Bringing the Net Effect to 700 million Rural Indians Let us Integrate rural India into mainstream economy Prof. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, Chennai [email protected]
Dec 31, 2015
Bringing the Net Effectto 700 million Rural Indians
Let us Integrate rural India into mainstream economy
Prof. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, [email protected]
Rural Magic !!
The next few slides are true stories which have “magically” impacted the lives of
people in villages
Palaniammal’s eyes…
A 60 year old from a village near Melur
Photographs by an ordinary web camera:Remote feedback given by Aravind Eye hospital
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 4
Agricultural Consultancy
An Okra crop saved Top: Diseased with
yellow mosaic Below : Post treatment
Saving of Rs 140,000 for the farmers
Cost of information Rs 20
Built huge trust in the system
The Vet is on the Net ...
•This goat had a wound near its mouth and could not eat for a week
• The advice from the doctor cured its problem in 2 days
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 6
Remote Cardiac care
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 7
Net Meeting : The Power of Visual Communication
The Power of Visual Communication
A Doctor in Madurai talking to patients in Ulaganathapuram
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 8
Emergencies are no longer Calamities …
In the village of T Ulgapitchanpatti, all hens are dying one by one. The symptoms for these hens are: First, their weight reduces and finally, their necks shrink. At this stage they die immediately. Until now, 300 hens have died in this way. How do we stop this? Please give us a solution immediately. From A. Sakkarai"
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 9
… because Help is at Hand
A visit from the Government Veterinary Officials to vaccinate all hens
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 10
Epidemics can be prevented with a Doctor on Call
A potential epidemic of Chicken Pox was halted by a simple email to the right people
Instant response from the Government Doctors
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 11
Empowerment of People- Attapatti
Veeramani, a man with disabilities, used to operate the pump for the Village Overhead Tank
The Village Head removed him from his job and gave the post to one of his relatives
Through the kiosk, he sent an email petition to the Chief Minister’s Cell, attaching his photograph
He got his job back !
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 12
Inter Village Singing Competition
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 13
In essence
Information and access to information leads to a significant increase in the quality of life People pay for improvements in quality of
life This makes it a sustainable option
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 14
How does one connect Rural India?
India has 600,000+ villages 700 million people
(under 1000 people per village)
Can Rural India afford Connections?
Needs Technology Sustainable Business Model Organisation which thinks and acts Rural
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 15
Innovative Technology to connect Rural India
To PSTN
To Internet35/70 kbps Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone
• Rs 7500 - 10000 per line price
•1 million lines being deployed
BSNL has fibre connectivity to most Talukas (county hq) CorDECT WLL developed at IITM
provides a telephone line and Internet connection in a 30 Km radius
can connect 85% of Indian villages start-up costs very low
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 16
Use Local Entrepreneurs to drive ICT
Today in urban areas: 950,000 such PCOs covering
every street of smallest town generate 25 % of total telecom
income 300 million people use these
PCOs Lesson for Rural:
To serve Rural people with incomes less than $ 1/day, aggregate demand and let Entrepreneurs drive it
Entrepreneur-driven operator assisted telephone booths (STD PCOs) introduced in 1987
Aid/ Grant does not scale Successful Enterprises can scale to all villages
102.1
1710
3.9 1.9 1 0.3 0.30
20
40
60
80
100
120
3 9 13 18 26 42 65 112
HH Income in thousand Rs/month
Nu
mb
er o
f H
H in
mill
ion
s
135 million rural households
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 17
n-Logue : A Rural Service Provider aggregate demand into a kiosk
Rs 50000 per Kiosk providing telephone, Internet, multimedia PC with web-camera, printer and power back-up for PC
plus Indian language software, video conferencing software, training and maintenance
set up by a village entrepreneur on the lines of urban PCOs provides telephone, stand-alone Computer and Internet
services needs Rs3500 per month to break even (Rs3:50 per person
per month)
Innovative Business Models
The Business Model
Services Revenues
n-Logue
LSP-1 LSP-2 LSP-3
Kiosk Kiosk Kiosk Kiosk Kiosk
Villagers
Provides Training and Technical Support Handles Licensing and Policy issues Provides Internet Backbone Connectivity Enables Kiosk Services through Alliance Partners Creates Awareness
Application & Solution Providers
Internet Backbone
ACCESS CENTRE
Local Service Partner
Markets Connections Provides Onsite Support and Training Manages Local Web & Email Services Manages Local Content Pages
Scope:3000 sq km400-600 connections (1 in each village)
Internet Kiosk Operator
School/PHC Private Business Government Office Rural NGO
Provides Internet Access to Local Community Provides Awareness and Training Channels Information needs of Community through
LSP to Application & Content Providers
Financing
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 20
A Suitably Positioned Kiosk Like this …
Tamil Nadu
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 21
Or these…
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 22
The Kiosk Owner
Should have studied up to Class 12
Need have no prior computer Training
Should be able to communicate to the people in the village
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 23
A Kiosk Owner/Operator
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 24
Kiosk: Bouquet of Services (beside telephony)
A variety of Services and Applications, relevant to Rural people, need to be enabled
No single service can stand on its own Education Livelihood Health Entertainment Communication E-Governance
Learning typingComputer educationPhotographyCD moviesDTP workEmail/voice & video mailE-GovernanceVideo conferencing providing Telemedicine
Vet CareE-learning E-Agriculture
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 25
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 26
E-governmentservices at a Village
VILLAGE KIOSK • Dispersal of
• PDS coupons• Application forms for exams,
etc
Physical Dispersal
• Payment of • Municipal taxes• Electricity Bills• Bus Tickets• Purchase of Seeds /
Fertilisers• Entrance and Exam Fees
Net Banking
• Distribution of Application Forms
• Information from Online Databases like
• BPL lists• Electoral Lists, etc
From Central Website
Information Dissemination
• Text, Audio, Video formats of various Government / Public service Announcements
• Video-conferencing between Collector and villagers• Physical Notice Board outside Kiosk on which Govt.
Notices can be pasted
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 27
The Dream
Current Rural GDP in India = Rs 700,000 Crore
For a Population = 700 million people
GDP / Person = Rs 10000 per year
DOUBLING per-capita Rural GDP
Rs 20000 per person per year
Rural Prosperity
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 28
Agriculture
AnimalHusbandry
Agricultural Processing
Industry
IT-Based Services
Trade & Commerce
Rural Micro-Enterprises are the Wealth Creators
Micro-enterprises need Finance Knowledge and
Training Buying & Selling Insurance
Can Communications Enable these ?
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 29
Operations
Project Summary & Plans
462719Totals615Others16151Gujarat
1486Maharashtra
1037TN
TotalActiveLiveState
Plans 78 Projects by March 2004
Maharashtra: 30 TN: 25 Gujrat: 16 Others: 7 125 kiosk/project
10000 kiosks by Jul-Sep 2004
Projected Breakup of Kiosks
3000
2500
3500
800
TN Gujarat Maharashtra Others
Technologies & people behind n-Logue
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 31
Technologies in Use
corDECT WiLL Midas will enable 100/200 dedicated and
2 Mbps shared connection next year
RAS & Router Banyan Minnow ISP in a box Nilgiri
Billing System Nilgiri Network Management NMSWorks Chirag voice/video mail TeNeT Power back-up Alacrity Indian Language Office package CK
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 32
To PSTN
To Internet
corDECT Wireless in Local Loop
35/70 kbps dedicated Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone
100/200 kbps dedicated & 2Mbps shared connection in near future
Price target: Rs 5000 to Rs 7500 per line
802.16 in future
IITM - Midas
Office package in Indian Languages IITM - Chennai Kavigal
Network Management System
A must with distributed deployment of Intelligent nodes
Convergence of Telecom and Internet management Manage traffic, subscribers,
subscriber equipment and network health from management centers
IITM-NMSWorks
IITM-Nilgiri Networks
Rural communications software developed in a rural setting
BlueBill: real-time billing for voice, Internet and applications
Minnow: ISP Data Centre on redundant Linux/PCs
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 35
Major New Initiatives
Multi-party multi-rate video conferencing OOPS Live Lecture OOPS
Rural ATM Machine Vortex Finger print detection HP-IITM
Medical Diagnostic kit NeuroSynaptic LCD projection system TeNeT Web Terminal MeTeL Midas
Entertainment Terminal TeNeT Rural Banking SW TeNeT On-line eye-testing HP-IITM Sparse Area Comm System TeNeT
TeNeT faculty and 10 companies incubated by it (1000 engineers) working to make the dream true
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 36
Low bit-rate multi-party Video Conferencing (audio + video + chat at 20 kbps onwards)
On-line lecturing at low bit-rates
IITM - OOPS
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 37
Financial Services with ICICI Bank
Kiosk operators to have Credit cards Collect cash from villager and pay online
Govt. payments, Telephone bills
Kiosk operator to be an agent for agri-crop loans Rural Insurance, Health and Crop
Rural low cost ATMs at kiosks Works along with the PC already existing Breakthrough pricing envisaged of Rs30000
IITM-Vortex
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 38
VITAL centres : Next 3 months
Village Internet Test and Analysis laboratory Upgrade the internet kiosk for basic “non invasive”
medical tests ECG (Sensors connected to the monitor) Stethoscope (plugged into the sound card) Pressure ( Digital BP meters ) Temperature Eyes ( Charts and Color blindness) Weight ( Regular weighing scale)
Upgrade PHC with Internet connectivity For Blood testing (over and above VITAL equipment)
Sugar and AIDS
Most of this equipment would be sourced at under Rs10000
IITM - NeuroSynaptic
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 39
• 8-10 voice channels + 64/128 kbps Internet satellite backhaul
• Each hub supports 16 to 20 remote sites with 2 Mbps download
• Rs 8000 corDECT + Rs10000 backhaul cost per connection
PSTN
Internet
2.4 m antenna3.8 m antenna
15 -25 Kms with 50 connections
2 M
bps
-->
128
Kbp
s --
>
<-- 256 Kbps
Sparse Area Communications where there is no fibre backbone
IITM - ISRO
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 40
Summary
Internet is Power every village need to be connected at the earliest
IIT Madras and n-Logue have a workable business model to revolutionize rural India Excellent goodwill Strong support from State and Central Governments
But the challenge is to make this happen in scale To expand the footprint from 1 million to 10 million people
from 1000 connections in 20 district to 10000 connections in 75 district in next 9 months
and then to 700 million
and simultaneously drive the rural economy to double per capita rural GDP
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 41
To Sum Up
ICT can reach everyone provided there is a big enough Vision behind it
Dream of Doubling per capita Rural GDP Finance, Commerce, Training &
Information are key Driving Education, Health and
Entrepreneurship is the means
Wireless Internet with fibre backhaul can enable these
Sparse Areas will require special technologies & efforts
Large number of innovative technologies and applications need to be developed catering specifically to Rural areas
URDIP, Pune, Oct03 42