1 Ultra-flexible fibrous supercapacitors with carbon nanotube/polypyrrole brush-like electrodes Jayesh Cherusseri a and Kamal K. Kar a,b* a Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India. b Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India. *Corresponding Author. Tel: +91-512-2597687, E-mail: [email protected] (Kamal K. Kar) Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) List of Contents Supplementary Methods: MethodS1. Calculation of ionic conductivity of OCNTF/PPY nanocomposite hybrid electrodes. Method S2. Calculation of the cellcapacitance of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor. Method S3.Calculation of thevolume specific capacitance of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor. Method S4. Calculation of thevolume specific energy density of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor. Method S5. Calculation of the gravimetric capacitance of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor. Method S6. Calculation of the gravimetric energy density of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor. Supplementary Figures: Fig. S1. SEM images of OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites prepared by electrochemical deposition. (a) OCNTF-PPY-10, (b) OCNTF-PPY-20, (c) OCNTF-PPY-30, (d) OCNTF- PPY-40, (e) OCNTF-PPY-50 and (f) OCNTF-PPY-60. Fig. S2. Raman spectra of CNTF, OCNTF and OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites. Fig. S3. FTIR spectra of CNTF, OCNTF and OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites. Fig. S4. High resolution XPS spectra of OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites. (a) OCNTF-PPY-10, (b) OCNTF-PPY-20, (c) OCNTF-PPY-30, (d) OCNTF-PPY-40, (e) OCNTF-PPY-50, and (f) OCNTF-PPY-60. (a1-f1) C 1s spectra, (a2-f2) O 1s spectra and (a3-f3) N1s spectra. Fig. S5. Plot of conductivity of CNTF, OCNTF and OCNTF/PPY supercapacitors. Fig. S6. (a) N 2 sorption isotherms and (b) BJH pore-size distribution curve of OCNTF-PPY- 50 nanocomposite sample. Fig. S7. Two-electrode cell CV curves of OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrodes at different scan rates obtained in 1M LiClO 4 acetonitrilic electrolyte. Fig. S8. Plot of variation in the gravimetric energy density at different current densities of the OCNTF-PPY-50 supercapacitor. Fig. S9. Plot of variation in the volume specific energy density at different current densities of the OCNTF-PPY-50 supercapacitor. Fig. S10. Variation in the thermal lifetime of OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite at different temperatures. Fig. S11. EPMA secondary electron image ofOCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrode after completing the cycling test of 5000 cycles. Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016
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Ultra-flexible fibrous supercapacitors with carbon nanotube/polypyrrole brush-like electrodes
Jayesh Cherusseriaand Kamal K. Kara,b*
aAdvanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.bAdvanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
*Corresponding Author. Tel: +91-512-2597687, E-mail: [email protected] (Kamal K. Kar)
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI)List of Contents
Supplementary Methods:MethodS1. Calculation of ionic conductivity of OCNTF/PPY nanocomposite hybrid electrodes.Method S2. Calculation of the cellcapacitance of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.Method S3.Calculation of thevolume specific capacitance of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.Method S4. Calculation of thevolume specific energy density of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.Method S5. Calculation of the gravimetric capacitance of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.Method S6. Calculation of the gravimetric energy density of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.
Supplementary Figures:Fig. S1. SEM images of OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites prepared by electrochemical deposition. (a) OCNTF-PPY-10, (b) OCNTF-PPY-20, (c) OCNTF-PPY-30, (d) OCNTF-PPY-40, (e) OCNTF-PPY-50 and (f) OCNTF-PPY-60.Fig. S2. Raman spectra of CNTF, OCNTF and OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites.Fig. S3. FTIR spectra of CNTF, OCNTF and OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites.Fig. S4. High resolution XPS spectra of OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites. (a) OCNTF-PPY-10, (b) OCNTF-PPY-20, (c) OCNTF-PPY-30, (d) OCNTF-PPY-40, (e) OCNTF-PPY-50, and (f) OCNTF-PPY-60. (a1-f1) C 1s spectra, (a2-f2) O 1s spectra and (a3-f3) N1s spectra.Fig. S5. Plot of conductivity of CNTF, OCNTF and OCNTF/PPY supercapacitors.Fig. S6. (a) N2 sorption isotherms and (b) BJH pore-size distribution curve of OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite sample.Fig. S7. Two-electrode cell CV curves of OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrodes at different scan rates obtained in 1M LiClO4 acetonitrilic electrolyte.Fig. S8. Plot of variation in the gravimetric energy density at different current densities of the OCNTF-PPY-50 supercapacitor.Fig. S9. Plot of variation in the volume specific energy density at different current densities of the OCNTF-PPY-50 supercapacitor.Fig. S10. Variation in the thermal lifetime of OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite at different temperatures.Fig. S11. EPMA secondary electron image ofOCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrode after completing the cycling test of 5000 cycles.
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016
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Fig. S12. EPMA 2D-mapping of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen of the OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrode after completing the cycling test of 5000 cycles.Fig. S13. XPS de-convolution spectra of the OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrode after completing the cycling test of 5000 cycles: (a) C 1s spectra, (b) O 1s spectra and (c) N 1s spectra.
Supplementary methods:
Method S1. Calculation of ionic conductivity of OCNTF/PPY nanocomposite hybrid electrodes.The ionic conductivity of the supercapacitor electrodes is calculated by using the equation
b
Tσ = R X A
Where σ is the ionic conductivity in S/cm, T is the total thickness of the supercapacitor cell (in cm), Rb is the bulk electrolyteresistance (in Ω), and A is the geometrical area of electrodes (in cm2).
Method S2. Calculation of the cellcapacitance of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.The cellcapacitance (Ccell) of the supercapacitor is calculated by using equation
dis
cellItCE
Where, I is the charging current, tdis is the discharging time, and ΔE is the operating potential window.
Method S3. Calculation of thevolume specific capacitance of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.The volume specific capacitance (Ccell,sp,V) of the supercapacitor is calculatedby using the equation
, , 4 cellcell sp V
el
CC XV
Where, Vel is the total volume of two supercapacitor electrodes (the volumes of separator and electrolyteareexcluded).
Method S4. Calculation of thevolume specific energy density of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.The volume specific energy density (EDcell,sp,V) of the supercapacitor is calculated by using the equation
2, ,
, ,
( )
2 3600
cell sp Vcell sp V
C X EED
X
Method S5. Calculation of the gravimetriccapacitance of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.The gravimetriccapacitance (Cm) of the supercapacitor is calculated by using the equation
( )
dis cell
mI X t CCm X E m
Where, ‘m’ is the total mass of electro-active materials (both OCNTF and PPY) in the two electrodes of the supercapacitor (excluding the mass of UCF, separator and electrolyte).
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Method S6. Calculation of the gravimetric energy density of OCNTF/PPY supercapacitor.The gravimetric energy density (EDm) of the supercapacitor is calculated by using the equation
2 ( ) 2 3600
m
mC X EEDX
Supplementary Figures:
Fig. S1. SEM images of OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites prepared by electrochemical deposition. (a) OCNTF-PPY-10, (b) OCNTF-PPY-20, (c) OCNTF-PPY-30, (d) OCNTF-PPY-40, (e) OCNTF-PPY-50 and (f) OCNTF-PPY-60.
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Fig. S2. Raman spectra of CNTF, OCNTF and OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites.
Fig. S3. FTIR spectra of CNTF, OCNTF and OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites.
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Fig. S4. High resolution XPS spectra of OCNTF/PPY nanocomposites. (a) OCNTF-PPY-10, (b) OCNTF-PPY-20, (c) OCNTF-PPY-30, (d) OCNTF-PPY-40, (e) OCNTF-PPY-50, and (f) OCNTF-PPY-60. (a1-f1) C 1s spectra, (a2-f2) O 1s spectra and (a3-f3) N1s spectra.
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Fig. S5. Plot of conductivity of CNTF, OCNTF and OCNTF/PPY supercapacitors.
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Fig. S6. (a) N2 sorption isotherms and (b) BJH pore-size distribution curve of OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite sample.
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Fig. S7.Two-electrode cell CV curves of OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrodes at different scan rates obtained in 1M LiClO4 acetonitrilic electrolyte.
Fig. S8. Plot of variation in the gravimetric energy density at different current densities of the OCNTF-PPY-50 supercapacitor.
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Fig. S9. Plot of variation in the volume specific energy density at different current densities of the OCNTF-PPY-50 supercapacitor.
Fig. S10. Variation in the thermal lifetime of OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite at different temperatures.
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Fig. S11. EPMA secondary electron image ofOCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrode after completing the cycling test of 5000 cycles.
Fig. S12. EPMA 2D mapping of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen of the OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrode after completing the cycling test of 5000 cycles.
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Fig. S13. XPS de-convolution spectra of the OCNTF-PPY-50 nanocomposite electrode after completing the cycling test of 5000 cycles: (a) C 1s spectra, (b) O 1s spectra and (c) N 1s spectra.
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