IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH EAST ASIA ICT and Development Section ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway Steering Group Meeting & 7 th Meeting of the Working Group on the Asian Highway Network Bangkok, 12-13 December 2017
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Broadband Connectivity in ESCAP Subregions · 2019-02-05 · IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITYTHROUGH THE ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY Outline: 1. South East Asia
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IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY IN
SOUTH EAST ASIA
ICT and Development Section
ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division
Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway Steering Group Meeting & 7th
Meeting of the Working Group on the Asian Highway Network
Bangkok, 12-13 December 2017
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Outline:
1. South East Asia
a) Trends in broadband connectivity
b) Ongoing studies and way forward
2. South and South-West Asia
a) Trends in broadband connectivity
b) Key Issues for policymakers
3. North and Central Asia & East & North-
East Asia
a) Trends in broadband connectivity
b) Main findings from ESCAP studies in the subregions
2
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Trends in Fixed-Broadband connectivity
3
Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
4
Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/wtid.aspx0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
AfghanistanTurkmenistan
TajikistanTimor-Leste
Kiribati
Papua New GuineaSolomon Islands
MyanmarLao P.D.R.CambodiaPakistan
NepalIndonesiaSamoaIndiaFiji
Vanuatu
Marshall IslandsTonga
BangladeshSri LankaMicronesiaPhilippines
BhutanUzbekistanKyrgyzstan
PalauMaldives
MongoliaBrunei Darussalam
Viet NamMalaysiaThailandArmenia
TuvaluIran (I.R.)Turkey
KazakhstanGeorgia
French Polynesia
ChinaRussian Federation
AzerbaijanNew Caledonia
SingaporeAustralia
Macao, ChinaJapan
New ZealandHong Kong, China
Korea (Rep.)
Fixed Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100)
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
5
Trends in Mobile- Broadband connectivity
Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).
0
50
100
150
Mo
bil
e-b
road
band s
ub. per
100 i
nhabit
ants
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Year
Africa ASEAN
ESCAP Europe
North America Latin America & Caribbean
ESCAP excl. ASEAN
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
6
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Kiribati
Brunei Darussalam
Afghanistan
Papua New Guinea
India
Samoa
Turkmenistan
Solomon Islands
Tajikistan
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Lao P.D.R.
Sri Lanka
Iran (I.R.)
Nepal
French Polynesia
Uzbekistan
Tonga
Myanmar
Kyrgyzstan
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
Armenia
Vanuatu
Philippines
Indonesia
Cambodia
Fiji
Georgia
Turkey
China
Bhutan
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Maldives
Russian Federation
Thailand
Mongolia
Malaysia
Hong Kong, China
Korea (Rep.)
Australia
New Zealand
Japan
Singapore
Macao, China
Mobile Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100)
Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/wtid.aspx
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Broadband Affordability
7
0 5 10 15 20
Myanmar
Cambodia
Lao P.D.R.
Indonesia
Philippines
Thailand
Malaysia
Brunei Darussalam
Singapore
Price as % of GNI p.c.
0 1 2 3 4 5
Lao P.D.R.
Myanmar
Philippines
Indonesia
Thailand
Cambodia
Malaysia
Brunei Darussalam
Singapore
Price as % of GNI p.c.
Fixed Broadband Mobile Broadband
Source : Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU Measuring the Information Society Report
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Online services versus telecommunications infrastructure in South-
East Asia and developing countries in 2008 and 2014
Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from the United Nations Public Administration Country Studies/E-Government Development Index Database (accessed
April 2016).
8
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Projected bandwidth demand
Source: ESCAP, “Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific”, 2016.
Source: ESCAP, “Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific”, 2016.
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Good submarine cable connectivity, but need more
• Asia Africa Europe-1 (AAE-1) : connect Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia(Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore and Viet Nam)
• Southeast Asia-US (SEA-US) : Manado (Indonesia), Davao (Southern Philippines), Piti (Guam), Honolulu and California (USA)
• Asia-Pacific Gateway (APG) : Malaysia, Singapore, Viet Nam, Hong Kong (China), Taiwan (China), Mainland China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea
• Some trans‐border terrestrial links are still weak or insufficient : eg. Lao PDR and the Yunnan Province of China; and Viet Nam and the Yunnan Province
• Insufficient Internet Exchange Point (IXP) and direct exchange of traffic, causing unnecessary routing of traffic through international transit, incurring costs as well as increasing latency and reducing speed
11
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
On going studies• ESCAP was invited to ASEAN Telecommunications Senior Officials
Meeting (TELSOM) in November 2016
- discussed the AP-IS pre-feasibility study findings on the ASEAN
subregion and the way forward
- Southern corridor to focus on digital economy and application level.
- Northern corridor of CLMV countries to focus on connectivity
• Update to the pre-feasibility study: ongoing
• Research on co-deployment of optical-fibre cables along with the
other infrastructure (especially Asian Highway)
- to promote cross-sectoral synergies, reducing time and costs in
developing broadband infrastructure
• ESCAP was invited to ASEAN Telecommunications Senior Officials
Meeting (TELSOM) in November 2017, Cambodia.
12
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY IN
SOUTH & SOUTH-WEST ASIA
ICT and Development Section
ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division
Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway Steering Group Meeting & 7th
Meeting of the Working Group on the Asian Highway Network
Bangkok, 12-13 December 2017
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Outline:
1. Trends in broadband connectivity
2. Key Issues for policymakers
14
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
26
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
AfghanistanTurkmenistan
TajikistanTimor-Leste
Kiribati
Papua New GuineaSolomon Islands
MyanmarLao P.D.R.CambodiaPakistan
NepalIndonesiaSamoaIndiaFiji
Vanuatu
Marshall IslandsTonga
BangladeshSri LankaMicronesiaPhilippines
BhutanUzbekistanKyrgyzstan
PalauMaldives
MongoliaBrunei Darussalam
Viet NamMalaysiaThailandArmenia
TuvaluIran (I.R.)Turkey
KazakhstanGeorgia
French Polynesia
ChinaRussian Federation
AzerbaijanNew Caledonia
SingaporeAustralia
Macao, ChinaJapan
New ZealandHong Kong, China
Korea (Rep.)
Fixed Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100)
Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/wtid.aspx
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
27
Trends in Mobile- Broadband connectivity
Source: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database (2017).
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
28
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Kiribati
Brunei Darussalam
Afghanistan
Papua New Guinea
India
Samoa
Turkmenistan
Solomon Islands
Tajikistan
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Lao P.D.R.
Sri Lanka
Iran (I.R.)
Nepal
French Polynesia
Uzbekistan
Tonga
Myanmar
Kyrgyzstan
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
Armenia
Vanuatu
Philippines
Indonesia
Cambodia
Fiji
Georgia
Turkey
China
Bhutan
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Maldives
Russian Federation
Thailand
Mongolia
Malaysia
Hong Kong, China
Korea (Rep.)
Australia
New Zealand
Japan
Singapore
Macao, China
Mobile Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100)
Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/wtid.aspx
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
29
Broadband affordability in NCA
Source : Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU Measuring the Information Society Report
Fixed Broadband Mobile Broadband
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Broadband affordability and fixed
broadband subscriptions
30
Sources: Produced by ESCAP, based on data sourced from ITU World Telecommunications/ICT Indicators Database
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Regulations and Broadband Access
• There is a strong correlation between the perceptions on
quality of regulations (World Bank – World Governance
Indicators) and fixed-broadband subscriptions.
Better quality of
regulation
instills certainty
in an
investment
environment,
which
encourages
private
operators to
invest more.
31
Source: ESCAP. (2016). The State of ICT in Asia and the Pacific: Uncovering the Widening Broadband Divide.
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
Online Services & Telecommunications
Infrastructure Indices
32
Source: ESCAP. (2016). The State of ICT in Asia and the Pacific: Uncovering the Widening Broadband Divide.
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
Forecasted international bandwidth in North and Central Asia, 2015-2026
Internet Corporate data
Voice
Source: ESCAP, “Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific”, 2016.
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
35
Broadband Drivers in developed in Rep. of
Korea and Japan.
Consistent & Strong Policies
• Government set up goal, directions, implementation frameworks and financing methods critical to the development of national ICT infrastructure.
• Take part in all processes of developing national infrastructure as a control tower from planning to implementation
Stimulating the participation from the private sector
• Initial demand generation and a rapid expansion of informatization in the public sector.
• Funding via Public-Private Partnership (PPP), especially in rural area.
• well-balanced virtuous cycle between supply-side and demand-generating policies
Promoting Market competitions
• Encouraged market competition using liberalizing market entry
• Ease entry restriction for new entrants and to formulate an environment for fair competition, such as enhancing regulation on Interconnection and Infrastructure sharing
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
A Study on the Belt and Road initiative to connect
China and Central Asia
36
Logical Network Topology in China-Central Asia
To connect countries
along the Belt and
Road, Kazakhstan
and Urumqi are
selected to be the
core nodes for both
intra- and inter-
corridor connectivity,
because of their
strong international
connectivity
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE
ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
A Study on the Belt and Road initiative to connect
China and Central Asia
37
Physical Network Topology in China-Central Asia
Two cross-border
fibre-optic routes in
this topology are not
currently present
- Pakistan-Urumqi
- Azerbaijan-
Kazakhstan.
IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE