Drivers of Undernutrition Bruce Cogill Ph.D. Bioversity International Nutrition and Marketing Diversity Programme Leader AIFSC Workshop “Food and nutrition in Eastern and Southern Africa” Nairobi, Kenya 10-11 September 1 CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health
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Bruce Cogill (Bioversity) - Drivers of Undernutrition
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Drivers of Undernutrition
Bruce Cogill Ph.D.Bioversity International
Nutrition and Marketing Diversity Programme LeaderAIFSC Workshop
“Food and nutrition in Eastern and Southern Africa” Nairobi, Kenya
10-11 September
CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health
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Source: Victora CG, de Onis M, Hallal PC, Blössner M, Shrimpton R. Worldwide timing of growth faltering: revisiting implications for interventions using the World Health Organization growth standards. Pediatrics, 2010 (Feb 15 Epub ahead of print)
Mean anthropometric z-scores using the WHO growth standard
Wasting
Underweight
Stunting
Mean WAZ z scores by age using the new WHO standard, according to region (1–59 months)
Source: Victora et al. Worldwide Timing of Growth Faltering: Revisiting Implications for Interventions. Figure 2. Pediatrics 2010;1254
• Environmental (sizeable proportion of land arid and semi-arid, prolonged droughts followed by floods exacerbated by climate change)
• Political (conflicts, poor governance, rent seeking…) Governance
• Behaviours
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All other countries in Blue had improved nutrition during same period as growth rates
Growth analysis from Radelet (2011) CGDEVNutrition data for Underweight and Stunting for same period from UNICEF UNDP
Comparing Under Five Nutrition with Changes in economic well being
No Change in Wt/Age Ht/AgeBurkina Faso, Mali, Mauritius, Lesotho and South Africa
Changes in Underweight in Blue countries was 1.3% per year (1996-2008) to close to zero
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Food Systems, Food Environments, Econutrition
Interrelationships among nutrition, human health, agriculture and food production, environmental health , and economic production
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Underweight and obesity in women in 36 highest-stunting burden countries*
*Data on both underweight and obesity prevalence for adult women were available for 29 countries. Stunting based on infants and children under-five. Source: WHO Global Database on Body Mass Index (2010) http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp