M R L O S ^ O M S Q N P W U O V _ O S O W [ C > P U S U V N W M V O S U L U W R X G O M S Z W U N P O S U W N Y U W Q P L L U S 4 Q O ] P ` U 4 Q O ] P ` U > P L U ? Z Y S M V O N U T V P L L U V N M P L Q O L T ^ O M S Q O ^ U S P R M V \ M a U a b 9 Z W W U L N N P P Y U L \ Q Y W M L R N P V S P Q U b = L M L N U W W Z Y N M ] S U Y P c U W Q Z Y Y S X = L S M d U S X ] Z N Y P Q Q M ] S U = L S M d U S X 4 Q O ] P ` U > P L U

    3 < 6 P W U M L Y Z N Q 2 C G O S Q U O S O W [ 3 C M Q V _ M U ^ O S O W [ A U W Q P L L U S Q N W U Q Q U T Z L L U V U Q Q O W M S X 4 Q O ] P ` U

    > P L U ? M Q V M Y S M L U O L T V P T U P Y W O V N M V U A P Q Q M ] S U = L S M d U S X 8 _ P Z S T M L M N M O N M P L W U e Z M W U N c P ] Z N N P L Q f > P L U

    7 L Y Z N Q < 6 P W U M L Y Z N Q P W U U S U V N W M V O S U L U W R X ? O [ O R U N P O S O W [ Q X Q N U [ ? U T M V O N U T Y W P N U V N U T Y P c U W Q Z Y Y S X = L S M d U S X > P L U

    g 5 6 8 8 5 U Q Q M L M N M O N M P L 7 L M N M O N M P L Q M R L O S P L S X W U O V _ U Q Q P [ U O S O W [ Q 8 P [ U Y U W Q P L L U S L P N O S U W N U T P Z N M L U O S O W [ V _ U V d Q

    > P L U

    hiklmnoppqrqs

    tuuv~ }~v

    \]ab

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    45/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ! + ) , - ( % ( ! $ . ! / / ( ' / / ! $ / ' $ / 3 4 5 ' + ) / ! # # $ % / % ( ! $ / + ' ( + ) % ( ! $

    8 : ; < : ; = > ? @ : A B C ; D : < ; @ @ < > E < B C ; B B : > F : G : > H

    0 D ? I 6 8 8 D ? D C : : < < 7 < ; = = ; J ; < K H B L : C J < J < ; M C ; ;

    H

    N

    D C : : < : ; < : ; = > ? @ ; = > C ; = A ; @ O P = P B G Q L : < @ < = ? ; B B : > ;

    H

    1 Q D R S T U Q < ; A B ? = < : L ; = > ; ; = > L = < : Q ; : < : ;

    D : ; < > ; < L K

    V R 6 W 6 R ? 6 R K ; B R K ; : ; < : ; = > R K ; A < : < ; @ < H ; K @ < =

    ? > @ < ; L : J = A < X < : : : < ; X E K : B < X < : : : < ; X > @

    2 7 B T S Y 6 R S Y D H T J ; J < B Z : B : E B B F : G : > C J < J : ; Z < > X L < : B ; A X > @ 9 ; Q > ; < [ C ; =

    \]_ab

    hiijklinopqqponjltuvuwxjiihyz{|}~|}~z|z~z}|{|}{}|{

    ]abcdeefgfhhd

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    46/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ! + ) , - ( % ( ! $ . ! / / ( ' / / 1 ! $ / ' $ / 4 5 ' + ) / 1 ! # # $ % / % ( ! $ / + ' ( + ) % ( ! $

    2 2 8 : ; < = < > ; < > < : ; ? > : = @ A @ < = < > ; :

    B C ? ; D < = > 9 < E = < ; < F G > : = < = > H < = G 8 : I : ; H < = < E = F H < = ? J > : ? ? = : K = ? = : ? < L > : M = L = I @

    2 3 K A N 6 K > < = < > ; B C ? ; ? J > D = G > : = : D D > < > < ; < F B C ? ; > < O : < D = =

    @

    2 P Q 6 B B Q : : < = < > ; B J < L B ; ? > : = < = > @

    6 : > : I : ; ? > : < ; ; < = D 2 R S < E E < L F >

    2 T 8 B U 6 Q Q 8 B 8 : J = = < : < = < > ; < > < : ; H : > D < = < > ; V > : > W : Q < L D = < > X : F < = ? > : = @

    7 : F < D > < : F > F

    2 R G 8 N Y A Z G < > D < = < > ; > < : ; 8 = < > ; : E > < : ; : : < C < @ : F < = ? > : =

    8 : D > = : : < = < > ; < E

    2 0 N 6 [ 6 N B 6 N > : < = < > ; < > < : ;

    B ; ; : < E > > : < : < \ < = = = < > \

    ]abcdeefgfhhd

    ijjklmss rqpssyz{|}~|}~z|z~z}|{|}{}|{

    UV

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    47/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ! + ) , - ( % ( ! $ . ! / / ( 0 ' / / ! $ / ' $ 0 / 3 4 5 ' + ) / ! # # $ % / 0 % ( ! $ / + ' ( + ) 0 % ( ! $ 7

    2 8 : ; 6 < : ; = > ? @ ? A B C D = A E A @ B A @ A F B G H F B A F I D = D = I J H B F A K 9 L F A B M F N @ F E O G B B A H A J A N E A L @ B J H B F A K

    >

    < P Q F M A E E M F ? A D = D = A E H J F A L @ C D =

    2 1 G > 6 < = E A @ B A @ A F B F F C D = A J L @ F A @ R @ F ? F A S F F A @ H A E A @ B A F @ N L Q @ K >

    6 F A J E F ? E A @ M E F L @ N E A L @ B N @ F E

    2 T = : 6 < = E A @ B A @ A F B F E A C D = A A L @ F A @ R @ ? F A G B N @ F E B A H J @ A N N @ L @ F A E @ A P A E F F F @ A J E @

    >

    9 E A @ M E F A F A J P

    UV

    abbcdebghijjihgcemnonpqcrstuvwuxz{|}~vw{}su{sws{vuxt{uvt{v{uxz{|}t

    JKMNOPQJKMNOPQ

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    48/60

    0122356789 !"#$%#&'()* -')4#-)%*#4# >$%#&'()*(# ),4*#,-"#,/%-/# >4%/+").#4$ +").#C-"#/-)-# !"#//-#/$.)/)*) '(#.)**//-#

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    49/60

    0122356789

    !"#$%&$'( 3)'*&+,#-% 1&+,#-% 81 83 . %# /'-+ # () +'%) 48 8 &(%#$%#

    !

    3 1

    :

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    50/60

    0122356789 !"#"! $ %%#& //!,1##.(83. "#.(#-.(#-/(! : !-"#"! $ %%#& (-/ 4!/!--.!-.#' ?@ B.#.!198!"#"! 184#(!-81 1 (#-'!

    1,1#-/83 81#-/ -"!(.!(

    '"#"! 84#(#.!(.9 D.#! 8##.E 3 (#-'!(4#(!"# #-/ .(-/ F /!'"#"! (-/ 38-.( -#.1; #-/ ;8-.( !--"#1 #-/ '()(-/ 6#.!/"#3 G C(!"!-."!(4#( "#; B-#'() -.(! H"!(4# 0C!"!-.(!"!(!' ' 4#(!"#,3 C !(/!'"#"! B.#.!39H!-"#"! 1,4#(! !(/!' "#"! 84#(#.!(.9 D.#! 8##.E 16#.!'()81#-/ -"!(.!("#1 3 (#-'!( !(4#(! "#,3#-/3 ; (#-'!(#-E4#(! "#"!"#,;,#-/ C !(/!'"#"! 83 I(-/ 38-.( -#.13 #-/ 6#.! 4#(!/! '"#"!"# B-#'() -.(

    JKMNOPQ

    VWZ

    JKMNOPQ

    VZ _Zfghijkilnopqrstujvkwxoyzuqu{g|si{yo}gu~xukgoju}iyzul|h{oiy|jhoj{yo}}ilnopq|h

    stvw

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    51/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( " # ) * " + + , " - ' # " % . % '

    / 0 1 4 5 7 6 : ; 6 9 < = > ; ? @ ? = 6 A

    / 5 2 B C D

    1 # ! ) - E F " 5

    G H / F F " 5

    1 5

    I J I / F 5 K L M L N B O P L Q R L Q S T Q L L U V ? W X R L P L Q S T Q L L U V Y Z [ N T R W P [ Q [ S L U

    I F \ 1 5 ] ^ 2 2 ^

    # ' , " - % ) _ # _ 5 ? R [ R L 2 8 ? W X R L P ` N B X L X M [ N M L

    1 % ) E - ) - ' - ' 5 = U [ Q X C L U [ a L C T Q L a b Z [ Q R T R W B C L N L ` R U T ` [ N ` c [ U S L R B R c L O T L d B [ ` R Z [ R B U R B ` N B X L R c L M [ N M L [ R [ a L C T Q L a R T P L

    - ' \ e ) _ ! " # _ 1 + ) ' ) " - " % % ) , e % % J " - % f e - , % / ( E e # _ % J " - ' % , ' ) " - % # f e ) # _ , ' ) " - " , ' _ ' "

    7 Q O Z R 8 9 c [ U S L T Q 9 2 < < B ` c [ U S L g T Q ` N Z a T Q S a B Q h R R U [ Q X C L U B i L U B Z R [ S L j [ T N Z U L B C ` B Q M L U R L U j [ Z N R T Q 9 2 = 2 T X O L U P [ Q L Q R N W ` N B X L a = 3 T X O L U P [ Q L Q R N W B O L Q = 2 C [ Z N R W K T B a L X k K 2 V K D l C [ T N Z U L 8 K T B a L K 2 i T R c B O L Q ` T U ` Z T R g Q B ` Z U U L Q R C N B i X K T B a L K D X c B U R L Q L a g X c B U R ` Z R M T [ K ] R B N B i X T a L B C O T L d B M [ N M L B U M T [ > R B S U B Z Q a 9 3 C [ Z N R W m U B n L Q i T U L X = ] C [ Z N R W > C [ Z N R W = D C [ Z N R W < B C N B i M T [ 9 3 T Q R B O T L d B M [ N M L [ N M L a B L X Q B R ` N B X L g O L U P [ Q L Q R N W B O L Q > L [ ` R T M L P [ R L U T [ N U Z Q Q T Q S T Q R B R c L M L X X L N

    < B Q L ? T R Z [ R T B Q Q B R [ ` ` L O R [ o N L K L X T S Q ` c [ Q S L U L b Z T U L a p T S c q N L M L N [ N [ U P = L X R U B Z R T Q L

    r ^ ? P T R c stvw

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    52/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' ( 7 6 ) * + , - + 6 9 * . / 0 * - 1 1 / 6

    4 & & ' 3 5

    " : ; < = '

    > & ? $ $ @ < < = '

    " A & '

    & A B C @ B D @ $ $ @ < ' E F G H I J K L 1 M N I J K L O P G M I P P J K

    B & & $ < Q " A & ' R S 2 2 S T

    D U V = : W X X ' 1 P 2 8 1 M N I G N N F P G F

    " W ; : : U : U ' / K P N 5 K P 5 Y P M 5 G K P G Z P K J Z H [ P P K G N Z F P G F P P 5 I

    & \ : U Q ] X = X " ^ U = : D = W W V ] W W C = : W _ ] : V W ` ; ] X W C = \ \ : U W A V U = : W _ ] X A V U = : = V U X U =

    7 H 8 9 Z P K J 9 2 * 0 6 K Z P K J Z P 5 9 Z P K J 9 3 Z J Z a P G M F K K / K P N N K / 2 N G N I 9 3 5 P G M , 9 b E 9 F K K G F K N Z J Z F G P J / K P N N K / 2 N G N I a P G M H K / ( [ F P G F G N N P K G K Z P 5 E P I P J H [ F P G F a G c I K N Z c N Z J Z Y P M d K P N N K / N Z P K J N H [ F P G F d . N Z c 1 P

    P H P e G 9 N K Z J Z G F G P G P K I ( K ( K N

    9 Z P K J 9 2 - 6 1 1 - N N Z P K J Z P N H 5 7 N 5 5 P H P M f N N d a P G M N G P 5 P e G d Z P K J N P H H P K N / 2 G N N P K G M / 3 N H P K G M H 7 N 5 5 Z P K J 9 3 + P G F G N N G P K Z P N H 5 . 1 P

    P H P e G , G P K I g S 1 I Z

    hiklmnoppqrqs

    tuuu~ }~u

    fgijk

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    53/60

    0112356738

    ! " # $ % & ' 7 6 ( ) * + , * 6 9 ) - . / ) , 0 1 0 . 6

    % % & 4 5 4

    ! : ; < &

    = % > # # ? ; ; < &

    ! @ % &

    % @ A B ? A C ? # # ? ; & D E F G H I J K 0 L M H I J K N O F L H O O I J

    A % % # ; P ! @ % & Q R 2 2 R S T

    C U V < W X X & 0 O 2 8 0 L M H F M M E O F E

    ! W : U U & . J O M 5 J O 5 Y O L 5 F J O F Z O J I Z G [ O O J F M Z E O F E O O 5 H

    % \ U P ] X < X ! ^ U < C < W W V ] W W B < W _ ] V W ` : ] X W B < \ \ U W @ V U < W _ ] X @ V U < < V U X U ? ? @ A B < A ? 8 C : 7 D C : E B C : : A D : ? : : ; : < = ? F G : H C C C E A ? < < A F 7 A I ? J K C : L : C

    D : ? E : F @ : M : 9 ? ? : A A D : C ? 8 N C C O : A O A ? < < A F P O Q ? : C D : ? C : < O D B < A ?

    R 6

    2 2 8 8 : A C A Q ; : < A C A Q 8 8 : 8 < ? ? A S : I : D T : A C A G : H C C : C C E A ? < < A F : @ : I C A Q C A O : < C E < ? ? K 6 E ? ? C C E ? : ? E I K > @ : @ A F : E : D C 8 C @ B R

    9 ? ? : A A D : C ? 8 C C O : A O A ? < < A F > O C E D F ? C C D ? : E 8 C : 9 ? ? : A A D : 8 D 8 E < : : A : E < 8 ? : I ? 8 D : ? ? < < A F O : A O ? 6 ? ? < C A

    R 6UVXYZ[\]]_

    abbkl jihglkrstuvwuxz{|}~vw{}su{sws{vuxt{uvt{v{uxz{|}t

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    59/60

    0122356789 1 !"#$%& BC@1DD 3F%/G HI! 84@Q4R W."#'(Y/%(%

  • 7/28/2019 BS IEC 61882_2001 - Hazard and Operability Studies

    60/60

    678899703%0()( !2!!! ! ! 2 ! !! ! ; !2 >?@')'/,) ! =2 ! =A ! !!A " = = ! ! =!A 2! C ! DEFGFH AA !! = =A 0.M',N)(+,-+&-) O C!! =A ; ! ; A !2! !! A2A! ! =! B= 3,S/&T+('/,/, 2; ! !A !! ! ! = ; U = ! ! 2= ! DEFGFH = !AA ! ;= ! = ! ! ! V DEFGFH ; ! 2E 5/WM&'N*( 2 = ! 2 :C 2= !2A =! 22=C !A!Z !C22A !AD !2=! = A= !!2A ! A2A ! !CA!Y !DEFGFH[\]acdefghijk

    lmdnojfjp\qhpndr\jsmj\d_jrtnojauvwxyyyqyz{]pd|n}yyvq~_]d_pndrracdefq]t