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BRT / Busways and Traffic Safety
Nicolae Duduta, Claudia Adriazola, Dario Hidalgo, Luis Antonio Lindau, Rebecca Jaffe
Transforming Transportation 2012
Claudia Adriazola-DelgadoDirector, Health & Road Safety ProgramTransforming Transportation 2012January, 27th 2012Washington, DC
BRT / Busways and Traffic Safety
Agenda
Background
Methodology
Main findings
Next steps: BRT / Busways Traffic Safety Guidelines
90% of traffic fatalities occur in low and middle-income countries and involve 70% of vulnerable users of the road In cities, the majority of crashes are concentrated on urban arterials, where BRTs and Busways are usually located
BRT / Busways and Road Safety
Background
There is gap in knowledge about how different BRT and Busway design features can impact vulnerable users of the road, in particular pedestrian and traffic safety
BRT / Busways and Traffic Safety Research
• Nicolae Duduta• Claudia Adriazola• Dario Hidalgo• Toni Lindau• Red EMBARQ
Collaboration • SVOW• Consia (Carsten Wass)• iRAP• Universidad Católica de Chile• ITDP • World Bank
Mexico CityGuadalajara
BogotaCuritiba
Porto Alegre
Istanbul
DelhiAhmedabad
Vancouver
Brisbane
Belo HorizontePereiraCali
BRT / Busways and Road Safety
Methodology
Data analysis: Collected and analyzed crash data from bus corridors around the world, including Bogota, Curitiba, Mexico City, Delhi, etc. Developed crash frequency models for bus corridors
BRT / Busways and Road Safety
Methodology
Road safety inspections: Conducted road safety inspections on existing BRT systems Interviewed road safety specialists from different BRT agencies to learn from their experience
Main findings: Overall safety impact of a BRT
Macrobús, Guadalajara
Main findings: Overall safety impact of a BRT
Macrobús, Guadalajara
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Citywide crashes
Before BRT During BRT construc-tion
After start of opera-tions
Main findings: Overall safety impact of a BRT
Macrobús, Guadalajara
1 BRT lane
2 general traffic lanes
5000
3194
Passenger per hour per direction (peak)
1 BRT lane
2 general traffic lanes
6
726
Crashes per year
Main findings: Overall safety impact of a BRT
Av. Caracas, TransMilenio
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100
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Series1 Tendency without TransMilenio Fatalities on corridor Tendency with TransMilenio
Annu
al fa
taliti
es o
n Av
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acas
, Bog
ota
Main findings: Overall safety impact of a BRT / BuswayNot all systems have had a positive impact on safety
Cristiano Machado Busway, Belo Horizonte Corridor with the highest crash frequency citywide
BRTS, DelhiInitial increase in fatalities after the implementation of the bus system
The global picture of safety on BRT and Busways
Fatalities by road user
Pedestrians54%
Car occupants23%
Motorcyclists10%
Bicyclists5% Other
7%
The safest place to be on a bus corridor is inside the bus The most dangerous: walking to the bus station
The global picture of safety on BRT and Busways
Location of pedestrian crashes
Av. Caracas, TransMilenio
Metrobus Line 2, Mexico City
Porto Alegre, Brazil
Main findingsFactors influencing crash frequencies on bus corridors
Overall road and intersection geometry
Counterflow
Location of bus lanes (median or curbside)
Factors influencing crash frequencies
Street width and intersection size and complexity
Metrobus Line 1, Mexico City
Road width and complexity of intersections are the most important predictors of crash frequencies.
Factors influencing crash frequencies
Counterflow
Counterflow lanes were strongly correlated with higher crash frequencies across all our models (p<0.001)
Factors influencing crash frequencies
Location of bus lanes
Safety issues on center-lane systems
Illegal left turns and lane use
Safety issues on curbside bus corridors
Pedestrians and cyclists in the bus lanes
Av. Caracas, TransMilenio
Metrobus Line 2, Mexico City
Safety issues on curbside bus corridors
Right turns across the bus lanes
Av. Caracas, TransMilenio
Metrobus Line 2, Mexico City
The global picture of safety on BRT and Busways
Cyclists using the bus lanes
Av. Caracas, TransMilenio
Metrobus Line 2, Mexico City
Cyclists perceive the bus lanes as safer than the general traffic lanes, and often prefer to use them But the lanes are not designed to accommodate both buses and bicycles, and there have been serious crashes involving BRTs and bikes Metrobus, in Mexico City, has reported a growing problem with BRT / bicycle crashes