Ammar Latif, Principal Systems Engineer, SalesRahul Parameswaran, Technical Marketing Engineer
BRKDCN-2219
Data Center Design for Media and Entertainment Networks
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Cisco Webex Teams
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Who Are the Presenters?
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Ammar LatifPrincipal Engineer – Media
Rahul Parameswaran Technical Marketing Engineer – INSBU
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• Digital Disruption In Media
• SMPTE 2110 and Move from SDI to IP
• Cisco’s IP Fabric for Media
• Time Synchronization with PTP
• Post Production workflows
• Architectures and Customer Deployments
5
Agenda
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Media Workflows Reimagined
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Capturing New Transitions
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Transition to IP from SDI
10110101 1001010110101010101010
• Ready for today’s new formats and data rates
• Increased bandwidth with Ethernet• Deterministic networking
x86 Workloads
• Move away from specialized, dedicated, expensive HW
• Towards general purpose, low cost compute and storage
Cloud Architectures
• Software Defined Networking (SDN), not manual
• Application Policy Driven Infrastructure • Composable pools of resources
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PRODUCTION POST-PROD PLAYOUTGRAPHICS
fxDISTRIBUTION
Reimagine Your Broadcast Workflow
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GV Convergent
Imagine SDNO
REST REST REST
Cisco IP Fabric for Media
REST
Nevion Video IPathLawo VSM
REST
REST EVS S-Core Master
Evertz Magnum
• Open Scalable SMPTE 2110 Network• SDI-to-IP Network Infrastructure • Fully Non-Blocking Multicast Architecture• Open APIs• Multicast Flow Visibility • Realtime Telemetry & Analytics
Live Studio Production Infrastructure
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Cisco IP Fabric for Media
versio SNP100Selenio
• ST-2110 and ST-2022-6/7 Network• AES 67 Audio• DANTE Audio• Mixed workflows (Streaming + File Based)• Compressed (MPEG, ABR, J2K)
Production Control Room
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Cisco IP Fabric for Media
versio SNP100Selenio
• Master Control Facility Operations• Compressed / Uncompressed Workflows• AES67 / DANTE Audio• Disaster Recovery• Playout• Program Replacement / Insertion
Master Control Infrastructure
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Objective: Replace SDI Router with IP Fabric
Cameras and Microphones
Graphic Systems
Remote Source
Playout
Video Switcher
Audio Mixer
Monitoring Systems
Multiviewer
Video Router
Video ServerRelay and Clips
Control Systems with Control Panel
REST API
Network Controller
IP Fabric
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Industry Challenges and Requirements
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Unchanged Operator Workflow
Zero Packet LossReservation of network resources across redundant paths for zero congestion loss
Video/ Audio End Point Sync Precision Timing and Synchronization
Fast SwitchingSwitching streams with minimal delay
System AvailabilitySame or better than SDI-based system
Network SecurityProtect network operations from any malicious attacks
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Relevant Standards and Industry Specifications
• SMPTE ST 2022-6 : SDI Over IP. Composite Media
• SMPTE ST 2110 suite: SDI to IP Essence-based media
• SMPTE ST 2059-2: Timing. Based on IEEE1588
• SMPTE ST 2022-7 : Redundancy
• AMWA NMOS: • IS-04: Device Registration and Discovery• IS-05: Connection Management: Connection mgmt between sender and receiver• IS-06 Network Control API (Work-in-progress): SDN API for Network Services
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SMPTE ST 2110
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• Composite to Essence + Timing
VideoHANCAudio
VANCAncillary Data
VANCAncillary Data
Video
SMPTE ST 2022-6 (SDI over IP)
SMPTE ST 2110
Straight encapsulation of SDI frames into 1428 byte IP packet
2110-20
2110-40
2110-30
HANC Audio2110-30
PTP
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Rich Ecosystem of Broadcast Vendors
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and more …..
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Routing in SDI world
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Video Router
SRC DST
Broadcast Controller
-SDI router sets up path
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SMPTE 2110 End Points
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• Native IP Support• Cameras• Playout Systems
• Connect directly to the fabric
• SDI endpoints
• Legacy
• Requires IPGs
• IPGs can become SDI aggregation point
Connectivity Per flow 1.5, 3 or 12Gbps Per Port 10, 25, 40, 50 or 100Gbps
IPGSDI IPA
B
IPGIPG
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Destination Timed Switching
21
Src Dst
Broadcast Controller
-BC instructs destination to switch using IS-05 or other control means-End Point requests path setup using IGMP-Network Fabric protocols sets up path
IGMP
IP Fabric
Dst
Broadcast Controller
-BC instructs destination to switch using IS-05 or other control means and instructs the destination network switch to route new flow using API (in parallel)-Network Fabric protocols sets up path
IP Fabric
Dst
Broadcast Controller
-BC instructs destination to switch using IS-05 or other control means and instructs the source, spine and destination network switch to route new flow using API (in parallel)-BC sets up the end to end path (no network fabric protocols involved)
IP Fabric
SrcSrc
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Deployment Options for IP Fabric
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Single Modular Chassis Flexible Spine and Leaf Fabric
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Hybrid Spine and Leaf
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Endpoints on Spine
1.5G HD 3G HD 12G UHD
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1.5G HD 3G HD 12G UHD
Layer 3 IP Fabric – Building Blocks
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PIM for Multicast Routing
IGMP
Layer 3 Uplinks
IGP
ip pim rp-address 10.237.1.1 group-list 224.0.0.0/4
ip pim rp-address 10.237.1.1 group-list 224.0.0.0/4
interface Ethernet1/1ip pim sparse-mode
interface Ethernet1/1ip igmp version 3ip igmp immediate-leaveip igmp suppress v3-gsq
interface Ethernet1/1ip router ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0
QoS
policy-map type queuing PRIORITY
class type queuing c-out-8q-q7
priority level 1
<snip>
class type queuing c-out-8q-q5
bandwidth remaining percent 10
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What Defines the Topology?
• Unlike how SDI routers were defined (example:1024x1024), IP Fabrics are defined based on type of end points and their port requirements
• Consider the following example• Gateways ; Ports Required 36x40G• IP Camera’s ; Ports Required 150x10G• Audio, Intercomm ; Ports Required 50x1G Copper ports
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Design : Bandwidth Consideration
Bandwidth from Leaf to each Spine > Bandwidth of senders on that leaf
Bandwidth from Leaf to all Spines (aggregate) > Bandwidth of receivers on that leaf
Non Blocking CLOS Architecture
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Design
• 9336FX2 can be used as a Leaf for 40G Gateways• Each supports up to 25x40G end point and requires 10x100G uplink
• 93180YC-EX/FX can be used as a Leaf for 10G Camera’s• Each supports up to 48x10G end points and requires 6x100G uplinks
• 9348FXP can be used as a Leaf for 1G Audio/Intercomm• Each supports up to 48x1/10G T end points with 2x100G uplinks
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End Points Platform/Quantity Number of Uplinks
Gateways-36x40G 9336FX2/2 20x100G
Camers-160x10G 93180-EX/4 24x100G
Audio and InterComm-
70x1G9348FXP 2x100G
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Network Topology
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9336Leaf 1
9336Leaf 2
93180Leaf 3
93180Leaf 4
93180Leaf 5
93180Leaf 6
9348Leaf 7
9348Leaf 8
9508Spine
10x100G Uplinks from each 9336 Leaf
6x100G Uplinks from each 93180 Leaf
2x100G Uplinks from each 9348 Leaf
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• Protocol Independent Multicast(PIM) enables multicast routing across subnets/networks.
• When multiple path exist between Source and Receivers , traffic is load balanced (ECMP)
• ECMP uses hashing to determine which path is used for a flow
Multicast Routing – PIM and ECMP
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PIM ECMP and Load Balancing
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S1 S2 S3 S4 R1(S1) R2(S2) R3(S3) R4(S4)
ECMP hashing could result in traffic loss as it is not bandwidth aware!
There is a need for Intelligent Multicast Transport
UHD Video 12GAudio 1MbpsCC 100kbps
SMPTE 2110
40G Link
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Cisco’s Non Blocking Multicast (NBM)
• NBM brings bandwidth awareness to PIM
• Traffic load balanced using flow bandwidth as a parameter
• Prevents link oversubscription by ensuring flows more than link capacity is not sent
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PIM ECMP with NBM
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S1 S2 S3 S4 R1(S1) R2(S2) R3(S3) R4(S4)
NBM Brings Bandwidth Awareness to PIM ECMP
UHD Video 12GAudio 1MbpsCC 100kbps
SMPTE 2110
40G Link
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• NBM active mode (default)
• NBM orchestrates flows in the fabric
• NBM finds and programs a optimized non-blocking path from source to destination
• Destination either use IGMP or Broadcast controller uses API to request for traffic
NBM modes
• NBM passive mode (shipping starting 9.3(2))
• NBM exposes API using which external controller can program end to end flow path from source to destination
PIM+NBM signaling between switches
Broadcast Controller
API
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NBM for Endpoint Bandwidth Protection
• NBM tracks flows a receiver is subscribed to
• If operator accidently routes more sources to receiver than interface capacity – NBM gracefully denies the request
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3x3G flow on 10G lane Join request for 4th source
NBM denies the request
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Configuration Snippet – PIM and NBM
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feature pimfeature msdpfeature ospf
ip pim rp-address 192.168.100.1 group-list 224.0.0.0/4
router ospf 1
interface Ethernet1/33ip address 192.168.1.1/31ip router ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0ip pim sparse-modeno shutdown
feature pimip pim rp-address 192.168.100.1 group-list 224.0.0.0/4
interface Ethernet1/49ip address 192.168.1.0/31ip router ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0ip pim sparse-modeno shutdown
nbm flow-policypolicy Anc_1bandwidth 10000 kbpsip group 239.100.160.221
policy Audio_1bandwidth 40000 kbpsip group-range 239.30.11.1 to 239.30.11.10
policy Video_1bandwidth 1500000 kbpsip group-range 239.20.11.1 to 239.20.11.10
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IP Fabric for Media – Solution Components
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Cisco Nexus
9300-EX/FX/FX2 Series
9500 -R Series
+Cisco DCNM software
(Optional)
9200 Series
Cisco Nexus 9000 Series
From Cisco’s Data Center Portfolio
NX-OS : NBM Process
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DCNM Media Controller
• Fabric Bootstrap : Day 0 Provisioning
• Topology and Endpoint Visibility
• End to End Flow Visualization
• Policy Manager
• API Gateway for Broadcast Controller
• Network Health Monitoring
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DCNM and NBM
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NBM Process streams state information to DCNM using Streaming Telemetry
DCNM uses NXAPI REST to push policies/configuration to switch
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Topology Discovery
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Endpoint Discovery
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NBM Streams Endpoint Information to DCNM
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Flow Visualization
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Security
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Define flow sizeSender policing & shapingMonitor packet drops
Permit/Deny end pointsWhite list policyBlack list policy
Monitor flow statsNotify packet drops
Notify security events
Sender to mcast groupReceiver to mcast groupFlow
AuthorizationAdmission
Control
Analytics &NotificationsFlow Policing
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Flow Policy
• Flow Policy defines bandwidth and QoSparameters for flow
• NBM programs a policer that ensures traffic from an endpoint does not exceed what is allowed in the policy
• NBM uses bandwidth parameter in flow policy to determine bandwidth reservation in the fabric
For Bandwidth Reservation and Securing Network Bandwidth
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3Gbps
12Gbps
policy Videobandwidth 3000000 kbpsip group-range 239.1.1.0 to 239.1.1.255
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Host Policy
• With SDI security was not an issue
• With IP anyone with an IP device can send and IGMP join and subscribe to a feed or spoof a source
• Host Policy provides ability to restrict a sender to send to certain flow(s) or a receiver to subscribe to a certain flow(s)
Authorizing Endpoint to Send or Receive Traffic
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Join request239.1.1.1
Join request239.1.1.2
nbm host-policyreceiverdefault deny5 host 100.1.18.2 group 239.1.1.1/32 permit
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Cisco IP Fabric for MediaResponse to Industry’s Challenges and Requirement
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Non-Blocking FabricLow Latency
1/10/25/40/100 Gbps
Plug-n-PlayDay 0 Deployment
Image and Configuration Updates
Visibility and AnalyticsInformation Rich TopologyFlow VisibilityFlow Statistics
HA & ScaleSpine-Leaf TopologyFlow MigrationMulticast and PTP Scaling
SecurityEndpoint Admission Control
Flow AuthorizationFlow Policing
Open StandardsSMPTE 2022-6SMPTE 2110PTP – SMPTE 2059-2, AES67AMWA Network Control REST API
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Spine
Leaf Leaf Leaf
XP UCIP
GV Node
IPFM
Legacy SDI Layer
VLINK
DCNMMedia Controller
Spine
Control PlaneMedia APIs/NXAPI/Netconf
Broadcast Controllers
54
Video IPATH
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IP Fabric with Redundant Networks
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Fabric A Fabric B
End Points
• Two Independent Fabric• Two Independent Network Controller• Single Broadcast Controller• End point connected to both fabrics
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IP Fabric for Media – Distributed Studios
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Broadcast Controller
Network Controller
IP Fabric
• Studios spread across buildings/locations • Have Leaf Switches at Each Studio• Aggregate it to Centrally Located Spine
Master Control Room
Studio A Studio B Studio C
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Multi Site – Remote Leaf
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Main Site
End Points
• Remote Leaf Suitable when number of end point in Remote Site Small• Most Traffic is sent to Main Site
End Points
Remote Leaf
Challenges:• Latency in Control Network between Network Controller and Remote Leaf• How will Broadcast Controller control end points in Remote Site• Needs dark fiber (No Service provided or router in between remote leaf and Spine)• PTP distribution : GM in main site
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Multi-Site and PIM Border
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• Multi-Site and PIM Border is a feature with which the IPFM fabric can interconnect with another site / external PIM Router
• Uses border-leaf to interconnect with an external site/router
• The sites that are interconnected work independently.
Full Mesh MSDP
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PIM Border
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Site A
Layer 3 ports
External PIM Network
ExS ExR
Full Mesh MSDP
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Timing in SDI world
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IEEE 1588-2008 Precision Time Protocol
• Two Way Time Transfer protocol (TWTT)
• Accuracy in a well designed E2E model in the nanosecond range
• Boundary Clocks (BC) and Transparent Clocks (TC) aim correcting delay variations, in both directions (asymmetry)
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Ordinary Clock Leaf Slave
OrdinaryClock
grandmasterTransparent
ClockBoundary
Clock
RecoveredClock
PTPPTP
PTP
ReferenceClock
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PTP Considerations
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GM
Leaf
Spine
Leaf
Transparent ClockGM
Leaf
Spine
Leaf
Boundary Clock
Better Scale Lower Load on the GM
SyncDelay RequestDelay Response
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PTP profiles for media & broadcast
• AES67 (Audio driven)• Based on IEEE 1588-2008 default profile /w specific message rates
• Announce: 1 {0,4}• Sync: -3 {-4,1}• DelayReq: 0 {-3,Sync +5}*
• Allow all devices to be either Master or Slave• Multicast messages only• Default PTP domain: 0 {0-255}
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PTP profiles for media & broadcast
• SMPTE 2059 (Video driven)• Based on a 5 sec fast locking requirement for endpoints /w spec rates
• Announce: -2 {-3,1}• Sync: -3 {-7,-1}• DelayReq: 0 {Sync +0, Sync +5}
• Default Slave mode unless can operate as Master• Additional PTP TLV with media specific information
• Daily Jam Time, Default Frame rate, …
• Supports Multicast, Mixed (Mcast/Ucast) and Unicast modes• Default PTP domain: 127 {0-127}
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Providing Multiple PTP Profiles
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GM
Leaf
Spine
Leaf
Boundary Clock
SyncDelay RequestDelay Response
1588v2ST2059 AES67
1588v2
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PTP for Redundant Fabrics
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With PTP Feeder Switches
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PTP for Redundant Fabrics
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Without PTP Feeder Switches
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PTP and Multi Site
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• Keep PTP separated between sites• Ensure the GMs at all sites are synced to GPS• Signal going from one site to another may need to be re-clocked
No PTP Extension
GPS GPSGPS GPS
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Checking PTP at the Switch
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• show ptp brief
• show ptp clock
• show ptp parent
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Checking PTP Messages at the Switch Port
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• sh ptp port interface ethernet 1/x counters
• sh ptp corrections
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DCNM PTP Monitoring
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Answering Industry Challenges
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Precision Time for Synchronization
Deterministic Network(Zero Packet Loss, Ultra Low Latency and Minimal Jitter)
Network Security
Unchanged Operator Workflow
System Availability
SDI-basedVideo Router
IP Network
SMPTE 2059-2, AES67 profile
Non Blocking Network Design with Bandwidth Aware Flow
Setup
Flow and Host Policies
Integration with Broadcast Controllers
Redundant Network (-7)
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WAN Router
Media DC Remote Production
Border Leaf
WAN link
Media Controller
PacketLoss
Video Troubleshooting (Today)
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MPLS
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RTP Flow Monitoring
• Detect gaps in RTP flows• uncompressed flows like SMPTE 2110-20• compressed flows MPEG-4,H.264 etc.
• Leveraging Cisco’s Nexus 9000 Cloud Scale ASIC capability• ASIC can inspect every packet of every flow (up
to 24k per switch)• Parses up to 128B of packet header to detect
gaps in RTP flow
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IP UDP RTP SMPTE 2110 Payload
RTP headers include a sequence number which can be used to track loss
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WAN Router
Media DC Remote Production
Border Leaf
WAN link
Media Controller
PacketLoss
No RTP drops
Reports
Report RTP
Drops
Media Network Insights
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Best of Show
MPLS
RTP Flow
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RTP Flow Monitor
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!Configurationfeature netflowip flow rtp
show flow rtp details -- Displays all active flows detected by the ASIC
RTP Flow timeout is 1440 minutesIPV4 EntriesSIP DIP BD ID S-Port D-Port Intf/Vlan Name Packet Count BytesPerSec FlowStart192.168.21.2 239.20.13.1 4139 5500 20000 Ethernet1/34 181699102492 157943157 22:25:08 UTC May 22 2019192.168.100.164 239.101.160.22 4138 50000 20000 Ethernet1/33 41719636319 76983505 06:21:29 UTC May 30 2019192.168.21.2 239.30.21.1 4141 5500 20000 Ethernet1/36 1388462946 299999 22:25:10 UTC May 22 2019192.168.21.2 239.40.21.1 4141 5500 20000 Ethernet1/36 84118756 30686 22:25:11 UTC May 22 2019
show flow rtp errors active – Displays flows currently impacted
RTP Flow timeout is 1440 minutesIPV4 EntriesSIP DIP BD ID S-Port D-Port Intf/Vlan Name Packet Count BytesPerSec FlowStart Packet Loss Loss Start Loss End192.168.21.2 239.20.13.1 4150 5500 20000 Ethernet1/50 99709154952 157932128 06:21:22 UTC May 30 2019 56853 04:18:34 UTC Jun 08 2019 N/A
Leaf1# show flow rtp errors history –- Displays historic information of flows that where impacted and the time of impact (24hr on box history)
RTP Flow timeout is 1440 minutesIPV4 EntriesSIP DIP BD ID S-Port D-Port Intf/Vlan Name Packet Count BytesPerSec FlowStart Packet Loss Loss Start Loss End192.168.21.2 239.20.13.1 4150 5500 20000 Ethernet1/50 99713271686 157931882 06:21:22 UTC May 30 2019 307773 04:18:34 UTC Jun 08 2019 04:19:02 UTC Jun 08 2019192.168.21.2 239.20.13.1 4150 5500 20000 Ethernet1/50 97761927229 157931915 06:21:22 UTC May 30 2019 27295 00:07:48 UTC Jun 08 2019 00:07:48 UTC Jun 08 2019
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DCNM – RTP Flow Monitoring
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• DCNM overlays end to end path of flow and the point in the network where loss is detected
• Time spent on troubleshooting flow loss goes from several hours to seconds!
Leveraging Telemetry – Nexus9k notifies DCNM when a loss is detected
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Major US Broadcaster
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News Rooms, Converged Infrastructure
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OB Van / Production Truck
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• Live UHD broadcast from IP-enabled truck• Grass Valley IP Camera and GV Node• World’s first live 4K UHD broadcast• Platform: N9508
• UK Premier League broadcast with BT Sport
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Master Control Room – Major US Broadcaster
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Event Live Production and Playout
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• Cisco on Cisco Story• Internal customer for
IPFM• All IP Studio
Production• Platform: N9300
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Playout
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• Another common use case
• Platform: N9300 and N9508 - Spine and Leaf
Multi-Site
• Connect multiple locations via dark fiber
• Platform: N9300 and N9508
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PRODUCTION POST-PROD PLAYOUTGRAPHICS
fxDISTRIBUTION
Reimagine Your Broadcast Workflow
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Graphic Intensive Workflows
Cisco IP Fabric for Media
Cisco Hyperflex
• Graphics Production • VFX • Compositing / Overlays• Rendering• Real-time GFX Processing
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Network control
Graphics Storage
ST2110
Graphics and
EditingST
2110
LinkLLQ
ControlFiles / Editing
SMPTE 2110
QueuesService Classes
Best Effort
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Prioritizing LIVE (Multicast) over File(Unicast/TCP)
• The solution allows LIVE workflow to co-exist with file based workflows
• NBM places the flows in priority queue
• User defined QOS policies are used to classify and place unicast or file based traffic in low priority queues
• Allows a certain percentage of bandwidth to be reserved for unicast
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PRODUCTION POST-PROD PLAYOUTGRAPHICS
fxDISTRIBUTION
Reimagine Your Broadcast Workflow
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Multicast Challenges
• No RIRs / DNS• No address ownership
• Multi-Tenancy
• Administrative domains• Overlap of addresses
• Security
• IGMP support
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Service Providers
ProductionDC
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Multicast Address Translation
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S2,G2S1,G1
Multicast NAT
Service Providers
ProductionDC
Translate Source, Group , and L4 portProgramable through APIs
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Egress Multicast Address Translation
103BRKDCN-2219
S1,G1
S2,G2
S3,G3
S4,G4
Service Providers
ProductionDC
Translate Source, Group , and L4 portProgramable through APIsScales to 1000s of entries
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
NAT for Destination Control
104BRKDCN-2219
S2,G2S1,G1 S3,G3
Switch changes Multicast mappingS1,G1 > S3,G3S2,G2 > S3,G3
Destination static join to S3,G3
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary and Call to Action
• IP Fabric is the Next Gen Digital Glue for Media DC
• Spine Leaf Distributed Architecture • IP Fabric for Media• Multicast rich
• SDN Controller for Deterministic and Secure Media Fabric
• Automation and Streaming Telemetry
106BRKDCN-2219
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Useful Resource
• Cisco Media page @ http://www.cisco.com/go/media
• IP Fabric for Media on Cisco.com• Cisco IP Fabric for Media Design Guide • Precision Time Protocol for Timing in IP Fabric for Media Guide
• DCNM Page
107BRKDCN-2219
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© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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109BRKDCN-2219
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